temtKmkv ]T-\-k-lmbn þ 2022

aÀt¡mkv 9þ16

kphn-ti-j -I¿Ømhv
a¿t°mkns‚ kphn-ti-jØns‚ cNbn-Xm-hv, Xs‚ hy‡nXzw kphn-ti-j-Øn¬ Hcn-SØpw shfn-s∏-
Sp-Øp-∂n-√. c≠mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ BZy -]m-Z-Øn¬ Pohn-®n-cp∂ {KŸ-Im-c\pw lnb-cm-s∏m-fn-knse _nj-
∏p-amb ]∏n-bm-kmWv c≠mwImt\m-\nI kphntij-Øns‚ {KŸ-I¿Øm-hn-s\°p-dn®v BZy-ambn km£y-
s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. At±lØns‚ hm°p-I-fn¬ a¿t°m-kmWv c≠mw kphn-ti-j-Øns‚ I¿Ømhv.
"a¿t°mkv ]t{Xm-kns‚ Zzn-`m-jn-bpw, ]t{Xm-kn¬ \n∂ptI´ Imcy-߃ apgp-h\pw Hm¿abn¬h®v Fgp-
Xnb Bfp-am-Wv. a¿t°m-kn\v ]t{Xm-kn-t\m-Sp≈ _‘w F¥m-bn-cp-∂m-epw, a¿t°m-kns‚ t]cne-
dnbs∏Sp∂ kphn-ti-j-Øns‚ {KŸ-I¿Ømhv At±lw Xs∂-bm-sW-∂p≈ Imcy-Øn¬ an° ]fin
-Xcpw GIm-`n-{]m-b-ap-≈-h-cm-Wv. am{X-a-√, A∏-kvtXme{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fnepw ]utem-kns‚ teJ-\-ß-
fnepw ]cm-a¿in-°p∂ ""a¿t°mkv F∂ A]-c-\m-aap≈ tbml-∂m≥'' Cu a¿t°mkv Xs∂-bmWv
F∂pw A`n-{]m-b-ap≠v (A-∏. 12.12,25; 13.5,13; 15.37,39; sImtfm 4.10; 2 Xntam 4.11; ^nse 24). kphn-ti-j-
Øns‚ Dt±iyw tdmanse hnPm-Xob {InkvXym\n-Iƒ°p-th≠nbmWv a¿t°mkv kphntijw Fgp-Xn-
bXv F∂ ]pcm-X\ ]mc-º-cytØmSv (]-∏nbm-kv, Fhp-tk-_n-bqkv, CctW-hq-kv, HcnP≥, Ae-I-
vkm¨{Un-bm-bnse s¢a‚ v, Ptdmw, Ft{^w XpS-ßn-bh¿) ]e B[p-\nI ]fin-Xcpw tbmPn-°p-∂p.
]me-kvXo≥Imc-√mØhnPm-Xo-b¿°p-th≠n-bm-WnXp cNn°-s∏-´X - v F∂-Xn\p Nne kqN\-Iƒ kphnti-
j-Øn¬ Xs∂bp-≠v. Ah¿°p-th≠n a¿t°mkv Nne Ad-amb ]Z-ßfpw ssien-Ifpw hnh¿Ø\w
sNøp-Ibpw (cf. 3.17, 5.41; 7.11, 34; 14.36; 15.22, 34) blq-ZcpsS Nne BNm-cm-\p-jvTm\߃ hnh-cn-°p-Ibpw
sNøp∂p (cf. 7.3,4; 14.12; 15.42). kphn-ti-jØns‚ {Ko°paqe-Øn¬ kpe-`-ambn°m-Wp∂ eØo≥]Z-
ßfpw Cu tdma≥ e£y-amWv hy‡-am-°p-∂Xv. aØmbn Fgp-Xnb kphn-ti-j-Øn¬ {]hN\-ß-fpsS
]q¿Øo-I-c-W-ambn tbiphns\ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂p. Cu {]tXyIcoXn a¿t°mkv hfsc hnc-f-amtb
Ah-ew-_n-°p-∂p-≈q. t\tc -adn®v hnPm-Xob¿°p≈ tbip-hns‚ ZuXy-Øn\v a¿t°mkv khn-ti-j-
amb Du∂¬ \¬Ip-∂p. (cf. a¿t°m 5.1,41; 7.24,37; 8.1,10; 11.17 XpS-ßn-b-h) am{X-a√ blq-Z -\n-b-aß-
tfmSpw BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-\-ß-tfm-Sp-ap≈ hy‡-amb FXn¿∏v At±lw {]I-S-am°p∂p-ap-≠v (cf. a¿t°m
2.1, 3:6; 7.1,23). a¿t°mkv hnPm-Xob ss{IkvX-h -k-aql-Øn-\p-th≠n Fgp-Xn-sb-∂mWv kphn-ti-j-
Ønse B¥-cn-I-amb Cu sXfnhpI-fn¬ \n∂p \mw a\- n-em-t°-≠-Xv.
cN\: ÿehpw Imehpw
ap≥]-d™ Imcy-ß-fn¬\n∂v Ak∂n-KvZ-amb sXfnhv e`n°p-∂n-s√-¶nepw, a¿t°m-kns‚ kphn-ti-j-
Øns‚ D¤hw tdmam-bn-em-sW-∂p-≈-XmWv Dd® BZn-a -]m-c-º-cyw. tdmanse a¿±nX-k` kphn-tij
cN\m-th-f-bn¬ a¿t°m-kns‚ap∂n-ep≠m-bn-cp-∂Xp-sIm-≠mImw, tbip-hns\ A\p-K-an-°m-\m-{Kln-
°p∂-h¿ Bfl-]-cn-Xym-K-Øn\pw ]oUm-k-l-\Øn\pw Xøm-dm-I-W-sa-∂mWv a¿t°mkv Du∂n-∏-d-bp-
∂Xv. cN\m-Imew IrXy-ambn ]d-bm≥ _p≤n-ap-´p-s≠-¶nepw F.-Un.64\pw 70-˛\pw CS-bv°m-sW∂v an°
]fin-Xcpw A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.
