klod mone (1840-1926)

klod mone daibada saporto qalaq havrSi, SedarebiT dabali wris ojaxSi. man
adre gamomaJRavna mxatvruli niWi, kerZod saicrad zusti Tvali da saxasiaTo niuansis
(ferSi, tonSi Tu formaSi) dafiqsirebis unari. am niWis wyalobiT igi iqneba yvelaze
tipuri impresionisti impresionistTa Soris. SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom swored misi
suraTis _ "STabeWdileba _ mzis amosvla"

mixedviT 1937 wels pirvel damoukidebel mxatvarTa gamofenaze (fotograf nadaris

saxelsnoSi)

Jurnalistebma

dacinviT

uwodes

am

mimarTulebas

impresionizmi

(impresion mxatvrulad STabeWdilebas niSnavs). arada es saxeli sakmaod zustad

Seefereba

am

mxatvruli

meTodis

bunebas,

romelic

emyareba

momntaluri

STabeWdilebis dafiqsirebas. 90-ian wlebSi, rodesac impresionizmi aRar iyo aqtualuri,

viRacam sezanTan axsena mone. "nu axsenebT mas" _ Tqva sezanma, _ "igi mxolod
Tavlia." (gulisxmobda, rom Tvals ar mosdevda goni, gaazreba). magram mciredi
dafriqrebis Semdeg dasZina: "magram, RmerTo Cemo, rogori Tvali!". mones swored
am Tvisebis gamo masTan yvelaze savsed aris gamoxatuli is Zlieri mxareebic,
romlebic gansakuTrebiT maRal doneze gamovlinda impresinistTa 1870-iani wlebis
namuSevrebSi da is SezRuduli mxareebic, romlebmac 80-iani wlebidan ganapirobes
impresionizmis krizisi.
mane jer kide 16-17 wlis iyo, rodesac igi havrSi SeniSna Zalian kargma
fermwerma _ budenma. kerZod, mone xatavda karikaturebs Tanamoqalaqeebze,
romlebsac akravdnen erT-erTi maRaziis vitrinaze. isini SeniSna budenma da mixvda
ra did niWTan hqonda saqme. man monaxa mones ojaxi da urCia ymawvilis parizSi
gagzavna. parizSi igi male dauaxlovda missaviT axalgazrda renuars, romelTan
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erTadac dadioda akademiuri mimarTulebis pedagogTan gleierTan, Tumca amas igi

swori gzidan ar aucdenia. jer erTi, mas ukve hqonda miRebuli kagi gakveTilebi
budenisgan, romelmac mas gaagebina plenerze muSaobis mniSvneloba, mere
meorec,

igi

renuarTan,

sisleisTan,

pisarosTan

erTad

erkveoda

Tanamedrove

mxatvrebSi _ vin iyo progresuli da vin ara. mas gansakuTrebiT izidavda koro Tavisi
ferwerulobiTa da mdodari valioriT.
60-iani wlebisTvis igi sxvebTan erTad intensiurad muSaobs da viTardeba. 1865
wels asrulebs "sauzmes mwvaneSi",

1866 wels "qalebi baRSi",

sadac ukve kargad Cans misi Tvalis sizuste, misi unari "daiWiros" konkretuli
momenti,

saxasiaTo

detalebi.

arsebiTad

misi

xedva

ukve

impresionistulia.

adamianebi, maTi qmedeba, detalebi erTiandebian peizaJis Suq-haerovan garemoSi,

Tumca koloristulad es jer kidev tradiciuli ferweraa. feri jer ar aris sufTa _ bevria
moyavisfro, monacrisfro, momwvano tonebi. TandaTanobiT Cndeba sufTa feradovani

laqebic: "baRi sent-edresSi" 1966 w.,

"terasa sent-edresSi" 1967 w.,

buneba, mwvane buCqebi, zurmuxtisferi zRva, wiTeli yvavilebi Tu droSis ferebi

mTlianobaSi suraTs ufro naTels xdian, magram ferT Sexameba jer kidev xisti da
meqanikuria, aklia ferweruli sifaqize da gaTamameba. mxatvruli meTodis sisrules
aRwevs

69-70

wlebisTvis.

"navebi

arJanteiSi"

1869

w.

ukve Zalian cocxalia, Tavisuflad dawerili uamravi tonaluri niuansiT, magram feri jer
kidev mTlad sufTa araa. metia feris sisufTave 1870 wels Sesrulebul namuSevarSi
"oteli Savi kldeebi" _ qarSi haeris moZraoba saocradaa gadmocemuli.

70-iani wlebi misi mxatvruli meTodis gaSlisa da ayvavebis periodia. muSaobs

igi saocrad Zaldautaneblad da aRwevs mxatvruli enis, anu organizebuli masalis, feri
tonis

zeTis

im

saocrad

damajerebel

gardasaxvas

gamosaxulebaSi,

anu

araCveulebriv opozicias asaxvis sagnis niSnebsa da enas (mxatvrul formas) Soris,

romelic impresionizmis mTavari miRwevaa. arasdros aravis ar gadmoucia aseTi
"gulaxdili" feriTa da "gulaxdili" monasmebiT ase zustad asaxvis sagani, anu buneba,
xmeleTi wyali, haeri, sagnebi erTian cocxal ferwerul zedapirze. es saocrebas hgavs.
aseTebia: "regata arJanteiSi" (arJantei iyo parizis gareubani, romelic Zalian izidavda
impresionistebs),

cnobili "STabeWdileba _ mzis amosvla" 1872 an 1873, "kapucinebis bulvari" 1873,

"yayaCoebis mindori arJanteiSi" 1873,

"bastiliis aRebis dResaswauli" 1878,

"sen lazaris rkinigzis sadguris" mTeli seria 1877.

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seriebze muSaoba damaxasiaTebelia monesTvis. misTvis ar arsebobs ori erTnairi

dRe, an Tundac dRis ganmavlobaSi droebi: dila, SudRe, saRamo. "kamila mone"
(coli) micvalebulis sudaraSic ki impresionistulad aris dawerili.

80-90-iani wlebidan saerTod impresionistebTan da gansakuTrebiT monesTan

aRiniSneba erTgvari krizisi. ferwera aranakleb Tu metad virtuozulia niuansebSi,
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ferSi, magram aklia is cocxali uSualoba, romelic 70-ian wlebs axasiaTebda, TiTqos,
erTgvarad TviTmiznuri xdeba: "ruanis taZris seria" (diliT, dRisT, saRamos) sul
sxvadasxvagvari ganaTebebiT,

"bel-ilis kldeebi",

"Stormi bel-ilSi".

1899 wlisTvis modis axali seria _ "wylis liliebi", sadac mxatvari tkbeba bunebis
mravalferovnebiT,

"vaterloos xidi nislSi",

"Caring krosis xidi nislSi",

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"parlamentis Senoba londonSi",

fantastiuri ostatoba, magram TiTqos odnav TviTmiznuri. SemTxveviTi araa, rom

misma Tivis zvinebis seriam uzarmazari STabeWdileba moaxdina vasil kandinskize
imiT, rom sagani "gaqra" ferTa livlivSi. esec udavod biZgi iyo kandinskisTvis
abstraqtuli, usagno ferweris CamoyalibebaSi.

gvian wlebSi 1910-ianSi igi ukve aRiarebuli, mdidari aSenebs xelovnur tbas
wylis liliebiT da xatavs did panoebs am motivebze, romlebic Zalian efeqturia da
erTgvarad TviTmiznuri.

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