LHEMISIRY

PROJECT
(SESSION -2023-24)
Suomited to:

Class-x1' :
 LERTHHIE
This is to cerfy that
Master Alok kumar Chaudhary of Class X11
has Comþleted the Project Gntitled
And llG tests
Carbohydiabes
htm self and under my gutdanee during the
aca de mic
year 2023-24.
The pr ogres ot the brofect has
been
repor ted contiruodg
and has been in

conststenity

Teacher in eharge Head of

Instution
 Sincency thonks on subjet tachet
tor herguidance , encouHagernent and
pat throughout he dunat m the project. wi thot
hen mo Uvation and hels the suce o% hul this
project oould mot have been boJsible.
completon t

1 would abo ike o etend my graltude do the eniie

20cing Atatff sehool o thei comslont suproit
lhen I wnnt Jo thank myy
paient,end -and elawrntes
vauable 4ugtor and moHal sucpoAt
Vaious utng
 Ros
Inference ObserVal
and ion 7
ed Matertal,
Re
qwir "Theory >
Experiment
echarides Poly
ea o
CarbohydrabesMon0saccharidclesasiicatof
ion W)
bahydates Car
IDEX dution Lntro
 NIROTUCTION
Carbahydiate
Coibohydwoles (hybotes of conbon) natually ocuing
compounds hoving general fovmulo cH,0ly 1 Lohich Qe
const ct anty
þroduce d in nature & auticihate
tmot ant bib- chemi cal eacions.
lueose OY

Fruetose
Cellulose
and
Staucth
Suerose
But Come
compounds which haue formula ca (M;9y
tab ohyd oie.
Fonrnaldehyt
C, Hy 0),: hceie Acid

There
many conpotunde, which haos chernital beaubr
Corb ehyhr ate but do not torlirm tho

(2- de ogkibose)
(Rahmnose)
(Rahrnnohesose)
 classificati on ot Cabohycbrate

Monosacch arides olfqosaechorideg "foly sace hay tdes

) Mony 9cch oides

A caub ohydr ate that cannot be hydrolysed furtten Jo
gie simple unit polyhgcry aldhyde Ketone
monosacchawde. Aboul 20 monos accho ides
khoon to oceuH in mCctune .
examples : gcose fhuctose , ribose ede.

a) mangs acehar ides clareifred on basts of fune ional gout:

Aldose Monot acchorides hauing Aidehyde greup
Ke tose :Aono gaccharides
Þ)
hauing keto group.
monosochav idos cla s<i fied en bosis d munbey Cabon atoms?
Conbon GHernenl
Ato ms Ternm Aldehgde Ketone

Tiose. Aldo niose keto triose

Tetrose Aldoterore Keioterose

Pentose Aldo þentsce Keto þerloe
6 Hexo se. Aldo He* ose Keto heOe
Hepio se. Aldohegiose Keto heptse.
EVamles of mono saccharides

Glucose
CHo CHO
H -0H
Ho
HO
H
HO
H -0H
HOH
CH,OH
D- Gluose
L- G1luOse

CHclie stuc kures nf Gtucose:

H HO

OH
HO OH
H H

- D- ucose B-D- ucose

fructose
CM,oH
CHa 0H
C=0
cy clic H
HOH - D- Huttose
Struttutes

HoH
CH,0H
D- fvuttose
H HO,

8- D- hutose
l2) oligosacchas ideg
Canbohydala
on hydolcie
thal yield tuuo to ten mmonosacch axide uni
call ed oliq bcacchaidee. They
wdhen clauilied y digaccharidee, tt sa cch aocldes, {04a racchon ides,
defendira upon the numbeh rmono sace har e,
þovide ty
hy olye ts . Mos t common e disa eohaides
" Disacehoides :
Disaccharides on
Same
or cieent monos orchavcides. These tuo none
nono socchaides ote joined by an oxide tiniegy
for rmed
togoteo
the low a sale4 moleeWe. uch inkage
gyeogtde linkage
Exomples
SuerOse On hydr olygis d Suerose eqimolan
and D-l-) ru tose iy obtahed .

+ H,0
SucYos e D-(+)- lucose D-J-4uttose

H
H

Ho
k H
HC

H
Calycostdte 4

linkog
a-D- Cuose B-D- FrUtose
(b Maltose :
On hydrdgts Maltose
gtves gaucoe ory
d- D - glucce unit
Haked
glutose () a lin ked to
me

anothen gtose unft (I).

