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9
The Six Trigonometric Ratios
Learner's Module in Mathematics 9
Quarter 4 ● Module 1

ELMER A. SACWOG
Developer

Department of Education • Cordillera Administrative Region

 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Cordillera Administrative Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BAGUIO CITY
Military Cut-off, Baguio City

Published by:
DepEd Schools Division of Baguio City
Curriculum Implementation Division

COPYRIGHT NOTICE
2021

Section 9 of Presidential Decree No. 49 provides:

“No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines.
However, prior approval of the government agency of office wherein the work is
created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.”

This material has been developed for the implementation of K-12 Curriculum
through the DepEd Schools Division of Baguio City - Curriculum Implementation
Division (CID). It can be reproduced for educational purposes and the source must
be acknowledged. Derivatives of the work including creating an edited version, an
enhancement or a supplementary work are permitted provided all original work is
acknowledged and the copyright is attributed. No work may be derived from this
material for commercial purposes and profit.

i
 PREFACE

This module is a project of the DepEd Schools Division of Baguio City through
the Curriculum Implementation Division (CID) which is in response to the
implementation of the K to 12 Curriculum.

This Learning Material is a property of the Department of Education, Schools

Division of Baguio City. It aims to improve students’ performance specifically in
Mathematics.

Date of Development April 2021

Resource Location DepEd Schools Division of Baguio City
Learning Area Mathematics
Grade Level 9
Learning Resource Type Module
Language English
Quarter/Week Q4/W1

Learning Competency Code M9GE-IVa-1

Illustrates the six trigonometric ratios:

Learning Competency sine, cosine, tangent, secant, cosecant,
and cotangent.

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The developer wishes to express his gratitude to those who helped in the
development of this learning material. The fulfillment of this learning material would
not be possible without them.
Thank you all for your moral and technical support in the crafting of this
learning module. To my colleagues in our school for sharing your knowledge and
expertise as I developed this learning resource. Lastly, to the office of DepEd
Division of Baguio City for giving us the opportunity to discover our skills as module
writers.

Development Team
Developer: Elmer A. Sacwog
Layout Artist: Caster Jovanhoe T. Badival
Illustrator: Caster Jovanhoe T. Badival

School Learning Resources Management Committee

Whitney A. Dawayen School Head / Principal
Cherielyn C. Espregante Subject / Learning Area Specialist
Geraldine D. Sumipit School LR Coordinator

Quality Assurance Team

Francisco C. Copsiyan EPS – Mathematics
Lourdes B. Lomas-e PSDS – District 6

Learning Resource Management Section Staff

Armi Victoria A. Fiangaan EPS – LRMDS
Victor A. Fernandez Education Program Specialist II - LRMDS
Christopher David G. Oliva Project Development Officer II – LRMDS
Priscilla A. Dis-iw Librarian II
Lily B. Mabalot Librarian I
Ariel Botacion Admin. Assistant

CONSULTANTS

JULIET C. SANNAD, EdD

Chief Education Supervisor – CID

CHRISTOPHER C. BENIGNO
OIC-Office of the Asst. Schools Division Superintendent

MARIE CAROLYN B. VERANO, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

iii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
Copyright Notice ………………………………………………….……...….…. i
Preface …………………………………………………………………...…….… ii
Acknowledgement……………………………………………………. …….…... iii
Table of Contents……………………………………………………….……. … iv
Title Page…………………………………………………………………………. 1
What I Need to Know……………………………………………………………. 2
Learning Objectives
What I Know………………………………………………………….…………. 3
What’s In………………………………………………………………….….…. 4
What’s New………………………………………………………………………. 5
Activity 1……………………………………….……………….…………. 6
What Is It…………………………………………………….…………………… 5
What’s More …………………………………………………………………… 9
Assessment 1…………………………………………………….……… 9
What I Have Learned …………………...……………………………………… 10
What I Can Do……………………………………………….…………………… 10
Additional Activities……………………………………………………………… 11
Post Assessment………………………………………………………………. 11
Answer Key ……………………………………………...…………………...… 13
References ……………………………………………...…………………...… 14

iv
 The Six Trigonometric Ratios
Learner's Module in Mathematics 9
Quarter 4 ● Module 1

ELMER A. SACWOG
Developer

Department of Education • Cordillera Administrative Region

1
 What I Need to Know
Welcome to this module about the SIX TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS: Sine,
Cosine, Tangent, Secant, Cosecant, and Cotangent.

