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ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ
ﻟﻌﻠﻢﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎء
ﻟﻮﺣﺔﺍﻟﻠﻤﺲ
ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭﺓﺇﻳﻼﻧﺎ ﺑﻴﻠﺶ
ﺟﻤﻴﻊﺍﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ ﺗﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ
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ﻓﻲﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔﺱﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﺍﻻﺯﺩﻭﺍﺟﻴﺔﻭﻛﻞ ﻛﺮﻭﻣﻮﺳﻮﻡ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ DNAﻣﻜﺮﺭ
• ﻳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻭﻣﻮﺳﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺮﺭﺓ ﻣﻦﺍﻟﻜﺮﻭﻣﺎﺗﻴﺪﺍﺕ)
• ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻭﻣﺎﺗﻴﺪﻳﻦ )"ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻭﻣﺎﺗﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻴﻘﺔ"( ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﺎﻥ ﺑﺒﻌﻀﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔﺳﻨﺘﺮﻭﻣﻴﺮ)ﺳﻨﺘﺮﻭﻣﻴﺮ(
ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺘﺮﻭﻣﻴﺮﻭﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻮﻱ
ﻛﺘﻴﻦﺃ com.nmediatﺃﻧﺎ
ﻫﺒﻠﺔﺭﺍﻳﻜﺮﻭﻡ
ﻋﻨﺼﺮF ﻋﻨﺼﺮFﻩ
)ﻃﻦ ﻣﺘﺮﻱ(
)ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ( )ﻟﻮ(
ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﻴﺔ :ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻴﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻗﺮﺹ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺮﻭﻣﻮﺳﻮﻡ ﺃﺛﻨﺎء ﺍﻧﻘﺴﺎﻡ
ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ
ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻟﺤﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﻲ ﻫﻮ ﺭﺑﻂﻃﻦ ﻣﺘﺮﻱﻟﻘﺪﺭﺗﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﻘﺴﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺡ ﺑﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻭﻣﻮﺳﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﻄﺒﻴﻦ
ﺑﺪﺃﺍﻟﺘﺄﻫﻴﻞ ﻛﺎ
ﺍﻟﻤﻐﺰﻝﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺉﻲ ﻣﻴﺖ
ﻫﻨﺎﻙﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺭﺉﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﻘﺴﺎﻡ
• ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺭﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺉﻲ
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• ﺍﻧﻘﺴﺎﻡﺍﻟﺴﻴﺘﻮﺑﻼﺯﻡ
)ﺍﻧﻘﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺘﻮﺑﻼﺯﻡ(
ﻣﻠﺨﺺﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻻﻧﻘﺴﺎﻡ
ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔﺡ ﻳﺎﺗﻮﺯﺍ ﺣﺪﺙ
• ﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻭﻣﻮﺳﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺭﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻝ
• ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ
• ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺗﻔﻜﻚ ﺍﻟﻐﺸﺎء ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ
• ﺍﻧﻬﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻐﺸﺎء ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺑﺮﻭﻣﻴﺜﻴﺐ
ﻫﺬﺍﻛﻞ ﺷﻲء
• ﺍﻧﻘﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺘﻮﺑﻼﺯﻡ