DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN SCIENCE 9

Crafted for Demonstration Teaching

Pre-service Teacher : Kingdon Van C. Laggui Grade Level : Grade 9

Cooperating Teacher : Frazcel P. Serna Learning Area : Science
School : Lal-lo National High School Date : 02-21-2024
Quarter : Third Index of Mastery :

I. OBJECTIVES
A. Content Standard
B. Performance Standard
C. Learning Competency
: Students should be able to recognize the definition of ions,
differentiate between cations and anions, understand the
process of ion formation through electron gain or loss, and
identify common ions and their charges based on their positions
in the periodic table.
: Students will demonstrate proficiency in the content standard
by accurately defining ions, distinguishing between cations and
anions, explaining the process of ion formation, and correctly
identifying the charges of common ions.
: Differentiate between cations and anions, understanding that
cations have a positive charge due to electron loss, while anions
have a negative charge due to electron gain.

D. Learning Objectives

After undergoing varied activities within a 55-minute demonstration teaching, the Grade 9
Galileo students of Lal-lo National High School, with at least an 80 percent index of mastery,
must be able to:

i define what an ion

ii understand the concept of ions as charged particles.
iii differentiate between cations and anions
iv explain the formation of ions through gaining or losing electrons.
v identify common ions and their charges

II. SUBJECT MATTER

A. Topic : Charges – Ions
B. Method : Collaborative, Concept Attainment
C. Materials : Digital Light Projector with screen/TV, power point
presentation, periodic table of element, periodic cards, working
sheets.
D. Reference : https://www.britannica.com/science/ion-physics

E. Values : Cooperation, Trust

III. INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES
Methodology Teacher’s Activities Learners’ Activities
A. Everyday Routine
A.1. Good morning class!
Greetings Good morning sir!
How are you?
We’re okay sir.
A.2. Prayer Let’s all stand and feel the presence of
the Lord.

Jazmine, kindly lead the prayer.

Amen!

Amen
Before you take your seats, kindly pick
up all the litters and arrange your
chairs.

A.3.Checking
of Okay, secretary of the class please take
Attendance note of those students who are excused
and absents, and give it to me after our
class discussion.

A.4. Priming Alright, before we begin our next topic,

Activity is there any clarification about our last
topic which is electronic configuration.
None so far sir!

Okay then, we may now proceed with

our new topic.

B. Engage

(Written word on the board: IONS)

What comes to your mind when you see

or hear the word 'IONS'?

Can you share your ideas?

And write it on the board.

-Charged Particles

-Cations and Anions

-Ion Formation
 -Ionic Bonds

Okay! Your answer is also connected it

with our lesson for today which is ions.

Later on, we will define what is ions in

our discussion.

These are our learning objectives,

kindly read.

Learning Objectives

After undergoing varied activities

within a 55-minute demonstration
teaching, the Grade 9 Galileo students
of Lal-lo National High School, with
at least an 80 percent index of
mastery, must be able to:

i define what an ion

ii understand the concept of
ions as charged particles.
iii differentiate between
cations and anions
iv explain the formation of
ions through gaining or
losing electrons.
v identify common ions and
their charges
Let’s now proceed…

C. Explore

Watch this! This video shows the trends

for Ionic charges in the periodic table.

https://youtu.be/N4N1Njh7nCo?
si=BpnMsgCDG6LIwLYh

After you watch the video, here are the

questions I want you to answer!
  How does the trend of ionic
charges change as you move
from left to right across a period
in the periodic table?

 What are the common trends in

ionic charges across the periodic
table as discussed in the video?

 How do transition metals differ

from main group elements in
terms of their ionic charges?

(Student will watch the video and will

answer the questions)

D. Explain

Kindly read the slide Ashley?

What is Ion?

An ion is an atom or molecule that has

a net electric charge. This charge can
be positive, negative, or neutral.

So, which means that ion is carrying

charges that can be either positive or
negative charge.

Okay, next slide.

How Ions are formed?

Ions are formed by the addition or

removal of Electrons.
Ions are formed when an atom gains or
loses electrons, leading to an imbalance
between the number of protons and
electrons.

There are two types of Ions, what are

they?

Positive ion and negative ion sir!

Okay very good! Let’s define these
types of Ions.
 What is positive ion?

A positive ion, also known as a cation,

is an atom or molecule that has lost
one or more electrons, resulting in a
net positive electrical charge. This
charge is due to the fact that the
number of protons in the nucleus is
greater than the number of electrons
surrounding the nucleus.

A positively charged ion, is formed

when an atom loses electrons, resulting
in more protons than electrons.

Okay, how about the other one:

negative ion.
A negative ion, also known as an
anion, is an atom or molecule that has
gained one or more electrons, resulting
in a net negative electrical charge.
This charge is due to the fact that the
number of electrons in the outer shell
is greater than the number of protons
in the nucleus.

A negatively charged ion, known as an

anion, is formed when an atom gains
electron, leading to more electrons than
protons.

Okay, now let’s first focus on the

‘Positive Ion’

Kindly read the slide!

POSITIVE ION/CATION

 They are also called cations

 They have positive charge
 They are formed by the
removal of electron
 They may carry +1, +2, +3
charge depending upon the
number of electrons lost by the
atom

POSITIVE ION
Again, positive ion is formed by the
removal of electrons.

For example:

A  A+ + e-

Na  Na+ + e-

Mg  Mg+2 + 2e-

Al  Al+3 + 3e-

Okay, next slide.

Cation Formation is an Endothermic

Reaction

ENDOTHERMIC REACTION

 The reactions in which energy

is required are called
endothermic reactions.

