VULNERABILITY FACTORS:
 PHYSICAL VULNERABILITY -
HAZARD - A dangerous phenomenon,
substance, human activity or condition
that may cause loss of life, injury.
DISASTER - A serious disruption of the
functioning of a community or a society
involving widespread human, material,
economic or environmental losses and
impacts, which exceeds the ability of the
affected community or society to cope
using its own resources.
RISK - The combination of the
probability of an event and its negative
consequences.
EXPOSURE - People, property,
systems, or other elements present in
hazard zones that are thereby subject to
potential losses.
VULNERABILITY - It describes the
characteristics and circumstances of a
community, system or asset that make it
susceptible to the damaging effects of a
hazard. There are many aspects of
vulnerability, arising from various
physical, social, economic, and
environmental factors.
PERSPECTIVE ON DISASTER
 Biological Perspective on
Disaster
 Political Perspective on Disaster
 Political Perspective on Disaster
 Psychological Perspective on
Disaster
 Physical Science Perspective on
Disaster
poor design and construction of
buildings
 SOCIAL VULNERABILITY -
Refers to the inability of people,
organizations, and societies to
withstand adverse impacts to
hazards
 ECONOMIC VULNERABILITY -
Families with low incomes often
live in high-risk areas around
Cities.
 ENVIRONMENTAL
VULNERABILITY - Natural
resource depletion and resource
degradation are key aspects of
environmental vulnerability
TYPES OF HAZARD:
 BIOLOGICAL HAZARD - refer to
biological substances that pose a
threat to the health of living
organisms
 CHEMICAL HAZARD - chemical
and toxic properties of the
chemical. A chemical hazard is
any substance that can cause a
health problem when ingested or
inhaled.
  ERGONOMIC HAZARD - A
physical condition that
may cause injury to the
musculoskeletal system
 PHYSICAL HAZARD - Hazard
arising from the material,
operational, or occupational
characteristics of an insured
property.
 PSYCOLOGICAL HAZARD -
hazard that affects the
psychological and physical well-
being of workers,
EARTHQUAKE
 is a sudden and violent shaking
of the ground, sometimes
causing great destruction, as a
result of movements within the
earth's crust or volcanic action.
 An earthquake is caused by
tectonic plates getting stuck and
putting a strain on the ground.
EARTHQUAKE POTENTIAL
HAZARDS
GROUND SHAKING - Ground shaking
is the movement of the earth's surface
from earthquakes or explosions
GROUND RUPTURE - is the visible
offset of the ground surface when an
earthquake rupture along a fault affects
the Earth's surface.
LIQUEFACTION - A process by which
water –saturated sediment temporarily
loses strength and act as fluid.
TSUNAMI - Sea wave of local or distant
origin that result from large scale
seafloor displacement associated with
large earthquakes, major submarine
slides, or exploding volcanic Islands
LANDSLIDE - An earthquake can cause
a slope to become unstable by the
inertial loading it imposes or by causing
a loss of strength in the slope materials.
HAZARD MAP - is a map that highlights
areas that are affected by or are
vulnerable to a particular hazard. They
are typically created for natural hazards,
such as earthquakes, volcanoes,
landslides, flooding and tsunamis.
Hazard maps help prevent serious
damage and deaths.
VOLCANIC HAZARD - is the probability
that a volcanic eruption or related
geophysical event will occur in a given
geographic area and within a specified
window of time.
LIST OF VOLCANIC HAZARDS :
PYROCLASTIC - A pyroclastic flow
(also known as a pyroclastic density
current or a pyroclastic cloud) is a fast-
moving current of hot gas and volcanic
matter
LAHARS - is a violent type of mudflow
or debris flow composed of a slurry of
pyroclastic material, rocky debris and
water. The material flows down from a
volcano, typically along a river valley
LAVA FLOW - Lava flows are streams of
molten rock that pour or ooze from an
erupting vent. Lava is erupted during
either nonexplosive activity or explosive
lava fountains
VOLCANIC GAS - Volcanic gases are
gases given off by active (or, at times,
by dormant) volcanoes. These include
gases trapped in cavities (vesicles) in
volcanic rocks, dissolved or dissociated
gases in magma and lava, or gases
emanating directly from lava or indirectly
through ground water heated by
volcanic action.
TSUNAMI - A tsunami is a series of
waves in a water body caused by the
displacement of a large volume of water,
generally in an ocean
LANDSLIDE - A landslide is defined as
the movement of a mass of rock, debris,
or earth down a slope. Landslides are a
type of "mass wasting," which denotes
any down-slope movement of soil and
rock under the direct influence of gravity.
... These landslides are called
submarine landslides