DESIGN OF CULVERT

DATA: hs
Width of culvert = 32.81 ft A B
Depth of culvert = 21.16 ft
Thickness of walls , hw = 2.5 ft assumed
Thickness of slab , hs = 2.5 ft assumed
Depth of Embankment = 2.72 ft 8.922 hw h = 23.66 ft
Thickness of Road Section = 2.13 ft
Angle of internal friction = 30 0.5 6.45
ka = 0.333
l = 35.31 ft 30.31
h= 23.66 ft
Design Criteria : C D
Density of concrete = 150 pcf l = 35.31 ft
Density of soil = 119 pcf
fc' = 4000 psi
fy = 60000 psi 1 T/m 9.81 KN/m

LOAD CALCULATIONS :
DEAD LOAD:
SUPERIMPOSED DEAD LOAD:

Dead load of backfill = 1.54 Kip / ft

EARTH PRESSURE ON WALLS :

Latteral Pressure Due to Soil :
qep' = kavh' Kip / ft
= 4.47 Kip / ft
Latteral Pressure Due to Overburden = p.ka Kip / ft
= 0.51 Kip / ft
Live Load Surcharge for 2ft. = 1.13 Kip / ft
Total Lateral Pressure = 0.51 Kip / ft

LIVE LOAD :
70- TON Military Loading 0.7 m
Projected Area = L*(W+1.75*D) 30 0 30 0
where: 3.65 m
D= Depth of fill (m)
W= Width of Tank = 4 ft
L= Length of Tank = 12 ft
Dispersion E= 4.76 ft 2.75 ft 4 ft 2.75 ft
Projected Area = 105.12 ft2
Millitary Loading
77.175 Kip
(70 Ton Tank):
Distributed Tank Load = 3.49 Kip / ft

HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE :
Density of
9.81 KN/m3
WaterΎ =
= 62.38 pcf
P= ka*Ύ*h
= 1.5 Kip / ft2
Hydrostatic Pressure @
= Ύ*h Kip / ft
bottom slab
= 7.03 Kip / ft
MEMBER PROPERTIES :
Modulus of Subgrade Reaction for
= 2161.44 T/m3 =
135 K/ft 3
Compacted Soil
SPRING CONSTANT :
Number of Segment of Base Slab = 4
Each Segment = 8.83 ft
Edge Spring (Horizontal) = = 798.53 Kip / ft According to model nodes distribution
Edge Spring (Vertical) = = 595.86 Kip / ft
Intermediate Springs (Vertical) = = 1191.713 Kip / ft
Intermediate Springs (Horizontal) = = 595.8563 Kip / ft
 LOAD COMBINATIONS
STAAD RESULTS
a e b

h f

c g d
CASE I :
D.L+L.L
MOMENT Kip-ft Fx(KN) KN-m Kip-ft
Ma (-)= 160.09 370.706 738.08 762.03
Mc (-)= 123.44 430.362 569.10 587.56
Me (+)= 228.99 1055.74 1090.00
Mh (-)= 141.76 653.59 674.80
Mg (+)= 222.69 1026.69 1060.00

CASE-II
D.L+E.P
MOMENT Kip-ft Fx(KN) KN-m Kip-ft
Ma (-)= 67.44 370.706 310.94 321.03
Mc (-)= 75.65 430.362 348.78 360.10
Me (+)= 75.21 346.74 357.99
Mh (-)= 23.82 109.83 113.39
Mg (+)= 91.82 423.35 437.09

CASE-III
D.L+L.L+E.P
MOMENT Kip-ft Fx(KN) KN-m Kip-ft
Ma (-)= 181.40 370.706 836.33 863.47
Mc (-)= 148.75 430.362 685.78 708.03
Me (+)= 207.96 958.79 989.90
Mh (-)= 81.14 374.10 386.23
Mg (+)= 201.15 927.38 957.47
 BOX CULVERT DESIGN:
fc' = 4000 psi ß1 = 0.85-0.05.((fc'-4000)/1000) = 0.85 0.65≤ß1≥0.85
fy = 60000 psi
pb = 0.85.ß1.(fc'/fy).(87000/(87000+fy)) = 0.0285068
pmax = 0.75.pb = 0.0213801
pmin = 200/fy 0.00333333 Use pmin = 0.0033
pmin = 3√fc'/fy 0.00316228
p(temp) = 0.0018 For Grade 40 or 50 Steel pmin = 0.002
For Grade 60 Steel pmin = 0.0018
For fy>60 pmin = {(0.0018*60000)/fy}
ф*Vc = 0.85*2*√fc'*b*d = 36.67 Kip
ф*Vc = 0.85*(2.14√fc'+4600p*Vu*d/Mu)*b*d 42.12 Kip ### Kip
ф*Vc = 42.12 Kip
Asmin. = 0.51 in² 0.5Ts 0.38

Design of Top/Bottom Slab: 0.25B 2.5 0.25B

Mu(mid max) = 228.99 K-ft + Bottom

Mu(end max) = 181.40 K-ft - Top
Check depth of Slab:
d²=Mu/{j.p.fy.b(1-0.59.p.fy/fc’)} 244.63 in²
d= 15.641 in 1.303 ft …………
OK