a¿t°m-kns‚ ssien
\mep kphn-ti-j-ß-fn¬ G‰hpw sNdp-XmWv a¿t°m-kn-t‚-Xv. At±-l-Øns‚ `mj hfsc hy‡hpw
teJ-\ -ssien efn-Xhpw kPo-h-hp-am-Wv. tbipkw-`h-Øns‚ KXn-thKw `mj-bn¬ Zriy-am-Wv. ssZh-
im-kv{X-sam-∂p-adn-bmØkm[m-c-W-°m¿°v CjvS-s∏-Sp∂ HmP- p-≈, NSp-e-amb `mj-bmWv AXn-\p-
≈Xv. lrZ-blm-cn-bmb Hcp BJym-\-ambn a¿t°m-kns‚ kphn-ti-jsØ F√mhcpw Xs∂ Icp-Xp-
∂p. F∂m¬ tbip-hns‚ Pohn-X-sØbpw ip{iq-j-sbbpw ]‰n efn-Xhpw EPphp-amb Hcp hnh-c-W-a√
a¿t°m-kn-t‚Xv. tbip ]mc-º-cy߃ kam-l-cn®v BJym-\-cq-]-Øn-em-°pI am{X-a√ kphn-ti-j-I≥
sNbvX-Xv. tbip-hns‚ hN-\-ß-ƒ, {]hr-Øn-Iƒ, ]oUm-\p-`hw, acWw Ch-bpsS {]m[m-\y-sØ-∏‰n
AKm-[-amb t_m[yhpw Ah-Km-lhp-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p a¿t°m-kn\v. Nne ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-amb Dt±-iy
-ßfpw {]t_m-[-\]-camb XmXv]-cy-ßfpw At±-lsØ \bn-®n-cp-∂p. ÿe-Im-e-߃°-\p-krXw, A\p-
{I-a-ambn tbip-kw-`hw AhX-cn-∏n-°p-Ibm-bn-cp-∂n√ a¿t°m-kns‚ apJy-e-£yw. a¿t°mkv kphn-ti-
jØn¬ {]Xn-]mZn-°p∂ hnhn[ ]mc-º-cy-ßsf Zp¿_e-ambn Iq´n-bn-W-°n-bn-cn°p-∂Xv ""ho≠pw'',
""F∂n´v'', ""DS≥'', ""AhnsS \n∂v'', ""Ah≥ t]mbn'' XpS-ßnb {]tbm-Kß-fn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. Ch Poh-N-cn-
{X-]-ctam Imem-\p-{I-atam Bb {]tXyI Dt±-iy-߃ H∂pw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂n-√. kam-\amb ]mc-
ºcy hkvXp-X-Iƒ Dƒs°m-≈p∂ ]e-K-W-߃ a¿t°mkns‚ kphnti-j-Øn-ep-≠v. AXm-bXv 2.1-
˛3.6¬ A©v hnhm-Z -hn-hc-W-ßfpw(conflict stories) 4.1˛34 ¬ hnØns‚ aq∂v D]-a-Ifpw 4.35-˛5.43¬ tbip-
hns‚ \mev AZv`p-X-ß-fpsS hnh-c-Whpw 11.27-˛12.37 ¬ as‰mcp KWw hnhm-Zßfpw ImWmw. Cu KW-
߃ kphn-ti-j-c-N\bv°p apºp-Xs∂ D≠m-bn-cp∂-hbm-bn-cn-°-Ww. kphn-ti-j-Ønse Ch-bpsS
{Iao-IcWw Imem\p-{I-atam Poh-N-cn-{X-]-ctam F∂Xn-ep-]cn {]tab-]-camb Hcp ]cn-K-W-\-bmWv
shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. F¥mbmepw kphn-ti-j-Øn¬ hnh-cn-®n-cn-°p∂ {Ia-Øn-e√ Cu kw`-h-߃ \S-
∂-Xv. Hcp kw`h hnh-cW-Øn-\n-Sbv°v as‰m∂v XncpIn°b-‰p∂ Hcp {]tXyIcN\m-ssien a¿t°m-
kns‚ kphn-ti-j-Øn¬ ImWmw. 3.21˛35 \p≈n¬ 3.22˛30; 5.21˛43 \p≈n¬ 5.25˛34; 6.7˛30 \p≈n¬
6.14˛29; 11.12˛26 \p≈n¬ 11.15˛19 XpS-ßnbh kmln-Xy-]-c-amb Cu cN-\m-X-{¥-Øn\v DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv.
tbip-hns‚ ip{iqjsb kw_‘n®p≈ s]mXp-hmb kw£n]vX {]kvXm-h-\Iƒ (cf. 1.32,34,39,45; 2.13;
3.7,12; 6.6b,53.,56; {]tXy-I-ambn 1.14,15) hcm≥ t]mIp∂ kw`-h-ß-sf-°p-dn®p t{imXm-°ƒ°v \evIp∂
ap∂-dnbn∏v (4:1\p apºv 3.9; 3.31,35\p apºv 3.21; 11.15,18\p apºv 11.11;14.66,72 \p apºv 14.54) Chbpw kphn-ti-
j-Is‚ {]tXyIssienbmWv. Cu h¿jsØ ]T-\-`m-K-amb a¿t°m-kns‚ kphn-tijØnse 9 apX¬
16 hsc-bp≈ A[ym-b-ß-fnse {]tXyIw {i≤n-t°≠ hN-\-ßfpw hm°p-I-fp-amWv Cu eLp-]-T-\-Øn¬
Dƒt®¿Øn-cn-°p-I.

cq]m-´c
- o-Ic
- Ww (9,2-þ13)
9,1: iàntbmsS: ssZh-cmPyw ssZh-¯nsâ iàn-bm Cu `qan-bn k`-bn-eqsS Øm]n-X-am-Ip-sa¶v
]Þn-X-cn NneÀ CXns\ a\kn-em-¡p-t¼mÄ, A´y-hn[n Bk-¶-am-sW¶ kqN-\-bmWv Cu hN-
\-§-fn-ep-Å-sX¶v aäp-Nn-eÀ Icp-Xp-¶p.
acn-¡p-I-bn-Ãm¯ NneÀ: ssZh-cmPykwØm-]-\-¯nsâ \nÀWm-b-I- \n-an-j-§-fmb Ipcn-ip-a-c-W-
¯n\pw D°m-\-¯n\pw km£n-I-fm-Ip-sa-¶-XmWv tbip-hnsâ Cu hmKvZm-\-¯nsâ s]mcpÄ. tbip-
hnsâ al-¯z-¯nsâ ap¶m-kzm-Z\w, XpSÀ¶p- hn-h-cn-¡p¶ tbip-hnsâ cq]m-´-co-I-c-W-¯n kphn-
ti-j-I³ ImWp-¶p.
9,2-þ8: A¸-kvtXm-e-·mÀ¡v H¶mw ]oUm-\p-`h{]h-N\w (8,31.32-) CSÀ¨bv¡p Imc-W-am-sb-¦nÂ, cq]m-
´-co-I-cWw Ah-cpsS hnizmks¯ kpZr-V-am-¡n. tbiphnsâ Úm\-kv\m-\-s¯-t¸mse Cu kw`-
hhpw ]cn-ip² {XnXzs¯ shfn-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p: ]nXm-hnsâ i_vZw (9,7) apg-§n-t¡Ä¡p-¶p, ]p{X³
cq]m-´-c-s¸-Sp¶p (9,2), ]cn-ip-²m-ßmhv taL-¯n (9,7) k¶n-ln-X-\m-Ip-¶p. ac-Ws¯ Iog-S-¡nb
tbip-hnsâ aln-a-{]-m`-h-s¯-¡p-dn¨v 2 tImdn 3,18þDw 2 ]t{Xm 1,16-þ19þDw hnh-cn-¡p-¶p-v. a¯m 17,1þ8.
9,2: Bdp- Zn-hkw Ignªv: tami ko\mbvae-bn Bdp Znhkw sNe-h-gn-¨p-I-gnªv (]pd 24,15.16) Ggmw
Znhkw ssZhw {]Xy-£-s¸-«-Xns\ CXv A\p-kva-cn-¸n-¡p-¶p. ]t{Xmkns\bpw ...: tbiphnsâ Gä-hp-
a-Sp¯ aq¶p kl-Nm-cn-IÄ.
