PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique)

PERT is a variation on Critical Path Analysis that takes a slightly more skeptical view of time estimates made for each project stage. To use it,
estimate the shortest possible time each activity will take, the most likely length of time, and the longest time that might be taken if the
activity takes longer than expected.

Use the formula below to calculate the time to use for each project stage:

shortest time + 4 x likely time + longest time

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6
This helps to bias time estimates away from the unrealistically short time-scales normally assumed.

Key Points:

Critical Path Analysis is an effective and powerful method of assessing:

• What tasks must be carried out.

• Where parallel activity can be performed.

• The shortest time in which you can complete a project.

• Resources needed to execute a project.

• The sequence of activities, scheduling and timings involved.

• Task priorities.

• The most efficient way of shortening time on urgent projects.

An effective Critical Path Analysis can make the difference between success and failure on complex projects. It can be very useful for assessing
the importance of problems faced during the implementation of the plan.

PERT is a variant of Critical Path Analysis that takes a more skeptical view of the time needed to complete each project stage.
Activity 1: Gantt & PERT

ACTIVITY IMMEDIATE TIME

PREDECESSORS (min)…
A - 20 -

B A 40

C B 90
D C 40

E D 10

F E 80
A

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310
Activity 2: Gantt & PERT

ACTIVITY TIME (min) Predecessor

A ULOAD THE 20 -
WOOD
B MEASURE THE 40 A
WOOD
C CUT THE WOOD 90 B
D GLUE THE 40 B
WOOD
E WAIT FOR THE 10 A,D
GLUE TO DRY
F PAINT THE 80 C,E
WOOD

1. Gantt Chart

a. Draw a Gantt chart to show the relationship of activities (4)

b. Show the duration of the activities (12)

c. Which elements will be complete after 9 weeks? (2)

[18]

2. PERT

a. Draw a network to show the relationship of activities (4)

b. Calculate the ES, EF, LS, LF, SLACK, and CP (36)

c. What is critical path? Which elements are parts of CP? (4)

Activity 3: Gantt & PERT

ACTIVITY DISCRIPTION IMMEDIATE TIME

PREDECESSORS
A Build internal - 2
 components
B Modify roof and - 3
floor
C Construct A 2
collection stack
D Pour concrete and B 4
install frame
E Build high- C 4
temperature
burner
F Install control C 3
system
G Install air pollution D, E 5
device
H Inspect and test F,G 2

Activity 4: Gantt & PERT

ACTIVITY IMMEDIATE TIME-days
 PREDECESSORS
A - - 25
B A A 30
C - - 20
D B B 45
E B B 40
F C C 35
G E,F D, E 55
H G F,G 62
I D B,E,F 25
J H C,G 10
K I,J B,I 5
L K H,I,J,K 50
Activity 5: Gantt & PERT

2.1. Draw u the network to show the relationship of activities (5)h

2.2. Estimate the ES, EF, LS, LF, SLACK, CP (36)

2.3. List all activities found in CP. What is the total duration CP? (2) B, E, G, J, L = 33

ACTIVITIES Predece Duration ES EF LS LF slack CP

ssors (weeks)
A - 6 0 6 1 7 1 N
B - 5 0 5 0 5 0 Y
C A 3 6 9 19 21 12 N
D A 2 6 8 7 9 1 N
E B 4 5 9 5 9 0 Y
F B 10 5 15 14 24 9 N
G D,E 12 9 21 9 21 0 Y
H D,E 8 9 17 20 28 11 N
I D,E 9 9 18 15 24 6 N
J CG 7 21 28 21 28 0 Y
K I,F 4 18 22 24 28 6 N
L H,J,K 5 28 33 28 33 0 Y

Activity 6: Gantt & PERT

ACTIVITY Predecessors DURATION ES EF LS LF SLACK CP

 (Weeks)

A. - 4 0 4

B. - 4 0 4

C. - 13 0 13

D. - 7 0 7

E. - 5 0 5

F. A 8 4 12

G. B 5 4 9

H. C 9 13 22

I. C 12 13 25

J. C 5 13 18

K. D 6 7 13

L. E 6 5 11

M. F,G,H 6 22 28

N. J,K,L 2 18 20

O. I,M 8 28 36

P. N.O 9 36 45
2.1. Draw a network to show the relationship of activities (4)

2.2 Calculate the ES, EF, LS, LF, SLACK, and CP (48)

2.3. What is a critical path? The longest path along the network (2)

Which elements are parts of CP? C, H, M, O and P (2)

 ACTIVITY PREDECESSOR WEEKS ES EF LS LS SLACK CP
A - 6 0 6 7 13 7 N
B - 4 0 4 5 9 5 N
C - 2 0 2 0 2 0 Y
D C 7 2 9 2 9 0 Y
E B,D 4 9 13 9 13 0 Y
F A,E 10 13 23 13 23 0 Y
G A,E 2 13 15 16 18 3 N
H F 6 23 29 23 29 0 Y
I G 11 15 26 18 29 3 N
Activity J C 16 2 18 13 29 11 N 6: Gantt
& PERT K H,I,J 8 29 37 29 37 0 Y
 CP

A,F,H,K 30

A,G,I,K 27

B,E,G,I,K 29

B,E,F,H,K 27

C,D,E,F,H,K 37

C,D,E,G,I,K 34

C,J,K 26
2.1 Gantt Chart
a. Draw a Gantt chart to show the relationship of activities (5)
b. Show the duration of the activities (10)
A= 0-6, B= 0-4, C=0-2, D=2-9, E=9-13, F=13-23, G=13-15 H=23-29 I=15-26 J=2-18 K=29-37
c. Which elements will be complete after 25 WEEKS? A,B,C,D,E,F,G,J
(2)

3.1. Draw a network to show the relationship of activities (5)

3.2. Calculate the ES, EF, LS, LF, SLACK, and CP (27)
3.3. What is critical path? Which elements are parts of CP? C,D,E,F,H,K= 37
(4)