 Energy is required to remove

the electron from the atom
because electron is bonded to
nucleus of an atom
e.g.,
Na  Na+ + e-

 Hence, cation formation is an

Next slide! endothermic reaction

Cation formation is an Oxidation

Reaction

 Oxidation means removal of

electron
Hence, it is called oxidation reaction
e.g.,
 Why Cation is smaller than parent
atom?
 A neutral atom has same
number of protons and electrons
 Cation is formed by the
removal of electron, number of
Next slide… electrons decreases
 Nuclear charge increases on the
valance shell electrons Number
of protons remains same
 Hence, when we remove the
electron from the atom, size of
atom decreases
e.g.,

Next slide.
NEGITIVE ION/ANION
 They are also called Anions
 They have negative charge
 They are formed by the
addition of electron
 They may carry -1, -2, -3
charge depending upon the
number of electrons gain by
the atom

NEGITIVE ION
Negative ion is formed by the addition
of electron

For Example:
B + e -  B-

Cl + e-  Cl-

O + 2e-  O-2
Anion Formation is an Exothermic
Reaction

EXOTHERMIC REACTION
 The reactions in which energy
is released are called
exothermic reactions.

 Energy is released when we

add the electron to the atom
because electron is attracted to
nucleus of an atom

For example:

Mg + 2e-  Mg-2
Anion formation is a Reduction
Reaction

 Reduction means addition of

electron Hence, it is called
reduction reaction

Next slide.
Why Anion is larger than parent atom?

 A neutral atom has same

number of protons and
electrons
 Anion is formed by the
addition of electron, number of
electrons increases
 Number of protons remains
same Nuclear charge decreases
on the valance shell electrons
 Hence, when we add the
electron to the atom, size of
atom increases
Okay, next slide.
WHY CATION IS SMALLER THAN
ANION? OR WHY ANION IS
LARGER THAN CATION?

 Cation is formed by the

removal of electron, while
anion is formed by the addition
of electron
 Removal of electron from the
atom decreases the size
because the nuclear charge
increases

For example:

Na  Na+ + e-

 Addition of electron to atom

increases size because the
nuclear charge decreases

For example:

Cl + e-  Cl-

 Hence, cation is smaller than

anion

Difference b/w metals and non-metals

METALS
 These form cation
 These lose their electron easily
 These have low ionization
energy

NON-METALS
  These form ion
 These gain electron
 These have high electron
affinity

E. Elaborate

Illustrate its formation:

Cations (Positively Charged Ions):

1. Sodium ion (Na⁺)
2. Potassium ion (K⁺)
3. Calcium ion (Ca²⁺)
4. Magnesium ion (Mg²⁺)
5. Ammonium ion (NH₄⁺)

Anions (Negatively Charged Ions):

1. Chloride ion (Cl⁻)
2. Bromide ion (Br⁻)
3. Iodide ion (I⁻)
4. Fluoride ion (F⁻)
5. Sulfate ion (SO₄²⁻)

These ions form through the gain or

loss of electrons by atoms.

Now, illustrate its formation, write it on

a 1 whole sheet of paper.

Do that in 5-10 minutes.

(Students will answer the given
activity.)

IV. EVALUATION

Directions: Read the questions, and situations presented in the following items. Among the options
given, choose the letter that represents the correct or best answer.

1. What is an ion?
a) A neutral particle
b) A particle with ONLY positive charge
c) Ion is an atom or molecule that has a net electric charge.
d) A subatomic particle

2. Which ion is formed when an atom loses electrons?

a) Anion
b) Cation
c) Polyatomic ion
 d) Covalent ion

3. Which of the following ions has a positive charge?

a) Chloride ion (Cl-)
b) Nitrate ion (NO3-)
c) Hydroxide ion (OH-)
d) Ammonium ion (NH4+)

4. Which ion is present in common table salt (sodium chloride)?

a) Sodium ion (Na+)
b) Chloride ion (Cl-)
c) Potassium ion (K+)
d) Calcium ion (Ca2+)

5. Which of the following ions has a 2- charge?

a) Carbonate ion (CO32-)
b) Sulfate ion (SO42-)
c) Hydroxide ion (OH-)
d) Phosphate ion (PO43-)

6. What is the charge of the ion formed by oxygen?

a) 1-
b) 2-
c) 1+
d) 2+

7. Which ion is commonly found in acidic solutions?

a) Hydroxide ion (OH-)
b) Nitrate ion (NO3-)
c) Hydrogen ion (H+)
d) Sulfate ion (SO42-)

8. Which ion contributes to water hardness?

a) Sodium ion (Na+)
b) Chloride ion (Cl-)
c) Magnesium ion (Mg2+)
d) Potassium ion (K+)

9. Which ion is responsible for muscle contraction?

a) Calcium ion (Ca2+)
b) Sodium ion (Na+)
c) Potassium ion (K+)
d) Chloride ion (Cl-)

10. Which ion is essential for plant growth?

a) Nitrate ion (NO3-)
b) Sulfate ion (SO42-)
c) Magnesium ion (Mg2+)
 d) Phosphate ion (PO43-)

Answers:
1. c) Ion is an atom or molecule that has a net electric charge.
2. b) Cation
3. d) Ammonium ion (NH4+)
4. a) Sodium ion (Na+)
5. d) Phosphate ion (PO43-)
6. b) 2-
7. c) Hydrogen ion (H+)
8. c) Magnesium ion (Mg2+)
9. a) Calcium ion (Ca2+)
10. c) Magnesium ion (Mg2+)
V. EXTENDED TASK
Directions:

 Real-World Applications: Identify and analyze real-world applications of ions in industry or everyday
life. This could include discussing the role of ions in water treatment, food preservation, electrolysis,
batteries, and electroplating.