Year- 9 Subject- Mathematics Concept- Ratio & Proportion

This half term we are looking at Ratio and Proportion. We will be focusing on how proportion links to shape, algebra and graphs.
We will also look at compound measures such as speed, density and pressure.
Key Word & Definition Examples Real-life applications Using proportionality formulae p is directly It takes 4 men 10
Identities, equations and quadratics proportional to q. days to build a brick
Direct Proportion It takes 4 hours Direct: y = kx or y ∝ x wall. How many
When p = 12, q = 4. days will it take 20
travelling at 50 mph
to complete journey. Inverse: y = k/x or y ∝ 1/x men?
If two quantities are in direct Find p when q = 20.
proportion, as one increases, How long will it take
to travel at 80 mph. 1. Solve to find k using the pair The more men (m),
the other increases by the same
the less time (t) it
percentage. of values in the question. 1. p = kq
50 will take. This
×4 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 = 2. Rewrite the equation using means this is an
If y is directly proportional to x, 80 the k you have just found. 12 = k x 4
inverse proportion
this can be written as y ∝ x 3. Substitute the other given so k = 3 problem
= 2.5 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
value from the question in to
An equation of the form y=kx the equation to find the missing 𝑘
value. 𝑚=
represents direct proportion, 𝑡
2. p = 3q
where k is the constant of
MathsWatch R8 𝑘
proportionality. 3. p = 3 x 20 = 60, so 4=
p = 60 10
Inverse Proportion
MathsWatch R8 𝑘 = 4 ×10 = 40
If two quantities are inversely Direct Proportion with powers
40
proportional, as one increases, 𝑚=
𝑡
the other decreases by the Graphs showing direct
same percentage. proportion can be written in 40
the form y=kx^n 20 =
𝑡
If y is inversely proportional to Direct proportion graphs will
x, this can be written as y ∝1/x always start at the origin. 40
𝑡=
20
An equation of the form y=k/x
𝑡 = 2 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
represents inverse proportion. MathsWatch R13
It would take 20
men 2 days to build
the wall .
 Year- 9 Subject- Mathematics Concept- Ratio & Proportion
Identities, equations and quadratics Congruency and similar triangles
Inverse Proportion with MathsWatch A28 Similar Shapes Scale factors are
powers part of an
Shapes are similar if they are Enlargement which
Graphs showing inverse the same shape but different link to Similar
proportion can be written in sizes. shapes. Many
the form y=k/x^n similar shapes can
The proportion of the
Inverse proportion graphs be seen in nature
matching sides must be the
will never start at the origin. and in architecture.
same, meaning the ratios of
Congruence and Similarity corresponding sides are all
Congruent Shapes Many modern equal.
structures have Scale Factor
Shapes are congruent if congruent shapes.
they are identical - same The ratio of corresponding
shape and same size. sides of two similar shapes.

Shapes can be rotated or To find a scale factor, divide a

reflected but still be length on one shape by the Scale Factor
congruent. corresponding length on a
similar shape.
= 15 ÷ 10 =
Congruent Triangles
4 ways of proving that
1.5
Similar Triangles
two triangles are
congruent: To show that two triangles
are similar, show that:
1. SSS (Side, Side, Side)
1. The three sides are in the
2. RHS (Right angle,
same proportion
Hypotenuse, Side)
2. Two sides are in the same
3. SAS (Side, Angle, Side)
proportion, and their included
4. ASA (Angle, Side, Angle) angle is the same
or AAS These triangles are
3. The three angles are equal
similar as they have 3
ASS does not prove
MathsWatch G31 MathsWatch G31 equal angles
congruency.
 Year- 9
This half term we are looking at Ratio and Proportion. We will be focusing on how proportion links to shape, algebra and graphs.
Key Word & Definition
Compound Measures
Metric System
A system of measures based on: metres
-the metre for length
-the kilogram for mass
-the second for time
Length: mm, cm, m, km
Mass: mg, g, kg
Volume: ml, cl, l
Imperial System
A system of weights and
measures originally developed
in England, usually based on
human quantities
Length: inch, foot, yard, miles
Mass: lb, ounce, stone
Volume: pint, gallon
Metric and Imperial Units
Use the unitary method to
convert between metric and
imperial units.
Subject- Mathematics Concept- Ratio & Proportion
We will also look at compound measures such as speed, density and pressure.
Examples Real-life applications Speed, Distance, Time Speed = 4mph It is assumed a car drives
75 miles at an average
1kilometres=1000 Time = 2 hours speed of 25 mph. If the
Speed = Distance ÷ Time
Distance = Speed x Time car set off at 8:00am and
Time = Distance ÷ Speed did not stop. What time
1 metre=100 Find the Distance. did they arrive at the
centimetres destination?
1 centimetre=10 𝐷 75
millimetres D=S×T=4×2=8 𝑇= =
miles 𝑆 25
Remember the correct = 3 𝐻𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
MathsWatch R11a
1 kilogram=1000 grams units.
Therefore they would
MathsWatch N7a Density, Mass, Volume Density = 8kg/m³ arrive at 11:00am.
Mass = 2000g = 2kg
Density = Mass ÷ Volume
1lb=16 ounces
1 foot=12 inches Mass = Density x Volume Find the Volume.
1 gallon=8 pints Volume = Mass ÷ Density
𝑉 = 𝑀 ÷ 𝐷
MathsWatch R2 = 2 ÷ 8
= 0.25𝑚³
Remember the correct
5 miles≈8 kilometres units
Mathswatch R11b
1 gallon≈4.5 litres
2.2 pounds≈1 kilogram
1 inch=2.5 centimetres
 Year- 9
This half term we are looking at Ratio and Proportion. We will be focusing on how proportion links to shape, algebra and graphs.
Key Word & Definition
Compound Measures
Pressure, Force, Area
Pressure = Force ÷ Area
Force = Pressure x Area
Area = Force ÷ Pressure
Remember the correct units.
Distance-Time Graphs
You can find the speed from the
gradient of the line (Distance ÷
Time)
The steeper the line, the
quicker the speed.
A horizontal line means the
object is not moving
(stationary).
Subject- Mathematics Concept- Ratio & Proportion
We will also look at compound measures such as speed, density and pressure.
Examples Real-life applications
Pressure = 10 If an object has a weight
Pascals (force) of 100 N and the
surface area of the face that is
Area = 6cm² applying the pressure is
0.1 𝑚! , then the pressure will
be:
Find the Force
𝐹 100
𝑃= = Using the points shown the rise is
𝐴 0.1
400m and the run is 2 minutes.
F=P×A To find the slope you divide 400 by
= 1000 𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑠
2. The slope is 200m per minute, so
=10×6=60 N the movement has a constant speed
If you change the surface of
the same object in which of 200m per min as it is a straight
pressure is applied, to a line.
surface area of 0.01𝑚! . Then
the pressure will be:
See over to the
right
𝐹 100
𝑃= =
𝐴 0.01
= 10000 𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑠
So, although the force is the
same when the area changes,
so does the pressure.
Mathswatch A21a