1. have a shaft with heads at both 1.

Long bones
ends.
2. Bones are classified according to 2. long
shape into four groups: short
flat
irregular
3. composed of small needlelike 3. Spongy bones
pieces of bone and lots of open
space.
4. are cylindrical arrangements of 4. haversian systems
osteocytes within the matrix.
5. Blood cell formation occurs within 5. marrow cavities of certain bones
the
6. Skeleton comes from the Greek 6. dried-up body
word meaning
7. Fat is stored in the 7. internal (marrow) cavities of
bones
8. Bone itself serves as a 8. calcium and phosphorus
storehouse for minerals, the most
important of which are
9. often contains red bone marrow 9. Spongy bone
10. form within tendons and are a 10. sesamoid bones
special type of short bone.
11. have two thin layers of compact 11. Flat bones
bone sandwiching a layer of
spongy bone between them.
12. Bone matrix are made of 12. calcium carbonate
- calcium phosphate
13. regulate the amount of calcium in 13. Osteocytes
the bone matrix.
14. are bones that do not fit one of 14. Irregular Bones
the preceding categories
15. Long bones are mostly what type 15. compact bones
of bone?
16. Long bones consists of a 16. diaphysis
- epiphyses
17. makes up most of the bone’s 17. diaphysis or shaft
length
18. are thin, flattened, and usually 18. Flat bones
curved.
19. Bones of the wrist and ankle are 19. short bones
20. Vertebrae is what classification of 20. Irregular bones
bone
21. Bones of the arms, legs, hands, 21. Long bones
and feet.
22. bones of the skull, the ribs, and 22. Flat bones
the sternum (breastbone) are
23. are generally cube-shaped and 23. Short bones
contain mostly spongy bone.
24. All the bones of the limbs are 24. long bones
25. Long bones that are made of 25. Epiphyses
spongy bone
26. secure the periosteum to the 26. Perforating or Sharpey’s fibers
underlying bone.
27. two categories of bone markings 27. - Projections or processes
- Depressions or cavities
28. The inner bony surface of the 28. - spongy bone of flat bones
shaft is covered by _______. - epiphysis of some long bones
29. Diaphysis is covered and 29. endosteum
protected by a fibrous connective
tissue membrane, the ____.
30. are the ends of the long bone. 30. Periosteum
31. is glassy hyaline cartilage, it 31. Epiphyses
provides a smooth, slippery
surface that decreases friction at
joint surfaces
32. are indentations in the bone. 32. Articular cartilage
33. In adults, the cavity of the shaft is 33. Depressions or cavities
primarily a storage area for
adipose (fat) tissue called
34. a thin line of bony tissue 34. yellow marrow or medullary cavity
spanning the epiphysis.

35. Red marrow is confined to 35. Epiphyseal line

cavities in the
36. A category of bone markings 36. Projections or processes
which grow out from the bone
surface.
37. a flat plate of hyaline cartilage 37. Epiphyseal line

