elssnate

Sucrose hyelaelesis
Gluce se +fruetose
:B10MOLECULES
actose
SYNOPSIS
glucote galocthae
maltose
ucese+gluco se
OCorbebylaates Raffnese 9ucese+ fyuctose
Monosaccholi des: Simples
golactrore
Corbohy clsat es which Cannot loe Polysaccharides: On
hyoluo lytis
hyebsolysed4 gives lasge no.
ef Menosacch
atidis
AHdos galachose
es Ex. Staxch,celkulose
Aidehydr
Aldehydre qonp lucose
glycogen,
Ketone qrmmp: Keoses ruc hoge)
Casbohy dsat e tobich Decue
Tollen Saea9e OrFeblings sol
are caled »egucin9
E: A Sugars
monosacchas.des
Ot9oSacehasides: Suciose Lace
maase isa cchas dlesCExtept Suemae

Rafnese
disacthe Non 7edluc ng Sugars does net
xedace Jo lleas eagent or
Trisacchaaide,. Feblinas solution.
Ex Susose, starch cellalose.
 alassmate.
Date
Page
laacmita
D£L Nolaliong
1 -OH 9roup
on peellmals Diffe in
CArbon Cadracent
to primag Cenhguaatm
Ca
a
alcohe lieqo
is op E: 4 D-qlucose
igbt Side D-isemes atpD-ructore.
Left side L-Tsemes
CHO
Epimeas:
CHO
H-CHOO--H-LOqlyealde Contquadtion d orom
dferent carnon fferent at
ecept C4
CHaON
Dcglyevldetole ExD-lucese D-maanore
CHO ae a epimelr
H -oH
-H
oh )Gluoie gaacfose ave
C4 epimeAr,
CHOH
D) glunse
 elassata
elassnate
Grlaces Dextrose Gpe
Glucase aeducar To llens aeosent
3) G

Tohens aeosent
ox Fehlings seluhen
asHason hel GH+(sH
qlacos+e
Sucrose Confirms presence e-CHO
Stch #elki Grluese xiclalco mi
ke bromine aa toxielsing age
e qlucose
Glucose hase one CHo, one-C p xielised to qluconic
acd
frur Secondlaay -CHOR
HOR 9
g ithstong ox agents
HNO gines Sacchasicacid
like

alucose + aceflchlorde ev
acetc Qnhykde CoOH ÇHO CoeH
no), B
(CHeH)

Pentecaty! qlutere Coo

lcese Glue nre
Crhsi er presene of S-OH m) cehaie ,aLere
dc)

)Glucese +hyeluylamine er HCN 5) Reducfen

Glutese HI n-bexane

Glacose ox me or Glucese cyanghy L

ineliates thot glucoe has
Ctet presene of Corbong 6 Caben atom in lineey choin,
 shssds
dstealA

Cyclfc Styucdue ofglucue Stuchee of frue tose

HHO- W-D )ructs fuonese A
H
OH
oM O - 3
H
HOWG
HO
-oH on s
oH

CHOH CHOH
BD Cqlute p-D-) tach futeneote
ol-DKe)glutopyvanoçe
oH
dh
ok

At C1 if -OH qoup is right sToe

J.e o-for m Mutare talin
AL 1f -oH qroup i left side The change 10 specihe rotallon ofS
1 B-for somey n aquetod toluhioa is
Call el mudorotal
ExtGluose exi sta in
-D) glucaseCsvlz +1)
p D 4alutase Crp scha +19)
azale La2h b
 lassnate
Dete
Pge IMMAA
Lo Aquecus soluhon Maltoser Malt
+5a.7 +19, dextrerotutor L
P-gle Moltoie hyeaelsr
AD qlucoge ET > a mole o- D-glutse
reducang Sugon
Fuctose rut Sugu
Laeve rotadey d-gly@osidic 1lin ka ge bl
Ca olne qlucose ¢ C4
Suerose: Cane Suga of
other cose
dexhro rotoutory Ghgn
LoveT Cuge7
oM
Suop se 4Pgluege ughe
S 9 +66.s +52.4-2
Loctose r Mik sugar
The mi xlute is ovesal laevorofatey
Lactose heelag-p alucose +aolac
-D
tose
G
Glyosabe mege Recuc n Sugs
- B-1,u gycosidic linkage bl
C2of ghuese Ca of alactose 4
ol Caaf Pouctose,
C4 f lucose.
 Date
Page
Date
CHOM Gluceg en
CHpH

Storoge polyso cchaide 19

anima,
sttuchae Si milas h omlopecth
o

SHascb:2 Pla polesecet molrsch s Tesb wed to detecr

en hy dablyst
Twocomponents 9NeaD a.ll ype f conbehlaohes
lucke
20 mylose-wate seluble
Ranget i Solutenoo-naphthej
in ode hol

12mylopeiowate nsolLl Tes

obcaak 4 Molisches veagen
renchedehain. ol-glutose uni Cong Hso along stdes ef
Imked sy C-slyuondre wbe
lonhage
Violet ing is fTmed
Cellulese Plani pelerocehaue
Cellsoa. Carnghdud
m hycselyss 9 e Confirms enrhehydaal
cese,

glycosidre lmkage H
9ghacere h aetker
 elaas
bote
dassrala

4 proteios Dosed on huctue

Armineavids
formulo

qens e
-CH-CooH
R-CH-CooH

Aliphahc-Glyune, lgsine,
aspaahe osid
olaning
Qmine
acel
Premac- Tyosine pheng)
H yy daalysts
prptem
of
o-dmine adel.
g alanin