DbÀ¶ ae: Keo-en-bnse Xmt_mÀ ae-X-s¶-bmWv CsX¶mWvv ]c-¼-cm-K-X- hnizm-kw. ssZh-im-kv{X-
]-c-ambn Cu ae ko\mbvae-bpsS ]pXn-b-\n-ba {]Xn-cq-]-amWv. ko\m-bv aebnÂh¨v ssZhw tamibv¡pw
(]pd 24,15-þ18) Gen-bmbv¡pw (1 cmPm 19,8-þ18) Xsâ al¯zw shfn-s¸-Sp-¯n-bXp-t]mse tbip
injy³amÀ¡v Xsâ ssZhnI {]Xm]w shfn-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p. cq]m-´-c-s¸«p: "saä-tamÀt^msY' F¶ ]Z-
¯n\v "cq]w amdn' F¶m-WÀYw. D°m-\-¯n-\p-tijw tbip kzoI-cn-¡m-\n-cn-¡p¶ al-¯z-]qÀW-amb
cq]-¯nsâ Zriy-am-Wn-Xv.
9,4.5: Gen-bmbpw tamibpw: ChÀ ]g-b-\n-b-a-¯nse {]h-N-\-§-sfbpw \nb-a-§sfbpw ko\m-bva-e-
bpsS ]Ým-¯-e-¯n-Â {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-¡p¶p (]pd 19,16-þ20; 1 cmPm 19,2.8þ14). tami FhnsS kwkvIcn-¡-
s¸«psh¶v BÀ¡p-a-dn-bn-Ãm-¯-Xn-\mepw (\nb 34,5þ8) Genbm Aán-c-Y-¯n FSp-¡-s¸-«-Xn-\mepw (2
cmPm 2,1-þ11) ChÀ acn-¨n-«nà F¶mWv blqZ ]mc-¼-cyw. tbiphmWv hmKvZm\w sN¿-s¸« anin-lmbpw
]pXnb DS-¼-Sn-bpsS a[y-Ø-\p-sa¶v tamibpw Gen-bmbpw km£y-s¸-Sp-¯p¶p (eq¡m 24,25-þ27;
tbml 5,39). aq¶p IqSmc§Ä: a¯m 17,4.
9,7: Hcp taLw ... Bh-c-Ww-sNbvXp: ]g-b-\n-b-a-¯n kam-K-a-Iq-Smcw taL-¯m Bh-cWw sN¿-
s¸-Sp-t¼mÄ P\-§-fpsS a[y-¯n ssZh-¯nsâ km¶n-[y-ap-m-Ip-¶p-sh-¶mWv kqN\ (]p-d 40,34-.35).
Pdp-ktewtZhm-e-b¯n IÀ¯m-hnsâ tXPÊmb taLw \ndªncp¶p (1 cmPm 8,10).
Chs\ {ihn-¡p-hn³: tami-sb-t¸mse asämcp {]hm-N-Is\ DbÀ¯p-sa¶v bmlvth hmKvZm-\w-sN-
bvXn-cp-¶p (\nb 18,15). tami-sb-t¸m-epÅ {]hm-N-I³ tbip Xs¶-bm-sW¶v Cu hm¡p-I-fn-eqsS
]nXmhv hyà-am-¡p¶p (tbml 6,14; A¸ 3,22). a¯m 17,5.
9,9þ13: cq]m-´-co-I-c-W-th-f-bn tbip-hn-t\m-sSm¸w Gen-bmsb injyÀ ImWp-I-bp-m-bn. Genbm
BZyw hc-W-sa¶v {]h-Nn-¡-s¸-«n-«p-ÅXn-\m (aem 4,5.6) tbip-hn-t\m-sSm¸w Gen-bmsb ZÀin¨
injy-·mÀ A¼-c-¶Xv kzm`m-hn-Iw. kv\m]-I-tbm-l-¶m-³ Gen-bm-Xs¶bm-sW¶v injy-·mÀ¡v tbip
hni-Zo-I-cn¨psImSp-¯p. kv\m]-Is\t¸mse Xm\pw ]oU-IÄ kln-¡p-Ibpw \nµ-\-§Ä Gev¡p-Ibpw
sN¿-W-sa¶pw tbip ]d-bp-¶p. aÀt¡m 6,14-þ29.
9,10: acn-¨-h-cnÂ\n¶v DbnÀ¡pI: ]pXn-b-\n-ba Ime-L-«-¯nse blq-Z-cp-sS-bn-S-bn s]mXp- D-°m-\-
s¯-¡p-dn-¨pÅ hnizmkw hym]-I-ambn-cp¶p (Zm\n 12,2; tbml 11,23-þ25; A¸ 24,15). k±p-¡m-bÀ am{Xta
CXv {]I-S-ambn FXnÀ¯n-cp-¶pÅq (12,18). tbip Xsâ D°m-\-s¯-¡p-dn¨p ]d-bp-t¼mÄ injy-·mÀ
Nn´m-¡p-g-¸-¯n-em-Ip-I-bmWv; Imc-Ww, acn¨v D°m\w sN¿p¶ Hcp anin-lmsb¡pdn¨v AhÀ¡v k¦-
ev]n-¡m³ t]mepw Ign-ªn-cp-¶nà (8,31-þ33).
9,11: Genbm BZyw htc- - X mWv : Gen-bm- ho-pw hcp¶Xns\-¡p-dn-¨pÅ {]Xo£ aem 4,5þse {]h-
N-\-¯nsâ shfn-¨-¯n-ep-Å-Xm-Wv. "IÀ¯m-hnsâ Zn\'¯n\p-th-n C{km-tb-ens\ Hcp-¡m³ ssZhw
Ab-bv¡p¶ Gen-bm-bpsS ZuXyw IpSpw-_-_-Ô-§-sfbpw (aem 4,6) C{km-tb-ensâ ]{´-p tKm{X-
§-sfbpw ({]`m 48,10) ]p\xØm]n-¡pI F¶-Xm-bn-cp-¶p. tbiphnsâ ap³Km-an-sb¶ \ne-bn-epÅ Cu
{]hm-N-I-ZuXyw kv\m]-I-tbm-l-¶m-\mWv \nd-th-äp-¶Xv (9,13). kv\m]-Isâ ]g-b-\n-ba {]Xn-cq-]-amWv
Gen-bm. (aÀt¡m 1,6).
9,13: Fgp-X-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶-t]m-se-Xs¶: Blm_v cmPm-hpw ]Xv\n Psk-s_-epw Genbm{]hm-N-I-
s\Xntc Xncn-ª-Xp-t]mse (1 cmPm 19,1þ3), tltdm-tZkv A´n-¸m-kpw sltdm-Zn-bm-bpw tbml-
¶ms\Xntc Xncn-bp-Ibpw At±-ls¯ h[n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶p (6,27).
]nimNp _m[n¨ _me\p kuJyw (9,14-þ29)
9,14-þ29: tcmKw kpJ-s¸-Sp-¯m³ Ign-bmXncp¶ injy-·mcpsS ssZh-¯n-epÅ hnizm-k-¡p-dhv tbip
sh-fn-s¸-Sp-¯p¶p (19). tbip-hnsâ \ma-¯n {]hÀ¯n-¡p-t¼mgpw t_m[-]qÀhw ssZh-¯n hniz-
kn¨v B{i-bn-¡pI Bh-iy-am-sW¶v Ahn-S¶v hyà-am-¡p-¶p.
9,18: A]-kvam-c-t¯mSv kmay-ap-Å-h-bmWv ChnsS hnh-cn-¡-s¸-«n-cn-¡p¶ e£-W-§Ä (9,18). ]nim-Np-
_m[ tcmK-¯n-eq-sSbpw `bm-\-I-amb tNjvS-I-fn-eq-sSbpw kzbw apdn-th-ev]n-¡p-¶-Xn-eq-sSbpw (a¯m
8,16; aÀt¡m 1,26; 5,2þ-5) {]I-S-am-Ip-sa¶Xv A¡m-e-§-fnse hnizmk-ambn-cp¶p.
9,22: Fs´-¦nepw sN¿m³ Ign-bp-sa-¦nÂ: injy-cpsS ]cm-Pbw Ip«n-bpsS ]nXm-hnsâ hnizmkw
£bn-¸n-¨p-sh¶p kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶XmWv tbip-hn-t\m-SpÅ Cu A`yÀY\.
9,23: hniz-kn-¡p-¶-h\v: tbip-hnsâ {]hÀ¯-\-¯n\v \nÀWm-b-I-am-Wv hnizmkw. Ahn-izmkw ]cn-l-
cn-¡-W-ta-sb-¶Xv ià-amb hniz-mk-{]-I-cWw Xs¶-bmWv. FÃm-¡m-cy-§fpw km[n¡pw: kÀh-i-
à-\mb ssZh-¯n\v FÃmw km[y-am-Wv. ]t£, hnizm-k-t¯mSpw {]mÀY-\-tbm-Spw-IqsS AXn-\mbn
B{K-ln-¡Ww (9,29; Psd 32,17; eq¡m 1,37).
9,-24:- ""Ip-«n-bp-sS- ]n-Xm-hv- I-®o-scm-gp-¡n-s¡m-v- hn-fn-¨p-]-d-ªp''- F-¶p- Nn-e- {]m-No\- ssI-sb-gp-¯p-{]-
Xn-I-fnÂ- Im-Wp-¶p.
9,29: {]mÀY\sIm- - Ã msX: ""{]mÀ-Y\-bpw- D-]-hm-k-hpw- sIm--Ãm-sX'' F-¶p- Nn-e- {]mNo\- ssI-sb-gp-
¯p- {]-Xn-I-fnÂ- Im-Wp-¶p.-
 injyXzw (9,42-þ50)
9,42: CSÀ¨-h-cp-¯p-¶-h\v: "kvIm³U-tem¬' F¶ {Ko¡p]Z-¯nsâ aqemÀYw "X«nhogm³ CS-h-cp-
¯p-I' F¶XmWv. hnizmkw \jvS-s¸-Sm³ CS-h-cp-¯pI F¶-XmWv ChnsS AÀY-am-¡p-¶Xv. sNdn-b-
hÀ: tbip-hnsâ injy-sc-bmWv Dt±-in-¡p-¶Xv (a¯m 18,10-þ14; 25,40-þ45).
9,43: \cIw: "sKsl¶' F¶-XmWv lo{_p-`m-j-bnse ]Zw. Pdp-k-te-an\p sX¡p-`m-K-¯pÅ lnt¶mw
Xmgvhc-bn samsf¡ptZh\v Ipªp-§sf _en-bÀ¸n-¨n-cp¶ _en-]oTw (cf. Psd 7,31; 19,5-.6; 32,35)
tPmknbm cmPmhv XIÀ¯v, amen\yw I¯n-¡p¶ Øe-am-¡n. Xo Hcn-¡epw sISm-¯Xpw ]pgp-¡Ä
NmIm-¯-Xp-amb Øe-ambn (2 cmPm 23,10) lnt¶mw Xmgvhc amdn. (a¯m 5.22-).
9,48: Cu hmIyw Gi¿m 66,24-þsâ BhÀ¯\am-Wv.
9,49: Nne ssIsb-gp-¯p-{]-Xn-I-fn- ""FÃm _en-bp-sSbpw D¸p-sIm-v Dd Iq«-s¸Spw'' F¶p tNÀ¯n-cn-
¡p-¶p. ip²o-I-c-W-¯n\pw tISph-cmsX kq£n-¨p-h-bv¡p-¶-Xn\pw D¸v D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶p-sh¶v tehy
21,13 kqNn¸n-¡p-¶p. Aán-bm Dd-Iq-«-s¸Spw: Cu {]kvXm-h-\- hnizm-kn-Isf Im¯n-cn-¡p¶ ]co-£-
I-sfbpw {]tem-`-\-§-sfbpwIpdn-¨pÅ kqN-\-bm-Im-\mWv km[y-X. 9,42-þ48þsâ shfn-¨-¯nÂ, Cu
`mKw ]m]s¯ Hgn-hm-¡m³ Bh-iy-amb hnip-²o-I-c-W-s¯bpw kl-\-§-sfbpw kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶p-v.
Cu Aán \½psS {InkvXob {]Xn-_-²-X-bpsS kwip²n ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-Ibpw \s½ ]qÀW-X-bn-te¡v
\bn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿m-\p-t±-in-¨p-Å-XmWv ({]`m 2,5; 1 ]t{Xm 1,6.7).
hnhm-lt- am-N\w (10,1-þ12)
10,1: bqZbm {]tZ-i-§-fn-te¡v: Keo-en-bnepw D¯cKeo-en-bnse hnPm-Xob{]tZ-i-§-fn-ep-apÅ Xsâ
ip{iqj (1,4; 5,1; 7,24; 8,27) Ah-km-\n-¸n¨v tbip Z£nWZn¡n-te-¡v, Pdp-k-te-an-\-`n-ap-J-ambn \o§p¶p
(10,32; eq¡m 9,51). tPmÀZmsâ adp-Ic: s]scbm F¶p-IqSn CXp hnfn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p. hnhm-l-tam-N\w
t\Snb tltdm-tZkv A´n-¸m-knsâ `c-Wm-[n-Im-c-¯nÂs¸« {]tZ-i-amWv s]sc-bm.
10,2: Ahs\ ]co- £ n- ¨ p- s Im- v : tbip-hns\ CÃm-bva-sN-¿m-\pÅ X{´-§-fpsS `mK-ambn ^cn-tk-bÀ
Ahn-S-t¯-¡p-th-n Hcp-¡p¶ sIWn (3,6). hnhm-l-tam-N-\-¯nsâ \nb-a-km-[pX tbip- XÅn-¸-d-bp-
sa¶pw A{]-Imcw Ahn-S¶v `c-W-IÀ¯m-hmb tltdm-tZkv A´n-¸m-kn-sâbpw Ahsâ Ahn-ln-X-
`mcy sltdm-Zn-bm-bpsSbpw t{Im[-¯n\v Cc-bm-Ip-sa¶pw AhÀ {]Xo-£n-¡p-¶p. -
10,4: tamN-\-]{Xw: ]gb DS-¼-Sn-{]-Imcw C{km-tb¡m-À¡v hnhm-l-_Ôw thÀs]-Sp-¯m³ tami
\evInb A\p-hmZw (\nb 24,1-þ4) AhcpsS ZuÀ_-eys¯ IW-¡n-se-Sp¯v cq]w-sIm-Sp-¯ Hcp XmXvIm-
enI \nb-a-am-bn-cp¶p (10,5). tami- \evInb hnhm-l-tam-N-\m-\p-aXn ]n³h-en-¨p-sIm-v tbip GI-`m-cym-
`À¯rXzw (10,6-þ9) ]p\xØm]n-¡p¶p. tami A\p- h - Z n- ¨ n- « p- v : \nb-am-hÀ¯-\-¯n ssZhw C{km-
tb¡mÀ¡p \evIp¶ hnhn[ \nba Cf-hp-I-fn-sem-¶mWv hnhm-l-tam-N-\w. ]©-{KÙw {i²m-]qÀhw
hmbn-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦n ko\m-bva-e-bnÂh¨v ap{Z-sN-¿-s¸« tehmb DS-¼-Snbpw (]pd 19-þ24; tehy 27,34)
\mev]Xp kwh-Õ-c-§Ä¡p-tijw tamhm_v ka-X-e-¯nÂh¨v ap{Z-sN-¿-s¸« \nb-am-hÀ¯\ DS-¼-
Snbpw (\nb 1,1-þ5; 29,1) X½n-epÅ hyXym-k-§Ä Xncn-¨-dn-bm³ Ign-bpw. tami-bpsS BZys¯ \nb-a-kw-
ln-X-bn-epÄs¸-Sm-¯Xpw \nb-am-hÀ¯-\-¯nÂam{Xw ImWp-¶-Xp-amb ]e \nb-a-§-fp-ap-v. `àm-`ym-
k-§-sfÃmw Htc-sbmcp tZhm-e-b-¯n tI{µo-I-cn-¡-s¸«p (\nb 12,11). hwi-l-Xym-]-c-amb bp²-§Ä
CZw-{]-Y-a-ambn A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-bn-¯oÀ¶p (\nb 12,15-þ24). Ir]m-k-\-¯n-\p-ap-¼n _en-bm-bÀ¸n-¡-
s¸-«n-cp¶ arK-§sf Aip-²-amb Npäp-]m-Sp-I-fn sIm-p-t]mbn Ad-hp-sN-¿p-¶Xv A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-bn
(\nb 12,15-þ24). ISw-sIm-Sp¯ ]W-¯n-\v ]eni CuSm-¡n-s¡m-Åm³ A\p-aXnbpw (\nb 15,3; 23,20)
hnhm-l-tam-N\¯n\v Cfhpw e`n¡p¶p. C{]-Im-c-apÅ \nb-a-§Ä kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶Xv \ne-hm-c-¯-IÀ¨-
bp-m-bn-cp¶ C{km-tb-en-\p-th-n DS-¼Sn hniz-kvX-X-bpsS am\-Z-Þ-§sf eLq-I-cn¨v {Iao-I-cn¨
N«-§-fm-bn-cp¶p \nb-am-hÀ¯\¯nep-ÅXv F¶mWv (Fsk 20,25). Kuc-h-X-c-amb Xn·-IÄ Hgn-hm-
¡m-\mbn eLp-hmb Xn·-IÄ A\p-h-Zn-¨p-sIm-Sp-¡p¶ XmXvIm-en-I-amb \nb-a-§-fm-bn-cp¶p Ah.
hnhm-l-hpw hnhm-l-tam-N-\hpw (a¯m 19,9).
10,6: Bcw`w apXte: hnhm-l-¯n-sâbpw AXns\ kw_-Ôn-¡p¶ \nb-a-§-fp-sSbpw ZmXmhv ssZhw
am{X-am-Wv.
10,11.12: aÀt¡m-knsâ hnh-cW-¯n hnhm-l-tam-N-\s¯-¡p-dn¨v `mcy-amÀ¡pw `À¯m-¡-·mÀ¡pw Hcp-
t]mse ap¶-dn-bn-¸p- \-evIp-¶p. blqZ\nb-a-a-\p-k-cn¨v hnhm-l-tam-N\w \S-¯m-\pÅ Ah-Imiw `À¯m-
¡-·mÀ¡p am{Xambn-cp-¶-t¸mÄ, tdma³ \nb-a-a-\p-k-cn¨v kv{XoIÄ¡pw Ah-Im-i-ap-m-bn-cp-¶p. AXp-
sIm-m-IWw tdmanse hnPm-Xob{InkvXym-\n-IÄ¡v aÀt¡mkv 12-þmw hmIyhpw Fgp-XnbXv. Chn-sS-
bpÅ Xm¡oXv tltdm-tZ-kn-sâbpw tltdm-Zn-bm-bp-sSbpw Ip{]-kn-²-amb hnhm-ls¯ HmÀa-s¸-Sp-¯p-
¶p- v . (a¯m 14,4; 19,9).
_À¯n-ta-bq-kn\v ImgvN 10,46-þ52
10,46-þ52: _ÀXn-ta-bq-kn\v ImgvN- sIm-Sp-¡p-¶Xv aÀt¡m-knsâ hnh-c-W-¯n tbip-hnsâ Ah-km\
tcmK-im-´n-bpw Pdp-k-te-an\p ]pd-¯pÅ tbip-hnsâ ]c-ky-ip-{iq-j-bpsS ]cn-k-am-]vXn-bp-am-Wv.
injy-Xz-s¯¡p-dn-¨pÅ at\m-l-c-amb hnh-cWw IqSn-bm-WnXv. AÔsc kpJ-s¸-Sp-¯p¶ kw`-h-§Ä
injy-cpsS ]cn-io-e-\-¯nsâ Bcw-`hpw (8,22þ26) kam-]-\hpw (10,46-þ52) Ipdn-¡p-¶p F¶-Xp-Xs¶ Cu
AZv`p-X-§-fn injy-Xz-¯nsâ {]tabw Hfn-ªn-cn-¡p¶p F¶p ImWn-¡p¶p. a¯m 9,27-þ31; 20,29-þ34-.
10,46: Pdot¡m: Pdq-k-te-anÂ\n¶v Ccp-]-¯n-\mep In.-ao. hS¡p Ing-¡m-bn, Nmhp-I-S-enÂ\n¶pw F«p
In.-ao. ]Sn-ªmdv tPmÀZm³ Xmgvhc-bn ØnXn-sN-¿p-¶p.
10,47: Zmho-Znsâ ]p{X³: Zmho-Znsâ ]n³X-e-ap-d-¡m-c-\pw Ahsâ knwlm-k-\-¯nsâ \nb-a-]-c-amb
Ah-Im-in-bp-ambn hcp-sa¶p {]Xo-£n-¡-s¸-«n-cp¶ anin-lm (Gi 9,7; Fsk 34,23.24). tbip-hns\ BZy-
am-bmWv HcmÄ ]c-ky-ambn "Zmho-Znsâ ]p{Xm' F¶p hnfn-¡p-¶-Xv. P\-¡q«w "\k-dm-b³' F¶p am{X-
amWv tbip-hns\ hnti-jn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv. _ÀXn-ta-bqkv IqSp-XÂ sa¨-ambn tbip-hns\ a\kn-em¡n
F¶ÀYw.
