;dm ridhkh

TechhubLK.con

;dm ridhkh (Thermo Chemistry)

;dmh hkq Yla;s m%fNaohls' Yla;sh ueùug fyda úkdY lsÍug fkdyel'
th tla moaO;shl isg ;j;a moaO;shlg .,dhdu muKla isÿfõ' ;dmh fuf,i
moaO;s folla w;r my; wdldr j,g yqjudre úh yel.

 ;dmh
 ld¾h

;dm ridhk yd iïnkaO uQ,sl ixl,am

;dmh ( Heat )
WIaK;aj fjkila fya;=fjka yg.kakd Yla;s m%jdyh ;dmh f,i y÷kajhs' ta
wkqj ;dmh hkq" ixl%uKh jk Yla;shls' fuf,i moaO;s folla w;r ;dmh
yqjudre jk m%Odk wdldr ;=kls'

 ixjykh
 ikakhkh
 úlsrKh

ixjykh (- m%Odk jYfhka øj iy jdhq j, ;dmh .,dhdu isÿjk wdldrh

fuhhs' fuys§ wKq .,dhEu u.ska ;dmh moaO;sh ;=< me;sÍhdu isÿfõ'
o WKqiqï c,h isis,a c,hg iuÕ ñY% lsÍu'
ikakhkh (- >k moaO;sj, ;dmhmh .,dhdu isÿjk m%Odk l%uh fuhhs'
fuys§ moaO;sfha wKqj, .,d hEula isÿ fkdfõ kuq;a wKqj, we;s pd,l
Yla;sh tla wKqjlska ;j;a wKqjlg iïfm%aIKh ùu isÿ fõ'
o hlv lïìhla tla fl<jrla r;a lsÍfï§ tys wfkla fl<jrg
ikakhkh u.ska ;dmh .,d hEu isÿfõ'
úlsrKh (- moaO;shlska ;j;a moaO;shlg udOHhla rys;j ^ßla;h yryd& ;dmh
yqjudre jk m%Odk l%uh fuh fõ' fuys§ Yla;sh iïfm%aIKh jkqfha úoHq; a
pqïnl ;rx. wdldrfhks'
o iQ¾hdf.a isg mDÓúhg ;dmh .,dhEu úlsrKh u.ska isÿfõ'

1 Nishida Kaushika
TechhubLK.con

ld¾hh ( Work )
hï ÈYdjla Tiafia jia;=jla p,kh lrkq ms‚i fjk;a jia;=jlska isÿlrk
Yla;s ixl%uKh ld¾hh f,i ye¢ka fõ'

Yla;sh ( Energy )
hï ld¾hhla isÿ lsÍug we;s Odß;dj$yelshdj Yla;sh kï fõ'

moaO;sh ( System )
wOHhkh i|yd wjldYfhka fjkaalr.kakd fldgi moaO;sh f,i y÷kajhs'

mßirh$ jgmsgdj
jldYfha moaO;sh yer b;sß ish¨u m%foaY mßir mßirhhs' ;jo f;dard.;a
moaO;sh yer b;sß ish,a, mßirh fõ'

udhsu
moaO;sh" mßirfhka fjka lrk iSudj ke;fyd;a mDIaGh fï kñka y÷kajhs'

úYajh
moaO;sfha;a mrsirfh;a tl;=j fuysoS úYajh f,i w¾: oelafõ'

udhsu

moaO;sh

mrsirh

2 Nishida Kaushika
TechhubLK.con

moaO;sh;a mßirhla w;r mod¾: yd Yla;sh yqjudre jk wdldrh wkqj moaO;s

j¾. ;=kla we;'

1. újD; moaO;s
2. ixjD; moaO;s
3. tAl,s; moaO;s

újD; moaO;s

moaO;sh mod¾: $ Yla;h

s

moaO;sh;a mßirh;a w;r udhsu yryd Yla;sh fukau mod¾: yqjudre úh yels
moaO;s fï kñka y÷kajhs'
Wod (-
o oe,afjk bá mkaou" újD; ldurh

ixxjD; moaO;s

moaO;sh mod¾: $ Yla;h

s

moaO;sh;a mßirh;a w;r udhsu yryd mod¾: yqjudre úh fkdyels jQj;a

Yla;sh muKla yqjudre úh yels moaO;s ixjD; moaO;s kï fõ'
Wod (-
o mshk jik ,o fnda;,hla" iQ;%sld n,anhla

