EEE1001 – ELECTRICAL Abhishek Joshi

School of EEE,
CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS VIT Bhopal
L1 - DEPENDENT SOURCES
VCVS
CCCS
VCCS
CCVS
VCVS
A voltage-controlled voltage source (VCVS) is a four-terminal
network component that establishes a voltage 𝑣𝑣𝑐𝑐𝑑𝑑 between two
points 𝑐𝑐 and 𝑑𝑑 in the circuit that is proportional to a voltage 𝑣𝑣𝑎𝑎𝑏𝑏
between two points 𝑎𝑎 and 𝑏𝑏
VCCS
A voltage-controlled voltage source (VCVS) is a four-terminal
network component that establishes a voltage 𝑣𝑣𝑐𝑐𝑑𝑑 between two
points 𝑐𝑐 and 𝑑𝑑 in the circuit that is proportional to a voltage 𝑣𝑣𝑎𝑎𝑏𝑏
between two points 𝑎𝑎 and 𝑏𝑏
CCVS
A current-controlled voltage source (CCVS) is a four-terminal
network component that establishes a voltage 𝑣𝑣𝑐𝑐𝑑𝑑 between two
points 𝑐𝑐 and 𝑑𝑑 in the circuit that is proportional to the current 𝑖𝑖𝑎𝑎𝑏𝑏
in a branch of the circuit
CCCS
A current-controlled current source (CCCS) is a four-terminal
network component that establishes a current 𝑖𝑖𝑐𝑐𝑑𝑑 in a branch of
the circuit that is proportional to a current 𝑖𝑖𝑎𝑎𝑏𝑏 in some branch of
the network.
L2 – ELECTRIC CIRCUITS – BASIC LAWS
• Ohm’s Law
• Circuit Terminologies – Nodes, Branches, Loops
• Kirchhoff's Laws – KCL, KVL
• Series Parallel Connection – Voltage Current Division
• Star-Delta Transformations
OHM’S LAW
• Ohm’s law states that the voltage (v) across a resistor is directly
proportional to the current (i) flowing through the resistor.
• Not all resistors obey Ohm’s law
• A resistor that obeys Ohm’s law is known as a linear resistor.

•A nonlinear resistor does not obey Ohm’s law.

• Nonlinear resistance varies with current
• Power consumed by a Resistor :
CIRCUIT TERMINOLOGIES
Branch = Single element such as voltage/current source or resistor
Node = Point of connection between two or more branches
Loop = Closed path in a circuit
PROBLEM
Find Branches and Nodes in the circuit
KIRCHHOFF'S LAWS
• Kirchhoff’s laws were first introduced in 1847 by the German
physicist Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824–1887).

• These laws are formally known as Kirchhoff’s current law (KCL)

and Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL).

• Ohm’s law by itself is not sufficient to analyze circuits. When it is

coupled with Kirchhoff’s two laws, we have a sufficient, powerful
set of tools for analyzing a large variety of electric circuits.
KIRCHHOFF’S CURRENT LAW (KCL)
• Based on the law of conservation of charge.
• Kirchhoff’s current law (KCL) states that the algebraic sum of
currents entering a node (or a closed boundary) is zero.
KIRCHHOFF’S VOLTAGE LAW (KVL)
• Based on the law of conservation of energy.
• Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL) states that the algebraic sum of all
voltages around a closed path (or loop) is zero.
KVL can be applied in two ways:
Taking either a clockwise or a counterclockwise trip around the
loop.
Either way, the algebraic sum of voltages around the loop is zero.
PROBLEM
Find v1 and v2
PROBLEM
Find v1 and v2
PROBLEM
Find v1 and v2
PROBLEM
Find v0 and i
PROBLEM
Find vx and v0
PROBLEM
Find vx and v0
PROBLEM – KCL + KVL
SERIES RESISTORS
SERIES RESISTORS
PARALLEL RESISTORS
PROBLEM
Find equivalent resistance in the circuit
PROBLEM
Find equivalent resistance in the circuit