SUBJECT: Science DATE: March 27, 2023

SECTION: Grade 9 Odysseus and Perseus REGULAR TIME FRAME: 1 session

CONTENT STANDARD PERFORMANCE STANDARD

The learners demonstrate an understanding of… The learners shall be able to….
The relationship between the visible constellations is the Discuss whether or not popular beliefs and practices with
sky and Earth’s position along its orbit. regard to constellations and astrology have a scientific
basis
LEARNING COMPETENCY
The learners should be able to…
Observe that the position of a constellation changes in the course of a night S9ES-IIIi-34

UNPACKED LEARNING COMPETENCIES

 Define constellation; and

SUBJECT MATTER
Topic: Earth and Space Module 3: Constellations
Reference: Science 9 Learner’s Module -1st Edition (2014)

Levine, S. (2023, January 5). What is the brightest star in the sky?

https://www.skyatnightmagazine.com/advice/brightest-star-in-night-sky/

Materials: Visual aids, flashlights, pictures

Strategies:
LEARNING EXPERIENCES: 5 E's INSTRUCTIONAL MODEL

III. TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCEDURES

Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity

PRELIMINARY ACTIVITIES
a. Greetings/Room Check
Good morning, 9 – Odysseus/Perseus! Good morning teachers!

Please settle down, pick up the pieces of paper under your chair, and
check the alignment of your chairs.

b. Checking of Attendance
May I request for the class president or the class beadle to take note of
the absentees today please and thank you.

c. Recall
Can someone share with the class what’s the last topic discussed? Students raise their hand.
Yes, name of the student? Ma’am the topic we discussed last meeting was
all about the stars and their characteristics.

Very good! How many characteristics of a star were there? There were 5 characteristics Ma’am.
Correct, and what are those?
Brightness, color, surface temperature, size, and
mass.

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Very good! Now we will continue our discussion about the
characteristics of a star. Are you ready to listen? Yes Ma’am.
I. LESSON PROPER

A. ENGAGE (Which Shines the Brightest?)

Before we start with our discussion today, do you recognize this
Disney character? Yes Ma’am. This is Tamatoa crab from Disney
movie Moana.

Very good! Tamatoa crab like shiny and bright things, am I right? Yes Ma’am.
Alright, so in this activity, we will help Moana get free from him by
picking and showing him the shiniest and brightest stars in the night
sky. Are you ready? Yes Ma’am, we are ready!

Alright, so you will pick the brightest star by stating the star letter.
Understood? Yes Ma’am.

B
1. A
2. B
3. B
4. A

B
A

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 B

Good job class! You have successfully distracted Tamatoa with the
brightest stars. Moana and Maui retrieved the magical hook.

B. EXPLORE (Brightness Test)

As we observed in those pictures earlier, there were stars that are
brighter than the rest and stands out. Now we will have a short
experiment and find out as to why stars differ in brightness.

The teacher will perform the experiment in front.

1. Place the two identical small flashlights on a table or chair .
near the front of the room.
2. Darken the room and turn on the two flashlights. Compare
the brightness of the two flashlights.
3. Place one flashlight on a table or chair at the back of the They have the same brightness.
room. Darken the room and turn on the two flashlights.
4. Observe the two flashlights from the front of the room.
Compare the brightness of the two flashlights. Which
flashlight appears to be brighter?
5. Replace the small flashlight at the back of the room with a The nearer flashlight.
bigger flashlight. Compare the apparent brightness of the two
flashlights. Which flashlight appears to be brighter?
6. Adjust the positions of the two flashlights until they appear to The nearer/smaller flashlight.
have the same brightness.
In this activity, what do you think these flashlights represent based on
our discussion?
Ma’am these flashlights represent the star that
Why do you think the two flashlights have different brightness? we see.
The two flashlights have different sizes and
brightness, however, the distance between them
and us affects their brightness on our

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 perception.

Do you think this also applies on stars? Yes Ma’am.

