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Equilibrium
An in state
•
object continues a
of rest or
uniform motion ,
v v
resultant force .
.
AT REST CONSTANT VELOCITY
•
speed constant
It tells about direction constant
a
system in •
•
the
Equilibrium i. e. when
result
of all the
forces Example #I
•
the E
acting on
body is
qN
zero ! v 10 N
16N
>
<
>
F
IF = O
,
v v
9N ✓
{ F✗=O EFy=O
{ f-✗ = 0 { Fy = 0
16=10 + Fi 8+9=1--2
F, = 6N 1=2--17 N
Type #2 ^Fsin60
If the system is in
-
^ T
F
equilibriumf- find , the
value and 4
°
-8
F Fargo
< -6.0: -1 G of .
.*q
>
- -
.
<
I
k
Fws 20° 20° { f-✗ ÷
'
-1--0
<
F
v G = Foos 601170520
- - - - -
>
Faso Fsintoi , 4=1.44 F
12N
E. ¥y=0
'
f- sin 60° =
Fsiu 20+12
Fsinbci - Fsin20 = 12
ftp.YF-smuil
F- = 22.9 = 23N
so 4--1.44/22.9 )
4--33.1 = 33N
g-¥
\
Type # 3
.
Tacos 50° A
^
Tico 20°
i 1 .
I 1 I 1 I 1 I 1
T2 T1
string 2 r n string 1 50
iÑ
Tz ? 0 IT < i•: >
Ti sin 20°
Tarin 500
.
m -2kg
-
"
W -20N
vw 10 Nkg
-
g-
-
If the
system is in equilibrium ,
T, sin 20 -
Isin 50--0
§•→, ,=←•→
F 21=9--0
Tension Tacos 50--20
force acts
away from
towards the
T, cos 20° +
the and
point the cord
Center T, 16.3N 1-2--7028 N
of
=
. .
Type # 4 : Inclined Plane
F could
+
R
,
F be tension
, push or
pull force . friction etc .
The line
*
/ component
i
along the angle 0
or
1-
- .
-1.0 - - - -
I
-
Wcoso
⇐
-
- -
, zoo
60¥50 is the
( Angle K sath
cos
component
valor
.
L
w Wsinl component cos
µ
nail
,
component
it
Box is in equilibrium
{ f- ✗ = 0 EFy= 0
Wsino = F R =
Whoso
I
•
force the
block and
surface
is 17N .
I 0 W v
µ
W= 2×9.8 Whin 0 Friction max
Wring
=
v2
W -
-
19.6N 1906 sin 0 = 17
D= 60.15°
Drag Force
Area
Force exerted
3.
Surface
the the
body greater surface
→
on a
is the
moving in
fluid the
layer
-
a .
area
,
force
drag as more
→
Drag force depends upon molecules collide .
Viscosity 1 thickness )
1.
of fluid
the thicker the The
fluid
the
,
will
greater be
drag less
more -
Area
tone .
Area
Halls slow ) 1-
falls fast)
water
drag ) ( less drag )
glycerine 1 more
air oil
>
viscosity increases
increases
drag force
2. Velocity of object or
fluid
at higher speed ,
molecules
collide with the
body more
forcefully exerting
,
more drag force .
Friction
Friction Fone .
^
It that
is an
opposing force
→
iÑ 1
slips
Applied
→
It depends upon the
in contact and
surfacesNormal
the reaction
force .
"
R
" +
f- Fsinl Fsino F
V
^
" " ^
-0.1 ? F- ✗ R ! -0
-
→ . .
. . . . .
.
>
Faso Faso
w Ñ
{ Fy=O { Fy=O
R= Wtfsino R+FsinO=W
R=W Fsino
greater Normal contact Force
-
resultant
force .
Fact = nra
f-net ✗
Dp_ forward _
backward = ma
Dt
force force
Fnet =
AI F, - Fr = ma
Dt
N
Fr
L
F,
f-net Ñnv
-
-
F-net -
-
ma
Fnet -
-
ma
Fo -
Fr = ma
2000 -
Fr :(750112 ) Fr = 500N
Case #2 : Inclined Plane
the smooth
If plane is
-
th
+
rough :
friction
-
-
F exists f- net -
ma
at
-
: >
Alsina __ ma .
Smooth : No
4 To Wasp friction 1mg sina.mu
10
w
a- -
gano
' N "
r
Wsinl alms
"
µ, 0=0
f
a " "
0<01900
object down the plane :
O '
OF
✗
Urbino F- R force
ma : contact to plane so the
-
-
R -
-
Wcoso forces along that axis
are balanced .
Example .
I F rn
-
-
2kg
Fun -
= ma
7 f- = 0.2k
"
Wsino -
F- ma
8=10 NKS
yg
-
, you,zg
F=WsinO -
ma
f.
w F-
mgsino -
ma Calculate
Lot
u ✓
.
