핵심

1. 한 문단에 중심 내용은 하나 (반복/ 다양한 방식 반복)

2. 전개 구조 (역접, 예시, 인과, 비교/대조, 열거)

3. 주요 표현 (첫/마지막 문장, 대명사, 명령/중요/부정 표현,

질문/답변, 문제/해결, When/If/By/To ~ . +/-)

4. 오답 선지 분석 (지엽적, 지문 내용과 무관)

5. 정답 선지 분석 (함축, 은유, 의문, 명령, 관용 표현)

푸는 법
1. 주장. 요지부터 풀어라 (한글 선지)

2. 밑줄, 주제, 제목 중 접속사가 눈에 보이는 문제부터 풀어라

(전형적인 전개 구조)

- 최근 접속사는 없지만 전형적인 전개 구조를 가진 문제들이

많이 출제되고 있다.

3. 지문을 독해하면서 같은 말의 반복 또는 다양한 방식으로

반복(문맥상 동의어)을 찾아라.

4. 평가원이 의도적으로 삽입하는 어려운 문장에 당황하지 마라.

결국 같은 말을 반복하고 있을 것이다.

5. 중심 내용을 한글로 짧게 적어라.

6. 중심 내용을 파악했고 뒷부분에 역접 접속사가 없다면 과감하

게 선지 분석으로 넘어가라.

7. 소거법을 이용하자. (오답 선지를 X 표시)

8. 매력적인 오답이 분명히 존재한다. 확실하지 않으면 승부를

걸지 마라.

9. 정답 선지에 지문 내용이 그대로 있으면 좋겠지만 변형해서

출제하는 경우 많다. (다양한 방식으로 반복, 다의어 등)

- 1 -
역접 반복되는 어구 (다양한 방식으로)
- But, However, Yet, Nevertheless, Still, Even so, Though, - 같은 단어/문장 반복 or 다양한 방식으로 반복
Although, Rather, not A but B, no longer A but B

접속사가 없어도 역접 구조 대명사 처리 (they/it 등)

- / / / or - - 핵심 문장에 대명사가 있는 경우가 많다. it 같은 대명사는
자칫 대충 해석하고 넘어갈 수 있는데 지칭하는 바가 무엇인
conventional wisdom, common idea, since ~ 지 정확하게 해석하는 것이 매우 중요하다.
in the past, before, now, some people ~
명령 표현 (명령어, must, should, have to, Let 등)
예시 - 명령 표현이 들어간 문장은 필자의 의도를 강하게 드러내기
- For example, For instance, For an illustration 때문에 정확하게 파악하는 것이 매우 중요하다.

접속사가 없어도 예시 구조
중요 표현 (important, essential, significant,
- , , , , , critical, vital, crucial, necessary 등)
Consider, Imagine, Picture ( ) ( ) - 중요 표현이 들어간 문장은 핵심 내용을 가질 가능성이 매우
높다. 또한 요구, 요청, 필요 등을 표현하는 require, ask,
if~, when~ need to도 중요하다.

인과 부정 표현 (no, not, none, 이중 부정)

- So, Therefore, Thus, Consequently, Hence, - 모든 부정 표현이 중요한 것은 아니다. 그러나 기출문제에서
As a result, Accordingly, For that[this] reason 의도적인 부정 표현이 많이 보인다. 예를 들어 ‘A는 좋다’라고
서술하면 되는 걸 'A의 반대인 B는 좋지 않다‘라고 서술, 또는
이중 부정 표현을 활용하여 'A 하지 않는 것은 좋지 않다.’식
비교/대조 으로 표현한다. 결국 핵심 내용은 ‘A는 좋다’이다. 부정 표현을
통해 여러분의 독해에 혼란을 주는 문제가 매우 많으니 꼭
- On the other hand, On the contrary, While, Whereas, 명심하자. 또 mistake, error처럼 부정적 뉘앙스(-)도 조심하자.
In contrast, Otherwise, Unlike, Compared to

질문/답변, 문제/해결
열거 - 평가원의 모든 글은 통일성과 완결성, 응집성을 가진다. 지문
- Furthermore, Moreover, In addition, Besides, 전개 과정에서 질문을 던지면 답변을 준다. 그 답변이 지문의
Likewise, Plus, Also, And, Another N 핵심 내용인 경우가 매우 많다. 마찬가지로, 글의 전개 과정에
서 문제점을 던지면 해결책을 제시한다. 그 해결책이 지문의
핵심 내용인 경우가 많다. 간혹, 풀리지 않는 문제 자체가
핵심 내용인 경우도 있다.