3 Nishida Kaushika
TechhubLK.con

tAl,s; moaO;s

moaO;sh mod¾: $ Yla;h

s

moaO;sh;a mßirh;a w;r moaO;s udhsu yryd Yla;sh yd mod¾: folu yqjudre
úh fkdyels moaO;s tAl,s; moaO;s kï fõ'
Wod (-
o WKq j;=r fnda;,h" ì;a;rh

;dmodhl m%;sl%h
s d
m%;sl%shdjla wjidkfha § m%;sl%sh l j, WIaK;ajhg M, f.k tAu i|yd
mßirhg ;dmh msg lrk" tkï ridhksl úm¾hdihl § M, iE§fï§ mßirhg
;dmh uqod yßñka isÿjk m%;sl%shd ;dmodhl m%;sl%shd kïfõ'

;dmh

m%;sl%shl M,

m%;sl%h
s l M, ¬ Yla;sh

4 Nishida Kaushika
TechhubLK.con

Yla;s úm¾hdih
m%;sl%shdjla isÿùfï§ m%;sl%shl iy M,j, Yla;sfha isÿjk fjkia ùu
Yla;s úm¾hdih f,i y÷kajhs'

Yla;s úm¾hdih = wjidk Yla;h

s - wdrïNl Yla;h
s

;dmodhl m%;sl%shdjl"

m%;sl%shl i;= Yla;sh > M, i;= Yla;sh

Em%;sl%shl > EM,

Em%;sl%shl - EM,
;dmodhl m%;sl%shdjl Yla;s úm¾hdih iEuúgu RK ( - ) w.hla .kS'

;dmodhl m%;sl%h
s djl Yla;s igyk

Yla;sh
m%;sl%shl

= ( - ) w.hls

M,

;dmodhl m%;sl%shd i|yd WodyrK

 ish¨ oyk m%;sl%shd

 wï, NIau m%;sl%shd
 m%n, wï, c,h iu. isÿlrk m%;sl%shd
 m%n, NIau c,h iu. isÿlrk m%;sl%shd

5 Nishida Kaushika
TechhubLK.con

;dm wjfYdaIl m%;sl%h

s d
ridhksl m%;sl%shdjla isÿùfï§ M, j, WIaK;ajh "m%;sl%shl mj;sk
WIaK;ajhg m;a ùu i|yd mßirfhka ;dmh Wrd .kS kï tkï ridhksl
m%;sl%shdjl M, iE§fï§ mßirfhka ;dmh wjfYdaIKh lrkq ,nk m%;sl%shd"
;dm wjfYdaIl m%;sl%shd kïfõ'

;dmh

m%;sl%h
s l M,

m%;sl%h
s l ¬ Yla;sh M,

;dm wjfYdaIl m%;sl%shdjl"

m%;sl%shl i;= Yla;sh < M, i;= Yla;sh

Em%;sl%shl < EM,

Em%;sl%shl - EM,
;dm wjfYdaIl m%;sl%shdjl Yla;s úm¾hdih iEuúgu Ok(+) w.hla .kS'

;dm wjfYdaIl m%;l

s %shdjl Yla;s igyk

Yla;sh
M,

= ( + ) w.hls

m%;sl%shl

6 Nishida Kaushika
TechhubLK.con

;dm wjfYdaIl m%;sl%shd i|yd WodyrK

 .aÆfldaia c,fha Èhùu

 wefudakshï ,jK c,fha Èh lsÍu
 hQßhd fmdfydr c,fha Èh lsÍu

mod¾:fha fN!;sl wjia:d

>k

jdIamSlrKh $
jdIamSNjkh
jdhq øj
>kSNjkh

ú,hkh

>k øj
>k wjia:dfõ mj;sk mod¾:hla øj wjia:djg m;aùug wod< l,dm ixl%uKh
wdY%s; fN!;sl l%shdj,sh ú,hkh f,i y÷kajhs'

7 Nishida Kaushika
TechhubLK.con

ysudhkh

øj >k
øj wjia:dfõ mj;sk mod¾:hla >k wjia:djg m;aùug wod< l,dm ixl%uKh
wdY%s; fN!;sl l%shdj,sh ysudhkh f,i y÷kajhs'