This module is created to help you understand and find out more about
Triangle Trigonometry. It covers a range of topics, activities, and assessment tests
that will let you recognize patterns and techniques in solving problems involving
the Six Trigonometric Ratios.

HOW TO USE THIS MODULE

This module contains several lessons. To make the most out of them, you
need to do the following:
1. Scan the list of Learning Objectives to get an idea of the knowledge and skills you
are expected to gain and develop as you study the module. These outcomes are
based on the content standards, performance standards, and learning
competencies of the K to 12 Curriculum Mathematics 9.
2. Answer What I Know. Your score will determine your knowledge of the lessons in
the module. If you get 100% of the items correctly, you may proceed to the next
module. Otherwise, you must go through the lessons.
3. Each Lesson aims to develop one of the learning objectives set for the module. It
starts with an activity that will help you understand the lesson and meet the
required competencies.
4. Take your time in reading this module. Write down points for clarification. You
may discuss these points with your teacher.
5. Perform all activities and answer all worksheets. The activities and assessments
are designed to enhance your understanding of sets. The activities will also give you
an idea how well you understand the lessons. Review the lessons if necessary, until
you have achieved a satisfactory level of understanding.
6. At the end of the module, take the Post-Assessment to evaluate your overall
understanding about the lessons.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the module, you should be able to:
1. identify the six trigonometric ratios; and
2. solve problems involving the six trigonometric ratios.

2
 What I Know
MULTIPLE CHOICE: Answer the following questions pertaining to solving problems
involving the Six Trigonometric Ratios. Check your answers when you are finished
with all the questions.

1. What do you call the branch of mathematics that deals with the relations
between the sides and angles of a triangle?
A. Algebra C. Calculus
B. Geometry D. Trigonometry
2. In a right triangle, what do you call the longest side?
A. Leg C. Longer leg
B. Hypotenuse D. Opposite leg
3. The trigonometric ratio of an angle’s opposite leg and the hypotenuse of a
right triangle.
A. Sine C. Cosine
B. Tangent D. Cotangent
4. The trigonometric ratio of the acute angle 𝜃 of a right triangle defined by a
cosecant is _______________.

A. B. C. D.
5. The six trigonometric ratios are only applicable to what kind of triangle?
A. Acute Triangle C. Obtuse Triangle
B. Right Triangle D. Equilateral Triangle
6. If cosecant is the inverse trigonometric ratio of sine, then what is the inverse
trigonometric ratio of cosine?
A. Cotangent C. Cosecant
B. Tangent D. Secant
7. It is the mnemonic device used to easily remember the primary trigonometric
ratio?
A. CAO-SHA –CHO C. CAH-SOH-TOA
B. SOH- CAH- TOA D. TOA-CAO- SHA

8. Given the figure at the right. What is the opposite side

angle G?
A. a C. c
B. d D. g

9. Using the same figure, what is the measure of angle G

if the measure of side a is 17 and the measure of the
hypotenuse d is 23?
A. ∠ G=42.34 ° C. ∠ G=54.34 °
B. ∠ G=73.91 ° D. ∠ G=10.34 °

10. What theorem do you usually use in solving the measure of the sides of a
given right triangle?
A. Pythagorean Theorem C. SAS Similarity Theorem
B. Plato Theorem D. Socrates Theorem

3
 11. Triangle ABC is right – angled at B. If AB= 9cm and BC = 11cm, what is.
the tangent ratio of A to the nearest hundredths.
A. 0.64 B. 0.73 C. 1.36 D. 1.22
12. In the triangle PQR, what is the length of PQ?
A. 1 cm B. 5 cm C. 9 cm D. 12 cm
13. In the triangle DEF, what is m E? ?
A. 16.59° B. 28.40° C. 41.57° D. 61.92°
14. Triangle PQR is right - angled at Q, if p = 30 and q = 60,
what is the measure of ∠R?
A. 40° B. 55° C. 60° D. 65°
15. Find the value of side c to the nearest unit.
A. 19.58 B. 21.15 C. 23.10 D. 24.01

What’s In
In your previous modules, you have learned about the parts of a given right
triangle. Consider the given figure.
A
Recall the following:

Angles A and B are acute angles. c

Angle C is the right angle. b
Side a is the shorter side.
Side b is the longer side.
Side c is the hypotenuse. B
C a
Remember that the hypotenuse is always opposite the right angle.