Clear cover = 40 mm 0.131 ft

d(actual) = 2.37 ft 28.425 in
Main Reinforcement :
For Moments @ Mid Span
Assume "a" = 2.767 in
As = Mu(mid)/(0.9*fy*(d-a/2)) = 1.882 in²
Check "a" = As*fy/(0.85*fc'*b) = 2.767 in …………OK
Check Steel Ratio = p = As/b*d = 0.005517 ..………… OK
Use bar # 8
Ab = 0.79 in²
Spacing of bars = 5.01 in c/c
Hence Use # 8 bars @ 5 in c/c
Hence Use # 8 bars @ 130 mm c/c @ Bottom of top & bottom slab
For End Moments
Assume "a" = 2.168 in
As = Mu(end)/(ф*fy*(d-a/2)) = 1.474 in² p= As/bd
Check "a" = As*fy/(0.85*fc'*b) = 2.168 in …………OK p= 0.00552
Check Steel Ratio = p = As/b*d = 0.004322 ..………… OK
As = 1.474 in²
Use bar # 8
Ab = 0.79 in²
Spacing of bars = 6.39 in c/c
Hence Use # 8 bars @ 6 in c/c
Hence Use # 8 bars @ 170 mm c/c @ Top of top & bottom slab
For Moments @ Mid Span om Wall
Asmin. = 0.85 in²
Mu(mid max) = 81.1416 K-ft + Bottom
Assume "a" = 0.949 in
As = Mu(mid)/(0.9*fy*(d-a/2)) = 0.645 in²
Check "a" = As*fy/(0.85*fc'*b) = 0.949 in …………OK
Check Steel Ratio = p = As/b*d = 0.002500 ..………… OK
Use bar # 6
Ab = 0.44 in²
Spacing of bars = 6.22 in c/c
Hence Use # 6 bars @ 6 in c/c
Hence Use # 6 bars @ 160 mm c/c
Distribution Reinforcement :
As = 220/√S <= 50%
As = 38.41%
Use lesser of two = 38.41%
As (dist) = 0.723 in²/ft
Use bar # 6
Ab = 0.44 in²
Spacing of bars = 7.33 in c/c
Hence Use # 6 bars @ 7 in c/c
Hence Use # 6 bars @ 190 mm c/c @ Top & Bottom slab
SHEAR CHECK :
Vu = 81.77 Ton
Vu = 17.18 Ton 37.88 Kip ……………..OK
 DESIGN OF WALL (BS 8110)
check le/h :
Effective Height le (table 169 of Reynolds)= 31.74 m

Thickness of wall h = 2.5 m

le/h = 12.696 Design as Slender Wall (A)

b= 0.3048 m

Cover from Bar Center d' = 50 mm

d= 2.45 m

d/h = 1.0

(A) DESIGN OF SLENDER WALL: (B) DESIGN OF STOCKY WALL:

Mult = 836.33 KNm Mult = 836.33 KNm

Direct Force N = 430.36 KN Direct Force N = 430.36 KN

d'/h = 0.002 M/bh²fc' = 0.110

ß = (1/2000)*(le/b)² or from Table 168 of Reynold = 5.422 N/bhfc' = 0.141

ß.N.h = 5833.484 p.fy/fc' (from table 151 and 152 Reynold) = 0.2

Total moment Mt = ß.N.h + Mult = 6669.816 p= 0.01333

Mt/bh²fc' = 0.875 As = 0.00996 m² 15.433 in²

N/bhfc' = 0.141 Bar # = 12 Ab = 1.77

p.fy/fc' (from table 151 and 152 Reynold) = 0.25 Spacing of bars = 1.2 in² C/C

p= 0.0166666667 As = 0.012 m² Ac = 0.762 m² Hence Use # 12 bars @ 1 in c/c

Nbal = fc'.b.d/4 = 5148.910 KN As = 19.2913 in²

Nuz = 0.45*fc'*Ac + 0.87*fy*As = 13936.734 KN Bar # = 12 Ab = 1.77

Nbal/N = 11.964133662 Spacing of bars = 1.1 in² c/c

Nuz/N = 32.383735664
Moment Reduction factor K =(Nuz-N)/Nuz-Nbal)≤1 = 1.53694 Hence Use # 12 bars @ 1 in c/c

No reduction factor is require i.e K=1

 DESIGN OF WING WALL
fc' = 4000 psi
fy = 60000 psi
Width of culvert = 32.81 m 1291.73 in
Depth of culvert = 21.16 m 833.07 in
Density of soil = 120 pcf
(Conservatively, use
Angle of internal friction, ф = 27 0.5 27o if backfill property is
not available)
Thickness of walls , hw = 2.500 m assume 98.43 in
Height of wall = 23.66 931.49 in
Thickness of slab , hs = 2.500 m assumed
Slope of wall face at fill face, θ = 90 1.6
Backfill Slope, β = 18.43 0.3 (1V:3H)
Wing Length, L = 2V
V= 23.06 m 907.87 in
L= 46.12 m 1815.74 in
3/4*L = 34.59 m 1361.81 in

1. Design Wall Height, H = 600mm min. wall height + 3/4*L*(V/L)

= 17.90 m
= 704.53 in
2. Determine Active Earth Pressure:
Ka = 0.669
δ= (2/3)*ф
= 18 0.3

Pa = 0.5*γs*Ka*H2
= 138.37 Kips

3. Steel reinforcement
Moment Arm, L = 1/3*H
= 19.57 ft.
Moment , M = Pa*L
= 2707.89 Kip-ft
Factored Moment , Mu = 1.3*M
= 3520.26 Kip-ft
Effective depth, d = wall thickness-2" cover-1/2bar dia. - 1/2" wearing surface
= 95.68 in
 0.85fc   2Rn 
  1   1  
fy   0.85fc 
R= Mu /ф*b*d2
= 427.30
p= 0.00764
Ast = ρ*b*d
= 8.77 in²
Use Bar # 4 0.27 in² C/C

4. SHEAR CHECK :
Shear Force, Vu = Pa = 138.37 Kips
b= 12 in
d= 95.68 in
ф*Vc = 0.85*2*√fc'*b*d = 123.44 Kips
Check minimum Shear Reinforcement:
1/2*ф*Vc = 61.72 < Vu
Minimum Shear reinforcement is required