W!¾Ojmd;kh

>k jdhq
>k wjia:dfõ mj;sk mod¾:hla øj wjia:djg m;a fkdù jdhq wjia:djg
m;aùug wod< l,dm ixl%uKh wdY%s; fN!;sl l%shdj,sh W!¾Ojmd;kh f,i
y÷kajhs'

m%;sW!¾Ojmd;kh

jdhq >k
jdhq wjia:dfõ mj;sk mod¾:hla øj wjia:djg m;a fkdù >k wjia:djg
m;aùug wod< l,dm ixl%uKh wdY%s; fN!;sl l%shdj,sh m%;sW!¾Ojmd;kh
f,i y÷kajhs'

jdIamSlrKh yd jdIamN
S jkh

øj jdhq
;dmdxlfhaoS øjhla jdhq njg m;aùug wod< l,dm ixl%uKh wdY%s; fN!;sl
l%shdj,sh jdIamSlrKh f,i y÷kajhs'
øjhla ;dmdxlhg fmr WIaK;ajhloS jdhq njg m;aùug wod< l,dm ixl%uKh
wdY%s; fN!;sl l%shdj,sh jdIamSNjkh f,i y÷kajhs'

ix>kSNjkh

jdhq øj
jdhq wjia:dfõ mj;sk mod¾:hla øj wjia:djg m;aùug wod< l,dm ixl%uKh
wdY%s; fN!;sl l%shdj,sh ix>kSNjh f,i y÷kajhs' fuh jdIamSlrKfha
m%;súreoaO l%shdj,shhs'

8 Nishida Kaushika
TechhubLK.con

ujq, iy idkaøKh
mrudKq ujq,
hïlsis mrudKqjl idfmalaI mrudKql ialkaOh .%Eï j,ska m%ldY l< úg
th mrudKq ujq,hls'

o H ( idfmalaI mrudKql ialkaOh = 1 ) 1g mrudKq ujq, 1

o O ( idfmalaI mrudKql ialkaOh = 16 ) 16g mrudKq ujq, 1
o N ( idfmalaI mrudKql ialkaOh = 14 ) 14g mrudKq ujq, 1
wKq ujq,
hïlsis wKqqjl ^ mrudKq tllg jvd ixfhdackh ù we;s & idfmalaI wKql
ialkaOh .%Eï j,ska m%ldY l< úg th wKq ujq,hls'

o O2 32g wKq ujq, 1

o N2 28g wKq ujq, 1

idkaøKh
tAll mßudjl Èhù we;s mod¾: ujq, m%udKh idkaøKh f,i w¾: oelafõ'

( mol )

idkaøKfha tall = moldm-3

o 1L 1000ml 1000cm3 1dm3

o 1m3 1000L 1000dm3
o 1m3 103L 1000cm3

9 Nishida Kaushika
TechhubLK.con

ødjKhl idkaøKh oelaúh yels wdldr folls'

1. ujq,sl;djh
2. ujq,Sh;djh

1. ujq,sl;djh
ødjKhl mrsudjg idfmalaIjj osh ù we;s mod¾: m%udKh tAll mßudjloS
ujq, .Kk f,i ,nd .;a úg ujq,sl;djh ^ idkaøKh & fõ'

2. ujq,Sh;djh
ødjKhl ialkaOhg idfmalaIj osh ù we;s ujq, m%udKh ujq,Sh;dj f,i
ye¢kafõ' tkï tall ialkaOhl Èhù we;s ujq, m%udKh ujq,Sh;djh f,i
w¾: olajhs'

( mol )

ujq,Sh;djfha tall = molkg-1

10 Nishida Kaushika
TechhubLK.con

m%;sl%h
s d ;dmh
hï ridhksl m%;sl%shdjla iïu; ;;a;aj hgf;a isÿlrk úg tys ;=,s;
iólrKfhka oelafjk m%;sl%shl ujq, m%udKhka m%;sl%shd lsÍfï§ we;sjk ;dm
úm¾hdih m%;sl%shd ;dmh f,i ye¢kafõ'

 m%;sl%shd ;dmh .Kkh lrk wdldrh

1. ridhksl iólrKh ;=,s; lsrSu'

2. m%;sl%shdjg fhdojk ,o m%;sl%shl ujq, m%udKh .Kkh lsÍu'
3. m%;sl%shdl j, iafgdhslsfhdañ;sl wkqmd;h ,nd .ekSu'

iafgdhslsfhdañ;sl wkqmd;h hkq "

;=,s; iólrKhfhka oelafjk m%;sl%shl ujq, m%udK w;r wkqmd;h hs'

4. iafgdhslsfhdañ;sl wkqmd;hh wkqj m%;s l%shd lrk ,o m%;sl%shl ujq,

m%udKh .Kkh lsÍu'
5. fyda fjk;a l%uhla Ndú;d lr ;dm úm¾hdih .Kkh lsÍu'
6. m%;sl%shd lrk ,o m%;sl%shl ujq, m%udKh wkqj m%;sl%shd ;dmh .Kkh
lsÍu'

ridhksl m%;sl%h
s djl m%;sl%h
s d ;dmh .Kkh lsrSu

11 Nishida Kaushika
TechhubLK.con

ridhksl m%;sl%shdjl m%;sl%shd ;dmh mrSlaIKd;aulj fiùu i|yd fhdod

.kakd úoHd;aul l%uh ;dmñ;sh ( Clariometry ) f,i y÷kajhs'