ACTIVITY 1: Using the given figures, identify the parts that are being asked.
Y E
X z

f d
x D
y
e F

Z Figure 2

Figure 1

Figure 1 Figure 2

Acute angles
Right angle
Longer side
Shorter side
Hypotenuse

4
 What’s New
Activity 2
To answer this activity, you must remember the given concepts:

Adjacent side – the side next to the reference angle in a right triangle
Opposite side – the side across the reference angle in a right triangle.

Identify the opposite and adjacent side as well as the hypotenuse of the right
triangle by using the given reference angle.

Figure 1 Figure 2
A X z Y

b c x
y

C a B Z
Reference angle Adjacent side Opposite side Hypotenuse
Angle A b a c
Angle B a b c
Angle X z x y
Angle Z x z y

What is It
In a right triangle, we can define actually the six trigonometric ratios.
Consider the right triangle below and letting angle B as the reference angle
represented by Ɵ.
A
Sine → sin Ɵ
Cosine → cos Ɵ
Tangent → tan Ɵ hypotenuse
Cosecant → csc Ɵ b c
Secant → sec Ɵ opposite side
Cotangent → cot Ɵ
Ɵ
C a B
adjacent side
5
 We can also use the mnemonic SOH-CAH-TOA in remembering the
equations.

opposite side hypotenuse

sin Ɵ= csc Ɵ=
hypotenuse opposte side

adjacent side hypotenuse

cos Ɵ= sec Ɵ=
hypotenuse adjacent side

opposite side adjacent side

tanƟ= cot Ɵ=
adjacent side opposite side

A. Given right triangle ABC, identify the six trigonometric ratios at angle A.

a 3 c 5
sin A = = csc A = =
c 5 a 3

b 4 c 5
cos A = = sec A = =
c 5 b 4

a 3 b 4
tan A = = cot A = =
b 4 a 3

B. How do we identify the six trigonometric ratios of a right triangle given the
measure of the hypotenuse and one leg?

Example: A

Triangle BCA is right-angled at C. If c = 23 and b = 17,

find ∠A, and a. Enumerate the six trigonometric
ratios at ∠A b=17 c=23

Solution:

a. Since b is the adjacent side of ∠A and c is the hypotenuse, C a B

use CAH in solving the problem.

adjacent
cos Ɵ=
hypotenuse
b
cos A =
c

17 Use scientific calculator in finding the value of cos A.

cos A = To do that, press 0.7391 then press equals. Press
23
cos A = 0.7391 SHIFT COS then press equals.
A = 42.34º

c. Using the Pythagorean Theorem:

a 2 + b2 = c2
a + (17)2 = (23)2
2

a2 + 289 = 529

6
 a2 = 529-289
a2 = 240
a = √ 240
a = 15.49

The six trigonometric ratios at ∠A are:

a 15.49 c 23
sin 42.34º = = csc 42.34º = =
c 23 a 15.49

b 17 c 23
cos 42.34º = = sec 42.34º = =
c 23 b 17

a 15.49 b 17
tan 42.34º = = cot 42.34º = =
b 17 a 15.49

C. How do we identify the six trigonometric ratios of a right triangle given the
length of the hypotenuse and one acute angle?
B
Example:

Triangle BCA is right-angled at C. If c = 27 and

∠A = 58º, find ∠B, b, and a. Enumerate the six
trigonometric ratios at ∠B a c=27

Solution:
5
a. To find B: since ∠B and ∠A are complementary angles, then C b 8 A
º
∠B + ∠A = 90º
∠B = 90º - 58º
∠B = 32º

b. To find b: since b is the adjacent side of ∠A and c is the hypotenuse, then

use CAH.

adjacent b
cos Ɵ= cos 58 º = b = 27(0.5299)
hypotenuse 27
b
cos A = b= 27cos58º b = 14.31
c

c. To find a: since a is the opposite side of ∠A and c is the hypotenuse, use SOH.

opposite a
sin Ɵ= sin 58 º = a = 27(0.8480)
hypotenuse 27
a
sin A = a= 27sin58º a = 22.9
c

7
The six trigonometric ratios at ∠B are:

b 14.31 c 27
sin 32º = = csc 32º = =
c 27 b 14.31

a 22.9 c 27
cos 32º = = sec 32º = =
c 27 a 22.9

b 14.31 a 22.9
tan 32º = = cot 32º = =
a 22.9 b 14.31
D. How do we identify the six trigonometric ratios of a right triangle given the
length of one leg and one acute angle.

Example:

Triangle ACB is right-angled at C. If ∠A = 63º and a = 11 cm, find ∠B, b, and c.