Pdp-ktew {]th-i\w (11,1-þ11)
11,1þ11: Pdp-k-te-an-te-¡p {]th-i-\-¯n-\m-bn Hcp¡w \S-¯m³ tbip ap³ssI-sb-Sp-¡p¶Xpw (1-þ6)
XpSÀ¶v tbip-hns\ Bc-h-§-tfmsS tZhm-e-b-¯n-te¡v FXn-tc-ev¡p-¶-Xpw aÀt¡mkv hnh-cn-¡p¶p
(7þ11).
11,1: t_Xv^sK: A¯n-I-fpsS `h\w F¶ÀYw hcp¶ sl{_mb ]Zw. Cu Øew -_Ym-\n-bm-bpsS
ASp¯mbn-cp-¶psh¶v A\p-am-\n-¡s¸Sp-¶p. Pdp-k-te-an\v aq¶p In.-ao. Ing-¡p-`m-K-¯m-bmWv _Ym-
\nbm (tbml 11,18). a¯m 21,1. Hen-hp-ae: kap-{Z-\n-c-¸nÂ\n¶v 2600 ASn Db-c-¯n Pdp-k-te-ansâ Ing-
¡p-`m-K-¯pÅ ae. CXnsâ ]Sn-ªmtd Ncn-hv tZhm-e-b-¯n-\-`n-ap-J-amWv (13,3). Int{Zm¬ Xmgvhc Cu
aesb Pdp-ktew\K-c-¯nÂ\n¶p thÀXn-cn-¡p-¶p.
11,7: Igp-X-¡p«n: kJ 9,9-þse sakn-bm-\nI {]h-N-\s¯ HmÀan-¸n-¡p-¶p. ssk\n-Im-{I-aW¯ns\¶-
t]mse ]S-¡p-Xn-c-bpsS ]pd-¯-Ã, adn¨v, kam-[m-\-]-c-ambn C{km-tb-en-te¡v Fgp-¶-Åp¶ cmPm-
hns\t¸mse Igp-X-¡p«nbpsS ]pd-¯mWv (kJ 9,10) tbip hcp-¶Xv. C{km-tb-ensâ cmPm-hmbn A-`n-
tj-IwsN-¿-s¸-Sm³ tkmf-a³ Pdp-k-te-an-te¡p cmP-Iobambn {]th-in¨-Xn-s\bpw CXv A\p-kva-cn-¸n-
¡p-¶p-v (1 cmPm 1,32-þ40). Bcpw D]-tbm-Kn-¨n-«n-Ãm¯ Igp-X-¡p-«nsb D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶Xpw tbip-hnsâ
cmP-Xz-¯n-sâbpw ssZhn-I-X-bp-sSbpw kqN-\-bmWv (kwJy 19,2; \nb 21,3; 2 kmap 6,3). a¯m 21,1-þ11.
11,8-þ10: cmP-Iob{]thi-\- hnh-cW¯n Pdp-k-te-an-te¡v s]k-lm-¯n-cp-\m-fn\p t]mIp¶ XoÀ°m-
S-IÀ Dcp-hn-«n-cp¶ 118-þmw k¦oÀ¯-\¯nsâ kqN-\-I-fp-v. ]¨n-e-s¡m-¼p-IÄ k¦o 118,27þse ac-¨n-Ã-
I-tf´nbpÅ {]Z-£n-Ws¯ HmÀan-¸n-¡p¶p. "R§sf c£n-¡-Wta' F¶ÀYapÅ "tlmkm\'
BÀ¸p-hnfn k¦o 118,25-þÂ\n¶pw "IÀ¯m-hnsâ \ma-¯n hcp-¶-h³ A\p-{K-lo-X³' F¶Xv k¦o
118,26þÂ\n¶pw FSp¯XmWv. ]n¶oSv tZhm-e-b-¯nÂh¨v tbip 118-þmw k¦oÀ¯\w hymJym\w sN¿p-
¶pap- v (12,10.11).
11,8: hkv{X-§Ä hncn¨p: IncoSwNqSp¶ \h-cm-Pm-¡-·m-tcm-SpÅ BZckqN-Iambn sN¿p¶ {]Xo-Im-
ß-I-amb {]hr¯nbmWnXv (2 cmPm 9,13).
A¯n-hr£w (11,12-þ14)
A¯nhr£s¯ i]n-¡p¶Xn\pw (11,12-þ14) A¯n-hr£w DW-§p¶Xn\pw (11,20-þ25) CSbv¡v tZhm-
ebw ip²o-I-cn-¡p¶Xp hnh-cn¡p¶p (11,15-þ19). anin-lmsb XÅn-¡-fª C{km-tb-ens\ ssZhw
XyPn-¡p-¶-Xn-sâbpw Ah-cpsS tZhm-e-bw \in¡p¶Xnsâ-bpw {]Xo-IamWv A¯n-hr-£s¯ i]n-¡p-
¶Xpw AXv DW-§p-¶-Xpw.
11,13: A¯n-acw: C{km-tb-ens\ kqNn-¸n-¡m³ ]c-¼-cm-K-X-ambn {]hm-N-I-·mÀ D]-tbm-Kn-¨n-cp¶ Hcp
{]XoIw (Psd 8,13; tPmtb 1,7; tlmkn 9,10). tbip A¯n-a-c-¯n ]g-§Ä At\z-jn-¡p-¶Xv {]hm-N-
I-·m-cpsS {]Xo-Im-ß-I-amb {]hr-¯n¡p kam-\-amWv. tbiphnsâ {]t_m-[-\-§Ä¡p sNhn-sIm-Sp-
¡m¯ C{km-tb-emWv ]g-§-fn-Ãm¯ A¯n-a-cw (Gi 34,4; tlmkn. 2,14.15; eq¡m 13,6þ9). (a¯m 21,19).
tZhm-eb ip²o-I-cWw 11,15-þ19
11,15: ]pd¯m¡m³ XpS§n: Pdp-ktew tZhm-e-b-¯n Bcm[n-¡m-\mbn h¶n-cp¶ s]klmXoÀYm-
S-Isc tZhm-e-bm¦-W-¯n arK-§sf hnän-cp-¶- I¨-h-S-¡mÀ km¼-¯nIambn NqjWw sNbvXncp-¶p.
tbip I¨-h-S-¡m-cpsS tai-Ifpw Ccn-¸-nS-§fpw X«n-a-dn-¨n-Sp-¶Xv, F.-Un. 70þÂ Pdp-ktew tZhm-e-bw
\in-¸n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-Xnsâ ap¶h-XcWamWv. ]e ]gb-\n-bakqN-\-Ifpw Chn- s Sbp- v : 1. tZhm- e - b - h pw
AXnsâ ]ptcm-ln-X-scbpw ip²o-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn Xm³ BK-X-\m-Ip-sa¶v IÀ¯mhv aem¡n {]hm-N-
I-\n-eqsS AcpÄsN-¿p¶p (aem 3,1-þ4); 2. hnip-²-a-µn-c-¯nse _en-I-fpw ImgvN-I-fpw CÃm-Xm-Ip-¶-Xn-
s\-¸än Zm\n-tb {]h-Nn-¡p¶p (Zm\n- 9,26.27-); 3. tZhm-e-b-¯n Hcp hym]m-cnbpw D-mbn-cn-¡p-I-bn-
söv kJdnb {]h-Nn-¡p¶p (kJ 14,21; 13,2). \mW-b-am-ä-¡mÀ: {]mb-]qÀ¯n-bmb FÃm blq-Zcpw
Acsj¡Â tZhm-e-b-\n-IpXnbmbn \evIm³ IS-s¸-«n-cp¶p (]pd 30,13-þ16). Sbn-dn D]-tbm-Kn-¨n-cp¶
\mW-b-§-fmWv A¡me¯v \nIp-Xn-bmbn kzoI-cn-¨n-cp-¶-Xv.
