TVBI-Q3,Ep7 /Wk 7 Science 7

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Learning Competencies:
Describe the different types of charging processes. S7LT -IIIj - 13

Key Concepts

Electrical Charging Process

A. Charging by Friction
- the transfer of electrons from one uncharged object to another by rubbing the two
objects together.
Example
When you rubbed the balloon back and forth across your hair,
you may find that your hair was attracted to the balloon.
It is because your hair and the balloons became electrically
charged

An electric charge is an electrical property of matter that creates a force

between objects.

Objects are made up of an enormous number of neutrons, protons, and electrons. Whenever
there is an imbalance in the number of protons and electrons in an atom, molecule or any object, it
has a net electric charge.

Types of Charges
 Positively charged objects (+) have more electrons than protons.
 Negatively charged objects (-) have fewer electrons than protons.

One of the electrical properties of objects is the

ability of a material to lose or gain electrons when
they come into contact with a different material
through friction.
Figure 1 shows
gain or lose electrons.

When you rubbed the balloon on your hair, some of the electrons from your
hair were transferred to the balloon. This means that your hair has lost some
electrons so it has become positively charged while the balloon has gained
electrons which made it negatively charged.

Remember: Charging process follow the Law of Conservation of Charge

The Law of Conservation of Charge Charges cannot be created nor destroyed, but can be transferred from
one material to another. The total charge in a system must remain constant.

The electric force is the force of attraction or repulsion between objects due to charge. According to
Electrostatic Law, like charges repel and unlike charges attract.

B. Charging by Induction

Generally, a charged and uncharged object tend to attract each other due to the phenomenon
of electrostatic polarization which can be explained by the Electrostatic Law.

When a charged object is placed

near a neutral object, the charges within
the neutral object are rearranged such that
the charged object attracts the opposite
charges within the neutral object.

 The overall charge of the can is

neutral however due to the
presence of the charged
balloon; the opposite sides will have an induced charge.

Discharging
The process of removing excess charges on an object is called discharging. When
discharging is done by means of providing a path between the charged object and a ground, the
process may be referred to as grounding.

 By touching the can, a path was provided for the charges to be

transferred.
 The hand provided a path for negative charges to move away
from the can.
 When the hand was removed, the can was left with a net positive charge.
This is charging by induction, where an object can be charged without actual contact to any other
charged object.

C. Charging by Conduction

 involves the contact of a charged object to a neutral object

When an uncharged conductor is brought in contact with a

charged conductor, charge is shared between the two
conductors and hence the uncharged conductor gets
charged.
During charging by conduction, both objects acquire the
same type of charge.

Charging by conduction involves making the physical connection of the charged object to the neutral
object. Because charging by conduction involves contact, it is often called charging by contact.
Activity 1
Directions: Identify the charging process involved in the illustration and describe how the charging
process happens.

Illustration Type of Description

Charging Process
1.

2.

3.

4.

5
Answer key:

Illustration Type of Charging Description

Process (1pt) (2pts)
1.

Two different objects

Charging by Friction
are rubbed together.

2.
One charged conductor
Charging by Conduction is brought in contact to
the neutral conductor.

3.
A charged object is
brought near but not in
Charging by Induction
contact to the neutral
object.

4.

Two different objects

Charging by Friction
are rubbed together.

5.
A charged object is
brought near but not in
Charging by Induction
contact to the neutral
object.