Enumerate the six trigonometric ratios at ∠B.

Solution:

a. To find ∠B, take note that ∠B and ∠A are A

complementary angles. Then, 6
3 c
∠B + ∠A = 90º
∠B = 90º - 63º b º
∠B = 27º

b. To find b: Since b is the adjacent side
and a is the opposite side of ∠A, then
use TOA.
B
C a
c. To find c: Since c is the
hypotenuse and a is the opposite
side of ∠A, then use SOH.

opposite opposite
tanƟ= sin Ɵ=
adjacent hypotenuse
a a
tan A = sin A =
b c

11 11
tan 63º = sin 63º =
b c
b tan 63º = 11 c sin 63º = 11
b (1.9626) = 11 c (0.8910) = 11
11 11
b= c=
1.9626 0.8910

b = 5.60 cm c = 12.35 cm

The six trigonometric ratios at ∠B are:

b 5.60 c 12.35
sin 27º = = csc 27º = =
c 12.35 b 5.60

8
 a 11 c 12.35
cos 27º = = sec 27º = =
c 12.35 a 11

b 5.60 a 11
tan 27º = = cot 27º = =
a 11 b 5.60

E. How do we identify the six trigonometric ratios of a right triangle given the
length of two legs.

Example:

Triangle ACB is right-angled at C. If a = 18.5 and b = 14.2, find ∠A , and c.

Enumerate the six trigonometric ratios at ∠A.
A
Solution:
a. To find c, use Pythagorean Theorem.
c
c2 = a2 + b2
c2 = (18.5)2 + (14.2)2 b=14.2
c2 = 342.25 + 201.64
c2 = 543.89
c = √ 543.89 B
c = 23.32 C a = 18.5

b. To find ∠A: Since a and b are

opposite and adjacent sides of ∠A
respectively, then use TOA.

opposite a
tanƟ= = tan A =
adjacent b

18.5
tan A =
14.2

tan A = 1.3028
Use scientific calculator in finding the value of tan A.
To do that, press 1.3028 then press equals. Press
A = 52.49º SHIFT TAN then press equals.

The six trigonometric ratios at ∠A are:

a 18.5 c 23.32
sin 52.49º = = csc 52.49º = =
c 23.32 a 18.5

b 14.20 c 23.32
cos 52.49º = = sec 52.49º = =
c 23.32 b 14.20

a 18.5 b 14.20
tan 52.49º = = cot 52.49º = =
b 14.20 a 18.5

9
 What’s More
Activity 3. In triangle triangle ABC, find each trigonometric ratio if a = 5, b = 8
and c = 11.

1. sin A = 4. csc B = A

2. cos A = 5. sec B =
b c
3. tan A = 6. cot B =

C a B

What I Have Learned

Match the trigonometric ratio to its corresponding representation.Write your
answer before the number.

Trigonometic Ratio Representation

____________ 1. cotangent opposite

A.
hypotenuse
____________ 2. sine adjacent
B.
hypotenuse
____________ 3. secant opposite
C.
adjacent
____________ 4. tangent hypotenuse
D.
opposte
____________ 5. cosine hypotenuse
E.
adjacent
____________ 6. cosecant adjacent
F.
opposite

What I Can Do
Solve the unknown side for each right triangle ABC with C as the right
angle. Then identify the six trigonometric ratios. The given are as follows:

10
1. A = 76º and a = 13. Find c and b then identify the six trigonometric ratios
at ∠A.

2. B = 18º and a = 18. Find c and b then identify the six trigonometric ratios
at ∠B.

Additional Activities
Use scientific calculator to evaluate the following. Round the answers to the
nearest hundredths.

1. cos 100 = __________ 6. sin 450. = ___________

2. sine 300 = _________ 7. cot 300 = ___________

3. tan 450 = _________ 8. tan 500 = ___________

4. tan 800 = _________ 9. cos 900 = ___________

5. cos 180. = _________ 10. sine 500 = _________

Post-Assessment
MULTIPLE CHOICE: Answer the following questions pertaining to solving problems
involving the Six Trigonometric Ratios. Check your answers when you are finished
with all the questions.

1. What do you call the branch of mathematics that deals with the relations
between the sides and angles of a triangle?
A. Algebra C. Calculus
B. Geometry D. Trigonometry
2. In a right triangle, what do you call the shortest side?
A. Leg C. Longer leg
B. Hypotenuse D. Opposite leg
3. The trigonometric ratio of adjacent leg and the hypotenuse of a right triangle.
A. Sine C. Cosine

11
 B. Tangent D. Cotangent
4. The trigonometric ratio of the acute angle 𝜃 of a right triangle defined by a
cosine is _______________.

A. B. C. D.
5. The six trigonometric ratios are only applicable to what kind of triangle?
A. Acute Triangle C. Obtuse Triangle
B. Right Triangle D. Equilateral Triangle
6. If cosecant is the inverse trigonometric ratio of sine , then what is the inverse
trigonometric ratio of tangent?
A. Cotangent C. Cosecant
B. Tangent D. Secant
7. What is the mnemonic device used to easily remember the primary
trigonometric ratio?
A. CAO-SHA –CHO C. CAH-SOH-TOA
B. SOH- CAH- TOA D. TOA-CAO- SHA

8. In triangle ADG, what is the side adjacent to angle θ ?

A. a C. c
B. d D. g

9. Using the same figure, what is the measure of angle G

if the measure of side a is 10 and the measure of the
hypotenuse d is 15?
A. ∠ G=44.34 ° C. ∠ G=54.34 °
B. ∠ G=48.19 ° D. ∠ G=40.34 °

10. What theorem do you usually use in solving the measure of the sides of a
given right triangle?
A. Pythagorean Theorem C. SAS Similarity Theorem
B. Plato Theorem D. Socrates Theorem

11. Triangle ABC is right – angled at B. If AB= 3cm and BC = 5cm, what is.
the tangent ratio of A to the nearest hundredths.
A. 2.64 B. 3.73 C. 1.67 D. 1.22

12. In the triangle PQR, what is the length of PQ? 20 cm

A. 13. 23 cm B. 5.28 cm C. 9 cm D. 12 cm
13. In the triangle DEF, what is m D to the nearest 15 cm

degree?
A. 26.59° B. 28.07° C. 41.57° D. 31.92°
14. Triangle PQR is right - angled at Q, if p = 30 and q = 60,
what is the measure of ∠P?
A. 20° B. 65° C. 30° D. 65°
15. In item #14 what is the measure of ∠R?
A. 60° B. 55° C. 30° D. 65°

12
 Answer Key

What I Know
1. D 6. D 11.D
2. B 7. B 12.B
3. A 8. D 13.D
4. A 9. A 14.C
5. B 10. A 15.A
What’s In
Activity 1
Figure 1 Figure 2
Acute angles ∠Z , ∠X ∠D, ∠F
Right angle ∠Y ∠E
Longer side x d
Shorter side z f
Hypotenuse y e
What’s New
Activity 2
Reference Adjacent Opposite Hypotenu
angle side side se
Angle A b a c
Angle B a b c
Angle X z x y
Angle Z x z y

What’s More
Activity 3
5 11
1. sin A = 4. csc B =
11 8
8 11
2. cos A = 5. sec B =
11 5

5 5
3. tan A = 6. cot B = 8¿
8
¿
What I Have Learned
1. F 4. C
2. A 5. B
3. E 6. D
What I Can Do 13
1. a = 13, b = 3.14, c = 13.40 2. a = 18, b= 5.84, c = 18.92
13 13.40 5.84
1. sin A = 4. csc A = 1. sin B = 4. csc B =
13.40 13 18.92
18.92
References
Malaborbor, P.B. (2003). Functions. Cubao, Quezon City, Philippines: Educational
Resources Corporation.

Nivera, G. C. (2012).Grade 9 Mathematics Patterns and Practicalities 9. Makati

City, Philippines: Salesiana Books by Don Bosco Press, Inc.

Obana, G. G. (2007). Exploration and Application. Sta. Ana, Manila, Philippines:

Vicarish Publication.

Orines, F. B. et al. Next Century Mathematics. Quezon City, Philippines:

Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

Oronce, O. A. and Mendoza, M. O. (2012). Worktext in Mathematics E-Math 9

(3rd edition). Quezon City, Philippines: Rex Printing Company, Inc.

Tarepe, D. A. and Zara, E. (2012). Practical Mathematics 9. Lipa City,

Philippines: united Eferza Academic Publications, Co.

Villano, M. V. et al. (2012). 21st Century Mathematics: A Vision for a Better

Future. Quezon City, Philippines: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

14
 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
15 Administrative Region
Department of Education – Cordillera
Schools Division of Baguio City
No. 82 Military Cut-off, Baguio City
Telefax: 442-7819