WodyrK (-

0.2 moldm-3 HCl ødjKfhka 50cm3 iy 0.2 moldm-3 NaOH ødjKfhka

50cm3la m%;sl%shd lrjk ,os' m%;sl%shl j, wdrïNl WIaK;ajh 25oC jQ w;r
ñY%Kfha wjidk Wmrsu WIaK;ajh 39oC úh'

 m%;sl%shdj i|yd ;=,s; iólrKh

NaOH ( aq ) + HCl ( aq ) NaCl ( aq ) + H2O ( l )

 wdrïNl WIaK;ajh =
= 25oC

 ñY%Kfha WIaK;aj wdrïNl WIaK;ajh – wjidk Wmrsu WIaK;ajh

fjki

= ( 39 – 25 ) oC

= 140C

 m%;sl%shdjg fhdojk ,o HCl ujq, .Kk ( 0.2 moldm-3 HCl ødjKfhka 50cm3 ...…)

1dm-3 0.2 mol

1000cm3 0.2 mol

.
50cm3
20

0.01 mol

12 Nishida Kaushika
TechhubLK.con

 m%;sl%shdjg fhdojk ,o NaOH ujq, .Kk ( 0.2 moldm-3 HCl ødjKfhka 50cm3..…)

1dm-3 0.2 mol

1000cm3 0.2 mol

.
50cm3
20

0.01 mol

 m%;sl%shl j, iafgdhslsfhdañ;sl wkqmd;h

NaOH : HCl = 1 : 1
iafgdhslsfhdañ;sl wkqmd;h = 1 : 1

 ødjKfha uq¿ mrsudj = 50cm3 + 50cm3 = 100cm3

 ødjKfha ialkaOh

1gcm-3 100cm3
100 g

0.1 kg

 m%;sl%shd l< NaOH iy HCl ujq, .Kk

m%;sl%shd l< NaOH ujq, .Kk = 0.01 mol

m%;sl%shd l< HCl ujq, .Kk = 0.01 mol

( iafgdhslsfhdañ;sl wkqmd;h = 1 : 1 jk ksid )

13 Nishida Kaushika
TechhubLK.con

 m%;sl%shdfõ ;dm úm¾hdih

= 0.1 kg 4200 J kg-1 K-1 14

= 5880 J

 m%;sl%shd ;dmh
.

588 000 Jmol-1

588 kJ mol-1

by; mrSlaIKfhaoS my; Wml,amk j,g t<eôh hq;h

= '''

1. ;dmh n÷k yryd .uka fkdlrk ^ tal,s; moaO;shla & nj'

2. n÷k ;dmh Wrd fkd.kakd nj'
3. n÷k ;=< we;s ødjKfha >k;ajh" c,fha >k;ajh jk 1000kgm-3 /1gcm-3 u
jk nj'
4. c,fha úYsIag ;dm Odrs;dj jk 4200 Jkg-1K-1 u ødjKfha úYsIag ;dm
Odrs;djh jk nj'
5. ridhksl m%;sl%shdfjka msg jQ ;dmh ødjKfha WIaK;ajh jeä ùu i|yd
muKla fhdod .;a nj'
6. mrsud ixfldapkhla isÿfkdjk nj'

14 Nishida Kaushika
TechhubLK.con

m%;sl%h
s d ;dmfhys m%fhda.sl jeo.;alu

 lsishï ridhksl m%;sl%shdjloS ksmojk ;dmh ms<sn| wjfndaOhla ,nd

.ekSu i|yd'
 ksmofjk ;dmh fya;=fjka WIaK;ajh jeä jQ úg ta i|yd Tfrd;a;= fok
WmlrK ieoSug'
 úúO ridhksl l¾udka;Yd,d j,g wjYH jk wdldrhg ;dmh bj;a
lrk fuj,ï ksIamdokfhaoS m%;sl%shd ;dmh ms<sn| ie,ls,su;a ùu'

ksh; mSvk ;;a;aj hgf;a ukskq ,nk m%;sl%shd ;dmh

m%;sl%h
s d tka;e,amsh f,i y÷kajhs'

wfma msgqjg Link tl

https://www.facebook.com/ALTechhubLK/

15 Nishida Kaushika