11,16: aÀt¡m-kn am{Xw ImWp¶ hmIyamWnXv. "tkt\mkv' F¶Xv "]m{X-§Ä' Ft¶m "Fs´-
¦nepw' Ft¶m ]cn-`m-j-s¸-Sp-¯msa¶-Xn-\mÂ, tZhm-e-b-¯n-eqsS "H¶pw' sIm-p-t]m-Im³ A\p-h-Zn-
¨n-sÃ-¶pw ChnsS AÀYam¡mw. ^e-¯nÂ, tZhm-e-b-¯nse _-en-bÀ¸WwXs¶ CÃm-Xm-¡p¶
\ntcm-[\am-Wn-Xv.
11,17: {]mÀY-\m-ebw: tZhm-e-b-¯n hnPm-Xo-b- XoÀYm-S-IÀ¡pÅ ]pds¯ A¦WamWv I¨-hS-Ø-e-
ambn amän-bn-cp-¶Xv. Bcm-[-\-bv¡mbn IÀ¯mhv hnPm-Xo-bsc Hcp-an¨pIq«p-sa¶ Gi¿mbpsS {]h--N-
\t¯m-SpÅ (Gi 56,7) ]c-ky-amb \nµ-\-am-Wv Chn-sSbpÅ I¨-hSw. IhÀ¨-¡m-cpsS Kpl: A\p-
X]n¡mXn-cp-¶- Pdp-k-te-an\ptaepÅ ssZh-¯nsâ in£m-hn-[n-sb-¡p-dn¨v Psd-anbm tZhm-e-b-
¯nÂh¨p\S-¯nb {]h-N-\-¯nÂ\n-¶pÅ D²-c-Wn (Psd 7,11).
hnizm-k-¯nsâ iàn 11,20-þ26
11,20- . 21: A¯nacw DW- § p- ¶ Xv tZhm- e - b - \ m- i - ¯ nsâ {]Xo- I amWv . kaqew DW- § n- s b- ¶ Xv
k¼qÀW\mis¯ ImWn-¡p-¶p.
11,23: ae-tbmSv: "aesb amäpI' F¶Xn\v Akm-[y-am-bXp sN¿pI F¶ÀY-ap-v. ChnsS ae Pdp-ktew
tZhm-ebw ØnXn-sN-¿p¶ kntbm³ae-bm-Wv. XIÀ¡m-\m-Im¯ tZhm-ebw Cf-¡m-\m-Im¯ ae-tbm-
Sp-IqSn IS-en ]Xn-¡p-sa¶p ]dªv tZhmeb\miw Hcn-¡Â¡qSn {]Jym-]n-¡p-¶p. XIÀ¶p-t]mb
Pdp-ktew tZhm-ebw skdp-_m-t_Â ]p\À\nÀan-¡p-¶-Xmb kJ-dn-bm-{]-hm-N-Isâ ZÀi\hpw (kJ
4,7) ChnsS kqNn-¸n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p-mImw. skdp-_m-t_-en-\v, tZhm-e-b-¯nsâ \nÀamW{]hÀ¯\§Ä
XpS§p¶Xn\pap¼v , amÀKXSkw krjv S n- ¨ psIm- v DbÀ¶p\n¶ncp¶ Hcp ae \o¡w sNt¿- - X mbn
h¶p.
ap´n-cn-t¯m-«-¯nse Irjn-¡mÀ 12,1-þ12
12,1-þ12: c£-Is\ kzoI-cn-¡m³ hnk-½-Xn-¡p¶ C{km-tb-en-s\-Xn-cmb D]-a-bm-Wn-Xv. ap´n-cn-t¯m«w
C{km-tb-ens\ Nn{Xo-Icn¡p¶p (G-i 5,1þ7). blq-Z-]m-c-¼cya\p-k-cn¨v (cf. Gi 5,1.2), tKm]pcw Pdp-
ktew tZhm-e-b-amWv. ap´n-cn-t¯m-«-¯nse Irjn-¡mÀ C{km-tb-ense aX-t\-Xm-¡-fpw tXm-«-¯nsâ
DS-a-س ssZhhp-am-Wv. `rXy-·mÀ ssZhw Ab-bv¡p¶ ZqXcpw {]hm-N-I-cp-w {]nb-]p-{X-³ tbiphpamWv
(1,11; 9,7; a¯m 3,17; 17,5; eq¡m 3,22; 9,35). A\p-Xm-]¯n-te¡v C{km-tbÂP\s¯ \bn-¡m³ ssZhw \nc-
´cw \S-¯nb {ia-§sf ChnsS kqNn-¸n-¡p¶p-v (Psd 3,11-þ14; Fsk 16,59þ63; tlmkn 2,2). ap´n-cn-
t¯m«w "thsd BfpIsf' Gev]n-¡p-sa¶p ]d-bp-¶Xv ]pXnb C{km-tb-ens\ kqNn-¸n-¡m-\m-Wv.
12,10.11: s]k-lm-¯n-cp-\m-Ä B-tLm-jn-¡m³ Pdp-k-te-an-te¡p h¶n-cp¶ XoÀYm-SIÀ Dcp-hn-«n-cp¶
k¦o 118-þse Hcp- D²-cWnbmWnXv (k¦o 118,22.23). IÃv: k¦oÀ¯-\-§-fn CXv C{km-tb-emWv. aäp
cmPy-§-fm tXmev]n-¡-s¸-Sp-Ibpw Xnc-kvI-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-IbpwsNbvX C{km-tb-en\v P\-X-I-fp-sS a[y-
¯n ssZhw \evIm-\n-cn-¡p¶ al-¯z-s¯-¡p-dn-¨mWv k¦oÀ¯--I³ ]mSp-¶-Xv. aÀt¡m-kn CXv
tbip-hns\ kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶p. IÀ¯m-hnsâ {]hr-¯n-bmWv: IÀ¯m-hnsâ {]hr¯n tbip-hnsâ ssZhnI
ZuXyam-Wp kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv.