H
H

H
HO
oH
H

-D- hlucoe T)

C) Latose

o eororondy and
B- D- galattose p- D- bilucoe.
1 comosed

6
CH, OH
CH,OH

B- D- Gtdure
8) Poly Sacchouidos:
Toly sacch autdes Conlin Joige numben montrnecha dde
unih joined togthen by gyotdte Jnkag . They rin
|ocd sBov 0 Suc Aured ratesals.
eyample s:
poymen y -qlutoe and eosisH tuo corrkonen
Angloe
Am
and

yoectin Aemylopeitn Amyhr

js High tontent 9 st orch
ound in ce4eals toots, tubeSy ond Aarme
vngetables.
CH,OH
H H
0H
-0.
OH

W-link H OH
(-in k

Arny loe
C,oH
H

OH
H

BYanch at Ce

H 0H

Anylopecn
 Cellulose
Cellulose 0teurs xrlusiuely in plant and i! is mos
Oani substanee in aburdant
plont kingdon. Celul bse is a
ciraight ehain polysatcehawide Compoted g
uni tohich ie A-D-glutaNe
qlutose Unit and Cy oy ne!
qdul? uni
HOW,C

OH

OH

B-links

aMe stored in
hay oilon sHutture Qnimal

and bAain
amyojin and vathe
tohen the
the bedy
yogen doon to
neede
 EXFERINENT
Aim : To sudy some tests et coibohyrbates in gtven sonple .

cobohydeatt iy formed 4rom the worols cabon and

hyogen.
ubed
Conbohydnoty e mort Cromon chemfcal composnd
et fond. The yollug Me the test to fdoiky he

(1) Moisch's Test

nis test us givcn by almo 4 all dh the
test Conce ntated suilwic acid eon veotkh eabohycyate. In this
urto nya ox i5 deyatves , tohtch the gien cwbohydate
steat uith
to oem a puple coloed bocutt d-napihol
gehling's Test:
This test
gven by acueng ugas. To he aqueou)
solutton cwbohydorate hlig' Abuion s odded ond
heaed in waen batth. "he formaton dy red pre
eipilaBe
Confirrma the praente y weduing g
(3) Benedic1's Test :

mo alium qun by ndueing ugas in an akaline

40clium canbonate tonyes t gutoe to enediol
and his 2n2cliol 1ecuces cuhic to cupv bw orn
uprous hqdoxtde qiving Rod pp Corbohydras
utch has Alde huyde hncional qroup Nor omatie )
ketne
Test
 Sliwes
Drophe 2
41
bumen Bunsen 10
balh waet J
toluuion hydeoride Soium 1:
aciSutfhunC
d Concentyat
ed
Solution lodine
Peagent Tollen's 4.
Rengont Benedict
Rrogn fehling'ks 3.
fragort Molisch'
Roqived: Matbnials
Aeutlon. colowr blue tomplex Aoutin iodine
usith reats sluch staoch. by
given only is\es s Ihis
lodine
silue metausc
Sieduced
to
freglre theconn Th|y o ube test oally inne the
mfvror
on ailven fomsa and e0gent tolle'e
This
Test: Toler's W
 Procedure s
(1)
Molisch's Tecd :
4) Tax
given sample olukon and dd o-3 diops
ol Moli schs Reogrt
2} Nou) odd Conc.
hube. aleng s?des test
3). Acid
4) Noe
4he juncion tuo layo at a bottom.

5)
G violet ving i Jaes
tovned . Hence ite hoot þres erce
(e) cantohyda.
1) ferlirgs
Take 2nl fun aple solutton and odd 2md
ehling's oliution A(eopper culphate is disilled walen
and jeo drops di atpuyie ocid) and fehling's
So luion B odium pol oysium
totaade
and s odienn
hydroxide in 4s0 m dislled uaten).
2) keef the Solution in a
40 rninutes boilirg uatey tah bon about
3) Red pre cipitake i fomed " Herre it showa
presenee
Cobohyclrai e.
(3) Bene ct's Test:
1) Taxe he auen Aernple lutton and add 5md oy
to it:
(9) Bol h stin t about 2rninules and cool lhe
3)

pienence
 Tollen's Test 3
) Taxe 4he
gwen sampte and add 2- 3md dollens Mequt Jo it.
the tesl ube. in a boiling Lode boh fo1 40o vrinLkes .
(3) Il heve
he appcotanee. , hi ny slven rin to4 con?ny

5) Todine Test

) Take he nmple Alucki on nd add

doeiom. 2-3 dy opa odíne
Obseve he chonge
S) The charg
appeaante a
in colowr

de colouun then pienente c teich

 Obsovalions and In ference

Test Glucose Lactose. Sucrose tarch

Molisch's Punpe Purple Purple Pur ple

test ting ing ring

Folings
test
Red

þiei7itale
Red N No
ecipitatepre ripitadeeciitate
Benedielt Red Red No No

test þreilpilade ecitate neciitade prechitate

Tollen's nppenance Arteane No No
silvey
test minor iYOY

Iodine NO No No peanonce,
3400ion 1blue
tect 3100c4ion Colows
slom.
 Results:
from Ahis evpeimert lon clude that

luose iy þesent n the compound then, it giws positive,

Molishs test, (ehing' Benedict s lest and
Tollen's test.
" Lartose is esent in he eornipound hen, it gives
Mou schs 4est, test, Benedict's test an d
feting'
Tollen's test positve
Suerole is oaent in the cornhourd then, it g ves ny
Moisch's test poitive.

I} stanch is aeent in the eorehasnd then, it gives a

MoBsch's test and Iocine Aest posttve .
’ https:| ww0. tudocu corm
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com
wikipedia
Ncert textbook class - X||
Chernical Land com (cheritig)
THE

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