Very good.

C. EXPLAIN
Last meeting, we discussed the characteristics of a star. How many
characteristics were there? There are 5 characteristics Ma’am.
Very good, and what are they? The 5 characteristics of a star are brightness,
color, surface temperature, size, and mass.

Correct, so today we will be talking about the first characteristic of a

star which is brightness. As we can observe in a night sky full of stars,
there are stars that stand out among the rest because of their
brightness. Some stars appear brighter and big, while some stars
appear dimmer and small, do you agree? Yes Ma’am.

Based on our lesson last meeting, there were three other

characteristics of a star’s brightness. And what are they? Luminosity, apparent magnitude, and absolute
magnitude.

Very good, again luminosity is the amount of light that a star radiates.
The brightness of a star as seen from the Earth depends on two
factors; distance and the actual brightness or the absolute magnitude
of the star. The star’s brightness as seen from Earth is its apparent
brightness or magnitude. Based on the activity we performed earlier,
apparent depends on how far a star is from the Earth.

Let’s take Sirius and Rigel to illustrate the effect of distance on

apparent brightness. Compared to the Sun, Sirius is about 27 times as
powerful as the Sun, but Rigel has the power of many thousands of
suns. In terms of distance from the Earth, Rigel is almost 100 times
farther away than Sirius. In terms of apparent magnitude or
brightness, Sirius is about twice as bright as Rigel, Sirius looks very
bright when viewed from Earth because it is closer to Earth.

Astronomers consider the star’s absolute brightness/magnitude when

comparing stars. A star’s absolute brightness is the brightness the star
would have if all stars were the same standard distance from Earth.

Based on your assignment, can anyone share with the class their
answer on why the Sirius star appears brighter than the Rigel star? Sirius appears bright because of its intrinsic
luminosity and its proximity to the Solar
System.
Do you agree class? Or does anyone has another answer? We agree Ma’am.
Very good, I hope you have your assignments with you today.

Do you have any questions, clarifications, or additions? No Ma’am.

D. ELABORATE

Imagine you invited or you were invited for a romantic dinner date.
How would you describe your perfect night sky for the romantic
dinner date? Me personally, I prefer a clear night sky meaning no stars
but with a bright full moon. What about you? The perfect night sky for a romantic dinner date
for me would be a sky filled with stars and a
bright full moon. (Answers may vary)
That sounds like a perfect night sky for a romantic dinner date. Would
you prefer to have a variety of stars? Yes Ma’am. (Answer may vary)

What would happen if the stars on the night sky have the same sizes Big and bright stars Ma’am (Answer may vary)
and brightness? Would you prefer small dim stars or big and bright
stars?

Okay, what if all of the billion stars are the same distance as our The earth will be extremely hot, and no life will
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 moon. What do you think will happen to us? survive.

Very good, therefore it is good that these stars we have are distant
from us.

Do you agree? Yes ma’am.

Do you have any questions or clarifications about our discussion? No Ma’am.

Okay if there are none, then let us proceed with our quiz.

E. EVALUATE

Prepare a ¼ sheet of paper. Write an essay on “Why do some stars

stand out and appear brighter compared to other stars?” Write at
least one paragraph.

Do you have any questions with the essay writing? No Ma’am.

Okay if there are none, you may now start.

Time is up, at the count of 5 all papers on the center aisle.

Please submit your assignments as well on the center aisle.

IV. AGREEMENT/ASSIGNMENT

For next week’s discussion, I want you to do research about some

patterns in the sky. List as much as you can and familiar yourselves
with the patterns. You can download and save the pictures of the star
patterns on your phone from Google or take pictures of them from a
any Science book. Am I understood? Yes Ma’am.

Any questions, clarifications, or addition about our discussion for

today?
Okay if there are none then I hope you have understood something
today. Thank you for listening and goodbye class. Goodbye and thank you teachers!
Class dismissed.

Prepared by:
Tetyana S. Balahim