College of Engineering Education

2nd Floor, BE Building

Matina Campus, Davao City
Telefax: (082)296-1084
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/300-0647 Local 131

Big Picture in Focus:

ULO-3d. Familiarize the properties of the hyperbolic functions and find its derivative

Metalanguage
In this section, you will find terms that can be used when dealing with hyperbolic
functions. You may go back here anytime if you run across a certain term you find
ambiguous.
1. Hyperbolic Functions. These functions are analogs of the standard trigonometric
functions which are defined for the hyperbola rather than on the circle.
1.1 These functions are sometimes called the “hyperbolic trigonometric functions”
since it has many connections between them and the standard trigonometric
functions.
1.2 These functions relate to the hyperbola same as the trigonometric functions
relate to the circle.
Essential Knowledge
In ULO3d, you are expected to familiarize the properties of hyperbolic functions
for its easy derivation. This function is the last transcendental function which will be
discussed.
1. The Hyperbolic Functions. These functions are a combination of certain exponential
functions, 𝑒 𝑥 and 𝑒 −𝑥 . Hyperbolic functions are defined as follows:

DEFINITIONS OF HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥 cosh 𝑥
sinh 𝑥 = coth 𝑥 =
2 sinh 𝑥
𝑒 + 𝑒 −𝑥
𝑥 1
cosh 𝑥 = sech 𝑥 =
2 cosh 𝑥
sinh 𝑥 1
tanh 𝑥 = csch 𝑥 =
cosh 𝑥 sinh 𝑥

The notation sinh 𝑥 which is pronounced as “shine” can be read “hyperbolic sine
of x”. The others can also be read in the same manner.

Like the trigonometric functions, hyperbolic functions also have its identities which
are illustrated on a table on the next page. These identities can be directly deduced from
the definitions of hyperbolic functions.

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HYPERBOLIC IDENTITIES

H1. cosh2 𝑥 − sinh2 𝑥 = 1

H2. tanh2 𝑥 + sech2 𝑥 = 1

H3. coth2 𝑥 − csch2 𝑥 = 1

H4. sinh 2𝑥 = 2 sinh 𝑥 cosh 𝑥

H5. cosh 2𝑥 = cosh2 𝑥 + sinh2 𝑥

= 1 + 2 sinh2 𝑥
= 2 cosh2 𝑥 − 1

The hyperbolic identities would come in handy later as we start differentiating the
hyperbolic functions.

2. Differentiation of Hyperbolic Functions. The rules for differentiating the hyperbolic

functions are given by the following formulas where 𝑢 is a function of 𝑥.

DIFFERENTIATION OF HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

𝒅 𝒅𝒖 𝒅 𝒅𝒖
(𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉 𝒖) = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉 𝒖 (𝒄𝒐𝒕𝒉 𝒖) = −𝒄𝒔𝒄𝒉𝟐 𝒖
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙

𝒅 𝒅𝒖 𝒅 𝒅𝒖
(𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉 𝒖) = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉 𝒖 (𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒉 𝒖) = −𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒉 𝒖 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒉 𝒖
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙

𝒅 𝒅𝒖 𝒅 𝒅𝒖
(𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒉 𝒖) = 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒉𝟐 𝒖 (𝒄𝒔𝒄𝒉 𝒖) = −𝒄𝒔𝒄𝒉 𝒖 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝒉 𝒖
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙

Study the examples on the succeeding page for you to know how to use the
formulas in differentiating hyperbolic functions.