오답 선지 When/If/By/To ~, +/-
- 내용과 무관, 일부 관련 있지만 지엽적or일반적 - 부사절(조건절)을 주의하자. When/If ~ (한다면),
By ~(함으로써), TO ~ (하기 위하여) 등 조건절 뒤 주절에

정답 선지 (+) 긍정 표현이 나오면 핵심은 ‘~ 해라 ’ 또는 ‘~ 좋다 ’

(-) 부정 표현이 나오면 핵심은 ‘~ 하지 마라’ 또는 ‘~ 안 좋다’
- 의문형, 명령형, 함축, 은유, 관용적 표현, 다의어
특히 When/If 는 정말 많이 나온다. 의식하며 독해하자.
(의문형 정답 선지의 답변은 지문의 핵심 내용)

- 2 -
 예시
Official definitions of sport have important implications. When
a definition emphasizes rules, competition, and high performance,
many people will be excluded from participation or avoid other
physical activities that are defined as “second class.”
For example, when a 12-year-old is cut from an exclusive club
soccer team, she may not want to play in the local league because
she sees it as “recreational activity” rather than a real sport. This
can create a situation in which most people are physically

접속사가 없어도 예시 구조 inactive at the same time that a small number of people perform
at relatively high levels for large numbers of fans a situation
that negatively impacts health and increases health-care costs in
a society or community. When sport is defined to include a wide
- /
range of physical activities that are played for pleasure and
, , , , , , , , , integrated into local expressions of social life, physical activity
rates will be high and overall health benefits are likely.
, , , ,

( )

- / -

( / / ), , , ,
, , , , , ,

연결사(예: For example)가 제시된 경우 앞부분에 제시된

일반적인 원리나 진술을 정확하게 파악하는 것이 중요하다.

- 예시 접속사 뒷부분도 읽어야 한다! 다만, 핵심 내용, 중심 내용은

예시 접속사 앞부분에 위치할 확률이 높다.

- 예시 접속사가 없이 예시의 전개 구조를 가진 지문도 있다. 접속

사가 없더라도 지문 독해 시 연구/실험/조사/인물 등 예시를 드는
부분이 보이면 반응해야한다.

- 2016학년도 9월 모의고사 23번

Yuhong Jiang, professor of psychology at Harvard University,
- 2019학년도 9월 모의고사 22번
In 2008, American food and wine critics ~
- 2021학년도 3월 모의고사 24번
Western Union famously passed on ~ definition 정의 implication 함의, 암시 emphasize 강조하다
exclude 배제하다 participation 참가, 참여 exclusive 상위의, 배타적인,
독점적인 recreational 오락의 inactive 비활동적인 relatively 상대적으로
negatively 부정적으로 integrate 융합하다, 통합하다 overall 전반적인

- 3 -
 “a link in a chain, a phase in a process”
? Conveniently, experiments can separate and realign face and
Psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi suggests that the
common idea of a creative individual coming up with great
insights, discoveries, works, or inventions in isolation is wrong.
Creativity results from a complex interaction between a person
and his or her environment or culture, and also depends on
timing. For instance, if the great Renaissance artists like
Ghiberti or Michelangelo had been born only 50 years before
they were, the culture of artistic patronage would not have been in
place to fund or shape their great achievements. Consider also
individual astronomers: Their discoveries could not have
happened unless centuries of technological development of the
telescope and evolving knowledge of the universe had come
before them. Csikszentmihalyi’s point is that we should devote
as much attention to the development of a domain as we do to
the people working within it, as only this can properly explain
how advances are made. Individuals are only “a link in a chain,
a phase in a process,” he notes.
Individuals’ creativity results only from good fortune.
Discoveries can be made only due to existing knowledge.
One’s genius is a key element of a series of breakthroughs.
Individuals receive no credit for their creative achievements.
Individual creativity emerges only in its necessary conditions.
Normally, bodies and faces work together as integrated units.
body. When face and body express the same emotion,
assessments are accurate. If face and body express
different emotions, the body carries more weight than the face
in judging emotions. When they conflict, emotion expressed by
the body can override and even reverse emotion expressed by
the face. A striking example comes from competitive tennis
matches. Players typically react strongly to points they win or
lose. When a winning body is paired with a losing face, people
see the reaction as positive. And vice versa: when a losing
body is paired with a winning face, people interpret the reaction
as negative. Impressions go with the body when the face and
the body conflict. In these cases, the face alone, without the
body, even when viewed close up in a photograph, is not
reliably judged for positive or negative affect.
Never-ending Conflicts Between Body and Face
Use Both Face and Body for Rich Emotional Expression
Reading Facial Expressions: A Key to Avoiding Mistakes
Nonverbal Language Is More Important in Communication
Body vs. Face: Which Do We Rely on in Judging Emotions?