38. Narrow ridge of bone; usually 38. Crest

prominent
39. Narrow ridge of bone; less 39. Line
prominent than a crest
40. Sharp, slender, often pointed 40. Spine
projection
41. Small, rounded projection or 41. Tubercle
process
42. Large, rounded projection: may 42. Tuberosity
be roughened
43. Very large, blunt, irregularly 43. Trochanter
shaped process
44. Any bony prominence 44. Process
45. Armlike bar of bone 45. Ramus
46. Furrow 46. Groove
47. Narrow, slitlike opening 47. Fissure
48. Raised area on or above a 48. Epicondyle
condyle
49. bony expansion carried on a 49. head
narrow neck
50. Rounded articular projection 50. condyle
51. Indentation at the edge of a 51. notch
structure
52. Smooth, nearly flat articular 52. facet
surface
53. Canal like passageway 53. meatus
54. Shallow, basin like depression in 54. Fossa
a bone, often serving as an
articular surface
55. Round or oval opening through a 55. Foramen
bone
56. Cavity within a bone, filled with 56. Sinus
air and lined with mucous
membrane
57. Depression and opening for 57. - Groove
passage of blood vessels and - Fissure
nerves: (4) - Foramen
- Notch
58. Projections that are sites of 58. - Tuberosity
muscle and ligament attachment - Crest
(8) - Trochanter
- Line
- Tubercle
- Epicondyle
- spine
- process
59. Projections that help to form 59. - Head
joints - Facet
- Condyle
- Ramus
60. Other depressions and openings 60. - Meatus
(3) - Sinus
- Fossa
61. is riddled with passageways 61. Compact bone tissue
carrying nerves, blood vessels,
and the like, which provide the
living bone cells with nutrients
and a route for waste disposal.
62. Osteocytes are found within the 62. lacunae
matrix in tiny cavities called
63. bone forming cells 63. osteoblasts
64. run lengthwise through the bony 64. Central canals
matrix, carrying blood vessels
and nerves to all areas of the
bone.
65. Each complex consisting of 65. Osteon or haversian system
central canal and matrix rings is
called an
66. The communication pathway 66. perforating (Volkmann’s) canals
from the outside of the bone to its
interior (and the central canals) is
completed by
67. remove bone from the inner face 67. osteoclasts in the endosteum
of the diaphysis wall.
68. This process by which bones 68. appositional growth
increase in diameter is called
69. The lacunae are arranged in 69. lamellae
concentric circles called
70. radiate outward from the central 70. canaliculi
canals to all lacunae.
71. add bone tissue to the external 71. Osteoblasts
face of the diaphysis.
72. Bones are remodeled continually 72. - calcium levels in the
in response to changes in two blood
factors: - pull of gravity and muscles on the
skeleton.
73. blood calcium levels are too high 73. hypercalcemia
74. determines when (or if ) bone is 74. PTH
to be broken down or formed in
response to the need for more or
fewer calcium ions in the blood.
75. A fracture in which the bone 75. Closed (or simple) fracture
breaks cleanly but does not
penetrate the skin is
76. What activates osteoclasts 76. PTH
77. giant bone-destroying cells in 77. osteoclasts
bones
78. is essential if bones are to retain 78. Bone remodeling
normal proportions and strength
during long-bone growth as the
body increases in size and
weight.
79. realignment of the broken bone 79. Reduction
ends.
80. The repair of bone fractures 80. 1. Hematoma forms
involves four major events: 2. Fibrocartilage
callus forms
3. Bony callus forms
4. Bone remodeling
occurs
81. When blood calcium levels are 81. Hard calcium salts
too high, calcium is deposited in
bone matrix as
82. surgery is performed, and the 82. Open reduction
bone ends are secured together
with pins or wires.
83. axial skeleton can be divided into 83. - skull
three parts - vertebral column
- thoracic cage
84. The skull is formed by two sets of 84. - Cranium
bones. What are these? - facial bones
85. is a thin bridge of bone that joins 85. Zygomatic process
with the cheekbone anteriorly.
86. form most of the superior and 86. Parietal bones
lateral walls of the cranium.
87. encloses and protects the fragile 87. Cranium
brain tissue.
88. a rough projection posterior and 88. Mastoid process
inferior to the external acoustic
meatus.
89. is at the junction of the occipital 89. Jugular foramen
and temporal bones.
90. is a canal that leads to the 90. external acoustic meatus
eardrum and the middle ear.
91. forms the forehead, the bony 91. frontal bone
projections under the eyebrows,
and the superior part of each
eye’s orbit.
92. hold the eyes in an anterior 92. Facial bones
position and allow the facial
muscles to show our feelings
through smiles or frowns.
93. The cranium is composed of how 93. eight large flat bones
many bones?
94. Bones of the skull are joined 94. sutures
together by
95. inferior to the external auditory 95. styloid process
meatus.
96. provides an attachment site for 96. Mastoid process
some muscles of the neck.
97. the largest vein in the head 97. jugular vein
98. a high-risk spot for infections 98. middle ear
99. Mastoid sinuses are so close to 99. Mastoiditis
the middle ear that they may
become infected too, a condition
called
100. at the junction of the occipital 100. Jugular foramen
and temporal bones, allows
passage of the jugular vein.
101. transmits cranial nerves VII 101. internal acoustic meatus
and VIII

102. through which the internal 102. carotid canal

carotid artery runs, supplying
blood to most of the brain.
103. allows the spinal cord to 103. foramen magnum
connect with the brain.
104. forms a snug enclosure for 104. sella turcica or Turk’s saddle
the pituitary gland.
105. forms the roof of the nasal 105. ethmoid bone
cavity and part of the medial
walls of the orbits.
106. holey areas of crista galli 106. cribriform plates
107. How many bones compose 107. fourteen (14) bones
the face?
108. very irregularly shaped and 108. ethmoid bone
lies anterior to the sphenoid.
109. allows the optic nerve to pass 109. optic canal
to the eye.
110. Lateral to the foramen 110. foramen magnum
magnum on each side are the
rockerlike ______.
111. It forms the base and back 111. occipital bone
wall of the skull.
112. occipital condyles rest on the 112. first vertebra of the spinal column
_______.
113. In the midline of the sphenoid 113. sella turcica or Turk’s saddle
is a small depression called
114. a large oval opening in line
with the posterior end of the sella 114. foramen ovale
turcica, allows fibers of cranial
nerve V to pass to the chewing
muscles of the lower jaw
(mandible).
115. Nerve V
116. nerve VII 115. trigeminal nerve
117. Neve VIII 116. facial nerve
117. vestibulocochlear nerve
118. Anterior to the jugular
foramen on the skull’s inferior 118. carotid canal
aspect is the
119. Projecting from the ethmoid
bone superior surface is the 119. crista galli
_____.
120. form part of the lateral walls
of the nasal cavity and increase 120. superior and middle nasal conchae
the turbulence of air flowing
through the nasal passages.
121. allow nerve fibers carrying
impulses from the olfactory 121. cribriform plates
(smell) receptors of the nose to
reach the brain.
122. crista galli means
123. The central part of the 122. cock’s comb
sphenoid bone is riddled with air 123. sphenoidal sinuses
cavities is the
124. through which the cranial
nerves controlling eye 124. superior orbital fissure
movements
125. Extensions of the ethmoid 125. superior and middle nasal conchae
bone