Fuel
-
= ma F--0.212
my =
3kg
frictionless
"
# g- 10111kg
a → -
f- net
pulley = ma
T -
Wa =
MAA " "
→
string A- .
T T
-1T A BIT
¥°Fnet=ma
Fuel - =
ma
" "
T T T -
20=2 a
+ TA B tt WB -
F- MBA 1--29=20 -
① v
B- 20N v
Fact
v
solving both equations = ma 30N
WA v
simultaneously gives "
30 -
1- =3 a
WB the value
of
"
T and 1-+39=30 -
②
" "
a .
motion
of positive
as .
* F I Force on
pulley
due to the pin )
the
pulley is in
equilibrium
F- T
→ if pulley
had weight
- + t + w
T T F =
24+24
v YN v
F = 48N
Case # 4 .
1 Fnet =
ma
^R +9 W, - T =
Mia
Mr
T ← frictionless
F > .
f- net
pulley 2 ma
=
surface
( rough /smooth )Ñz
"
t
✓
+ a
if smooth
1- =m< a
surface
Mi
if rough surface
YN ,
T -
F =
Mra
EFy=O
R=Wn
1 .
Fact = ma
2 +→ 20 -
T =
2 a
, T -12A = 20
I
EN
Tt It
1
2 .
Fact = ma
T -
6=8 a
28N
- .
T -
8a= 6
1- =
17.2N a =
1.4ms "
33 of 81
6
the state
An
object continues in
of rest or
uniform
...................................................................................................................................................
v > R
- box
Ñ
W
20° horizontal
v←Wsin2Ñ
Fig. 3.1
The angle of the slope to the horizontal is 20°. The box has a mass of 65 kg. The total resistive
force R acting on the box is constant as it slides down the slope.
= .
(i) State the names and directions of the other two forces acting on the box.
Normal contact
acting perpendicular
to
plane
2. ........................................................................................................................................
.
[2]
(ii) The variation with time t of the velocity v of the box as it moves down the slope is shown
in Fig. 3.2.
8.0
6.0 •
12 , 6)
v / m s–1
4.0
2.0
10 , 0.8 ) •
0
0 1.0 2.0
t /s
Fig. 3.2
1. Use data from Fig. 3.2 to show that the acceleration of the box is 2.6 m s–2.
!¥n
me
62-9-0
m -
-
m =
a =
2.6ms -2
[2]
Emt = ma
=
65×2.6
=
169 N
170
resultant force = ...................................................... N [1]
169 =
(65×9.8) sin 20° -
R
R =
165 ✗ 9. 8) sin 20° -
169
R =
49N
R = ...................................................... N [3]
9f body A exerts a
force on
body B,
body B exerts an
equal hut opposite
force on
body A. v
W
Action and Reaction magnitude
pair of forces are ✓
Equal in
✓
Equal in
magnitude ✓
Opposite in direction
✓
opposite in direction ☒☒ Same
type of forces .
✓ Same
type of forces .
☒* Acting on
different bodies .
✓
Acting on
different Rbodies .
Earth Earth ✓
on
by
block WI
w
push my v
block on
R •
force on Earth
Earth block
by
PHYSICS 9702/11
Paper 1 Multiple Choice May/June 2018
1 hour 15 minutes
Additional Materials:
200N
,
65° track
2005in
sledge 6,5° forward
force
•
?
1205in 45
45°
Dog X pulls with a force of 200 N at an angle of 65° to the front edge of the sledge. Dog Y pulls
with a force of 120 N at an angle of 45° to the front edge of the sledge.
What is the resultant forward force on the sledge exerted by the two dogs?
7 The graph shows the variation with mass of the weight of objects on a particular planet.
4
weight / N
3
0
0 1
mass / kg
10 A bus takes a time of 25 s to reach a constant speed while travelling in a straight line. A graph of
speed v against time t is shown.
grad a hishc
←
g=o
g- v -
-
a=0
'^ "
Fnet highc
a-
y Free
-
=D
,
-
Fmt=Wyhc I
const "
g.
a- const -
0
i
0 5 10 15 20 25
Free - = const
t/s
Which graph shows the variation with t of the resultant force F on the bus?
A B C D
✓
F F F F
✓
①
I
i.
0 0 0 0
0 :
5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
t/s t/s t/s t/s
11 A single horizontal force F is applied to a block X which is in contact with a separate block Y as
shown.
the:=EEa
F
X
Y
The blocks remain in contact as they accelerate along a horizontal frictionless surface. Air
resistance is negligible. X has a greater mass than Y.
✗
D The force that X exerts on Y is less than the force that Y exerts on X.
?⃝