integrate 융합하다, 통합하다 unit 단위 Conveniently 편의상

assessment 평가 accurate 정확한 carry weight 중요하다, 영향력 있다
come up with ~을 생각해내다 insight 통찰력 in isolation 홀로
override ~보다 더 중요하다[우선하다], 기각[무시]하다 striking 눈에
interaction 상호작용 fund 자금, 자금을 제공하다 individual 개인,
띄는, 현저한 typically 보통, 전형적으로 be paired with 짝을 이루다
개개[각각]의 astronomer 천문학자 telescope 망원경
(And) vice versa 반대도 마찬가지 Impressions 감상, 인상
devote 헌신하다, 바치다 domain 분야, 영역 properly 적절히
reliably 확실하게
phase 단계, 국면 fortune 운 breakthroughs 돌파구

- 4 -
 Problem framing amounts to defining what problem you are
proposing to solve. This is a critical activity because the frame
you choose strongly influences your understanding of the
problem, thereby conditioning your approach to solving it. For an
illustration, consider Thibodeau and Broditsky’s series of
experiments in which they asked people for ways to reduce crime
in a community. They found that the respondents’ suggestions
changed significantly depending on whether the metaphor used
to describe crime was as a virus or as a beast. People presented
with a metaphor comparing crime to a virus invading their city
emphasized prevention and addressing the root causes of the
problem, such as eliminating poverty and improving education.
On the other hand, people presented with the beast metaphor
focused on remediations: increasing the size of the police force
and prisons.
importance of asking the right questions for better solutions
difficulty of using a metaphor to find solutions to a problem
reasons why problem framing prevents solutions from appearing
usefulness of preventive measures in reducing community crime
effect of problem framing on approaching and solving problems
framing 구조화 amount to ~에 해당하다, ~과 마찬가지이다
thereby 그로 인해, 그렇게 함으로써 condition 결정하다, 좌우하다,
영향을 미치다 metaphor 은유 beast 짐승 invade 침략하다
eliminate 제거하다 poverty 가난 remediation 복원, 교정 (조치)
- 5 -
The key to successful risk taking is to understand that the
actions you’re taking should be the natural next step. One of
the mistakes we often make when confronting a risk situation
is our tendency to focus on the end result. Skiers who are
unsure of themselves often do this. They’ll go to the edge of a
difficult slope, look all the way down to the bottom, and
determine that the slope is too steep for them to try. The ones
that decide to make it change their focus by analyzing what
they need to do to master the first step, like getting through
the first mogul on the hill. Once they get there, they
concentrate on the next mogul, and over the course of the run,
they end up at the bottom of what others thought was an
impossible mountain.
Separating the Possible from the Impossible
Focus on the Next Step, Not the Final Result
Start with Ultimate Goals in Mind!
The Wonders of Committed Efforts
Success Through Risk Avoidance
risk taking 위험 감수 confront ~에 맞닥뜨리다 tendency 경향
edge 끝 difficult slope 급경사 steep 가파른
concentrate on ~에 집중하다 wonder 기적, 경탄, 궁금해하다
 Effective coaches prioritize. They focus on a single task
instead of trying to multitask. They understand that
multitasking is another way of saying you are going to
complete several tasks, none of which are going to be very
good. Yuhong Jiang, professor of psychology at Harvard
University, points out that the brain isn’t built to concentrate
on two things at once. It works more slowly if it tries to.
Effective coaches focus on those things that need to get done
and separate out everything else. Separating what’s important
from what’s not important is prioritizing. Ineffective coaches
fail to put the big tasks first. They either believe they have
unlimited time, thinking that they will have more time
tomorrow to get something done, or they underestimate how
much time they really do have. They have no ability to
estimate how long a task will take.

How Effective Coaches Approach Tasks

Why Psychologists Support Multitasking
New Horizons of Research on Brain Science
Prioritizing Leads to Inefficiency in Performance
Everything Has Side Effects, But Not Multitasking!

- 정답

Effective 유능한 prioritize 우선 순위를 두다 task 일, 과제

multitask 다중 작업을 하다 complete 완수하다 at once 한꺼번에
separate out ~을 분리[구분]하다 underestimate 과소평가하다
estimate 추정하다 inefficiency 비능률 side effect 부작용
horizon 지평선, 수평선

- 6 -