A- nadually oCCuin9
Hetesyclic > Proline, Hishidioe
ryptophan ek
K-amine
acids L su
A) amino acids20 aminoo )Rosed o Brelesicol imposlan
are there) except glycine
opicallyachve. DEssentia) AA Not sythesi.sed
in the body
Velme Leuúnt, Tsoleusine
Classiral
D Bate n nau Non-e5sental A Sythestsed
In the body
DAadicAsAApaaic
-Coo H p iS me
kam
acnel4hame
Glycine, alanine,gewmg che-
acd
AA Confaming Sulphuae
a) Basic A -NH qYp ale Cysteine Mehtanine
Lysine, Hisieipe, argimioe ek,
3)Neusa A ERual-NH, 4-coo
Glycone alanine, Valine elr
 classnate classmate
Date Date

Ztter 1on
Poge
Pephedes: Page

R-CH-eoo Proteins are he polymej

R-cH-too
Lamine aae.s hich ae Connechel
oby pephele bend CoN
(Ampherexc) Peptides ae amides formed by
1t13 fhe P
Condenatioe of-NH gup
Iseeleehic point. -cooH gsoup
which no miqraien f
amino
at
actds u a s d s elictodesAhe

exist es Zwittea Ton. Dipepide haj one pephle bond

p A
ipephde has hwe pephde ben
Test for Protemg
ete
NinhyduinTu Prceans AniA
Reagenl: a-dihyduojinelane-,3- Fabrpus porotrein Glebulaa prmtin
colouy ith
Proteing give pus pleprotein. poly peptede chains polypepide
are palalle eheuns L

Inselable
sate Soluble io.
Ketahin, myosi albumip, Insulu
 elaesate laswuta
Date

Denatuatioo of proheing antio prtie tes

Congulalien of proteing Protein+Conc HNG-Yelloa
colen
Conver
43huchae
into 1 shruchuue,
Mobsehes test: fov proteins
Contaming corbohydsosT
3esieue.
Teth toY prorems:
Violet rmng 1s f u
OBiuret Test
kaline sol Violet
caleu EnZymes, giocbralgats
par fenm
lakaagc
Nitamin.s
) linhyclun Tesh
Protein + Nhydeio so) Fat soluble , D,E 4K
J Suwadea seluble 8 4C
Violet olour

mercuare
3) Milhoms eshReag ent:nitrale
mexcu1oA i
ni aud,

Pro lermiMilians Reagent

whi le pp
 A6SAVATe
elassaute Date
Date Pge
Pogt Nuclere ocds
These aYe
bio pabymets Pn
behuent disease hich he repeatn9 units
Vitamio nucleothde
A (Rehrol)Niqh! ndness
Xevophthalmta
Each nucleetide containg:
B(Tiomne) Bexi besi (less ) 1 Pentose Suga: Dei bo$e
R-deexy -D
o
ibose
Cheilosis (nf loma
6,(RisoFlavin) a t Ceroey
Heteroy clie nitrogen base
base
or
rack meuh)
CYocking
2

Convulsiens, anaemBa Purines Adanine and Gruahine

DcCAysdexine)
Pramidzne: Uracl, Thymine Ggtes
Cyaneaobalamn) Pexnici
CaS anáemie

B2
CCcorire ac)Scunvy CBleedanq Phesphaic acid ).

D CCaloferol) Rickets Nucleoside Base Sugay

Osteemela ca
Nucleotide Base -Suga
CTocepheul) Inpoteny poweleu
or
E d
Sexua
of phesphate
epreeluchn

Haemowhage or
KC Pbylloquinones) lengthens ime eff
ClotHng PaasiS
H CBuio)Demath-lossofhaihf
 Date
Poge alasSMaL
Date
Tupes Base pagt
Base
D DNA NA Suga phesphek, Sugas-pheyhak
Sugay -decny-D-tibose D -ribese
Secendloy tuchue
Nihoge e
base AG C AGCU dowlale helx shuchae fr DxA
DNA- doudle stranded
Charqafts rul
A pukin base akoayspau wih RNOSingle standed.
Pyrimidine
DNA
Adenine Thymne parstuoH-nTypes of NA
A
messenga RNA Cm-RNA)
Adenine par wi Uraci CarYies message.e DNA
A=U
Ybosomal RN (T-RNA)previd
Tuanine paits wt Gytosme rog b sile fo proten Synthes1s
eeHbendls 3 transfer RNA C4-RNA)
GEC mansers amino acads to he
Site preretn mhesis,
mnay shucaa oi Nucleic ocid DNA is 1espensible oy genetrc
in mak on
Nucleohides ase Joined togethu
by phaspho inka9ebhus
5 and 3 Corben pentase sug
 Date
Page

Has omenes
harmones
Stevedhl or sex
O
Andaosterene
OTgans o
$eceNen
Funchw
Testes- (ontro) Thedevelapmentf
nov ma
qnl Testostenme - funchioni of male sex organs
developmemnomo
4 Eshodo OVaay- Cowtol e female Sex oreans
Eshoe
uncl
and
Proqesterone Corpas luteum-ot he developet maintenenee
of pregnanty.

yPeptide haamone PoRcy eas maintams

Insulin PArens glucoselnd
T t epothe miIk om mammasy qland
Oxyhecin Postertr
pitui hay qlands conelshe comyacHen
ote Child bitth,
uteru

Vasopressin Cortrel the reabsa ptin of sate

n The kidoey,
)3)Tyroxine
Amio Hatmone
Thyrd Contols meabelialef paoBeins,Carbehyelsotes
Ciodine crtainn gtnd Laprds
Adrenaline Acrened Tt relesse qlutose from glycogen and fakty
Epinephrine medulla Ocidsrom Gos, D also
increse puse rae 4 controls BP.