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Telefax: (082)296-1084
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𝑑𝑦
Example 3d.1: Find if 𝑦 = sinh(4𝑥 + 3).
𝑑𝑥
Solution:
𝑑𝑦 𝑑
= cosh(4𝑥 + 3) [ (4𝑥 + 3)]
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
= cosh(4𝑥 + 3)(4)
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
= 4 cosh(4𝑥 + 3)
𝑑𝑥

Example 3d.2: Find 𝑦’ if 𝑦 = 3 cosh2 4𝑥

Solution:
𝑑
𝑦 ′ = (3)(2)(cosh2−1 4𝑥 ) [ (cosh 4𝑥)]
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
𝑦 ′ = 6 cosh 4𝑥 sinh 4𝑥 ( 4𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

𝑦 ′ = 24 cosh 4𝑥 sinh 4𝑥

This is not yet the final answer since we can still simplify it using the hyperbolic identity
sinh 2𝑥 = 2 sinh 𝑥 cosh 𝑥.
𝑦 ′ = 12 (2 sinh4𝑥 cosh 4𝑥) where 𝑥 = 4𝑥
𝑦 ′ = 12 sinh 2(4𝑥)
𝑦 ′ = 12 sinh 8𝑥

Example 3d.3: Find 𝑦’ if 𝑦 = sinh(ln 𝑥)

Solution:
𝑑
𝑦 ′ = (cosh ln 𝑥 ) [ (ln 𝑥)]
𝑑𝑥
1
𝑦 ′ = (cosh ln 𝑥 ) ( )
𝑥
We can simplify the equation further by applying one of the definitions of hyperbolic function--
𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥
cosh 𝑥 =
2
𝑒 ln 𝑥 +𝑒 − ln 𝑥 1
𝑦′ = ( )( ) where 𝑥 = ln 𝑥
2 𝑥
𝑒 ln 𝑥 +𝑒 − ln 𝑥
𝑦′ = .
2𝑥
−1 1
Use the logarithmic identity: 𝑒 ln 𝑥 = 𝑥 and 𝑒 − ln 𝑥 = 𝑒 ln 𝑥 = 𝑥 −1 = to simplify further..
𝑥
1
′
𝑥+
𝑥 𝑥 2 +1
𝑦 = = .
2𝑥 2𝑥 2

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2nd Floor, BE Building
Matina Campus, Davao City
Telefax: (082)296-1084
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/300-0647 Local 131

Self-Help: Refer to the sources below to help you further understand the
lesson.

Feldman, J., & Rechnitzer, A. (2015). Differential Calculus Notes for Mathematics 100.
Terano, H. J. (2015). Calculus 1: A simplified Text in Differential Calculus.

Let’s Check

Activity 1. Find the derivative of the following hyperbolic functions and simplify whenever
possible.

1. 𝑦 = sinh2 5𝑥

2. 𝑦 = 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 (sinh 𝑥)

3. 𝑦 = ln(tanh 2𝑥)
sinh 𝑥
4. 𝑦 =
1+cosh 𝑥

5. 𝑦 = tanh 𝑥 2

Let’s Analyze

Activity 1. Differentiate the following functions and simplify if possible.

1
1. 𝑦 = coth
𝑥

2. 𝑦 = csch2 3𝑥
3. 𝑦 = sech2 ln 𝑥
4. 𝑦 = sinh 𝑥 cosh 𝑥 − 𝑥
𝑥
5. 𝑦 = [cosh(ln 𝑥) + sinh(ln 𝑥)]
2

6. 𝑦 = 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 (tanh 4𝑥)

7. 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 ln(sinh 𝑥)
1
8. 𝑦 = cosh2 6𝑥 + cosh 12 𝑥
2

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2nd Floor, BE Building
Matina Campus, Davao City
Telefax: (082)296-1084
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/300-0647 Local 131

In a Nutshell
You need to take note of these points when dealing with the differentiation of
hyperbolic functions.

 Hyperbolic function is a combination of the exponential functions 𝑒 𝑥 and 𝑒 −𝑥 .

 The definitions and identities of hyperbolic functions are necessary to simplify the
equation.
 Differentiation of hyperbolic functions have rules, which are expressed in formulas,
that should be followed to avoid using the long method.

Q&A List
If you have any questions regarding continuity, kindly write down on the table
provided.

QUESTIONS ANSWERS
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

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