kok-dn\p \nIpXn 12,13-þ17
12,13: ^cn-tk-b-scbpw tltdm-Zy-scbpw: ]pXnb\nb-a- Im-e¯v ]e-kvXo-\m-bn ]c-kv]c i{Xp-X-
tbmsS \ne-\n-¶n-cp¶ c-p I£n-IÄ. X§-fpsS cmjv{Sob ho£-W-§-fn AhÀ hn`n-¶X ]peÀ¯n-
bn-cp-s¶-¦nepw, tbip-hnt\mSpÅ i{Xp-X-bn AhÀ H¶n¨p\n¶p (3,6). ^cn-tk-bÀ tdma³`c-W-
s¯bpw ]e-kvXo-\mbnse tdma³A[n-\n-th-i-s¯bpw FXnÀ¯-t¸mÄ tltdm-ZyÀ tltdm-tZkv cmP-
]-c-¼-c-bn-eqsS C{km-tb-ensâtaepÅ tdma³ `c-W-t¯mSv A\p-`m-h-]qÀW-amb kao-]-\-am-bn-cp¶p
kzoI-cn-¨n-cp-¶-Xv. Ahs\ hm¡n IpSp-¡m³: tbip \nIp-Xn-]n-cn-hns\ AwKo-I-cn-¨mÂ, tdma³
`cWs¯ FXnÀ¡p¶ blq-Z-cp-sS-bn-S-bn Ahn-Ss¯ kzoIm-cyX \jvS-amIpw; A-Xns\ FXnÀ¯m-
tem, `c-W-hn-cp-²-hn-Imcw Cf-¡n-hn-«-Xnsâ t]cn tdma³ KhÀW-dpsS ap¼n Ahn-Ss¯ta Ipä-am-
tcm-]n-¡-s¸-Spw.
12,14: ChnsS tbip-hn\p apJ-kvXpXn ]mSp-¶Xv tbip-hn-s\-s¡m-v kok-dn-s\-Xntc kwkm-cn-¸n-¡m-
\m-bn-cp-¶p. bqZbm{]tZiw F.-Un. 6þÂ tdma³ {]hn-iy-bmbn amdn-bXpapXÂ blq-ZÀ FÃm hÀjhpw
tdma³ N{I-hÀ¯n¡v \nIpXn sImSp-¡-W-am-bn-cp-¶p.
12,16: Cu cq]hpw: sNdnb shÅn Z\m-d-bmWv \nIpXn \evIp-¶-Xn\p tdmamkm{amPyw AwKo-I-cn-¨n-
cp¶ \mW-bw. AXnsâ Hcp hi¯v N{I-hÀ¯nbpsS ]pjv]-In-coSwNqSnb Xebpw adp-h-i¯v kam-[m-
\- t Z- h - X - b psS cq]- h p- a mWv D- m - b n- c p- ¶ - X v . \nIp- X n- s Im- S p- t ¡- \mW- b - ¯ n kok- d nsâ "cq]w'
ap{ZWw sNbvXn-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\m kok-dn\p kz´-ambXv kok-dn-\p-Xs¶ sIm-Sp-¡Ww. F¶mÂ,
ssZh-¯nsâ Omb-bn krjvSn¡¸-« (DXv] 1,27) a\p-jy-scÃmw ssZh-¯n-\p-ÅXmWv. (a¯m 22,21).
12,17: kok-dn-s\bpw ssZh-s¯bpw thÀXn-cn-¡p-¶-Xp-hgn kokÀ ssZh-aà F¶p tbip {]Jym-]n-¡p-
¶p. kok-dns\ ssZh-ambn ImW-W-sa¶ D¯-c-hp-IÄ t\cn-tS-n-h¶ {InkvXym-\n-IÄ¡v aÀt¡mkv
\evIp¶ hyà-amb amÀK-\nÀtZiw ChnsS ImWmw.
kp{]-[m\ \nb-a-§Ä 12,28þ34
12,28-þ34: ]gb\nb-a-¯nsâ {]t_m-[-\-§Äapgp-h\pw tbip c-p {]am-W-§-fn-te¡p kw{K-ln-¡p-¶p.
AXn H¶m-a-t¯Xmb \nb 6,4.5-þse "sjam' ("tIÄ¡pI' F¶ÀYw) kÀh{]]-©-¯nsâbpw \mY-
\mb GIssZh-¯n-epÅ X§-fpsS hnizm-k-¯nsâ kw£n-]vX-cq-]-am-bn-«mWv C{km-tb¡mÀ I-n-
cp-¶-Xv. c-m-a-t¯Xv tehy 19,18-þÂ \ns¶-Sp-¯-Xm-Wv. tami-bpsS \nb-a-§sfÃmw Cu c - p I e v ] -
\Ifn- A-S-§n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p (]pd 20,2-þ17; \nb 5,6-þ21). IÀ¯m-hnsâ shfn-s¸Sp¯s¸-« \nb-a-§sf
tbip c-p \nb-a-§-fn-te¡v kwt£-]n-¡p-¶-Xv ]¯p Iev]-\-IÄ c-p Iev]-e-I-I-fn-Â F-gp-X-s¸-Sp-
¶Xn ap³\ng-en-¡p-¶p-v (]pd 34,1). a¯m 22,39-.
12,28: tami-bpsS \nb-a-¯n 613 \nb-a-§Ä DÅ-Xmbn dºn-amÀ ]Tn-¸n-¨n-cp-¶p þ Hmtcm Znh-khpw
{]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn¨v sNt¿- 365 Imcy-§fpw Acp-Xm-¯- 248 Im-cy-§-fpw. CXnsâ {]m[m-\y-{I-as¯¡pdn¨v
dºn- a mÀ¡nS- b n XÀ¡- § fp- m - b n- c p- ¶ p.
12,33: Zl\_en-I-sfbpw bmK-§-sfbpImÄ: ssZhw \evIp¶ [mÀanI\nb-a-§Ä tZhm-e-b-¯nse
_en\nb-a-§sf¡mÄ t{ijvT-amWv (1 kmap 15,22; bqZn 16,16; k¦o 40, 6þ8; tlmkn 6,6; an¡m 6,6-þ8).
tZhm-eb \mi-s¯-¡p-dn-¨pÅ ]Tn-¸n-¡-ep-IÄ 13,1-þ37
13,1-þ37: Henhpae-bnse {]`m-jWw F¶v Adn-b-s¸-Sp¶ Cu `mK¯v tbip Pdp-k-te-an-sâbpw tZhm-e-
b-¯n-sâbpw Bk-¶-amb XIÀ¨-sb-¡p-dn¨v ]Tn-¸n-¡p-¶p. hcm³t]m-Ip¶ Cu alm-Zp-c´§sfÃmw
X¶n ]qÀ¯o-I-cn-¡p¶ anin-lm-bpsS al-¯z-]qÀW-amb BK-a-\-¯nsâ apt¶m-Sn-bpw tZhm-e-b-tI-
{µo-Ir-X-amb hyh-Øm-]nX aXm-Nm-c-§-Ä Imelc-W-s¸-Sp-¶-Xn-sâ kqN-\-bpambn ImWmw. injycpw
k`bpw A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-¡m³ t]mIp¶ aX-aÀ±\w t\cn-Sm-\pÅ amÀK\nÀt±-i-§fmWv Cu hN-\-`m-K-
¯p-ÅXv. (a¯m 24,1þ25,46)-.
13,1: tZhm-e-b-¯nÂ\n¶v: Npäp-a-Xn-ep-I-tfm-Sp-IqSnb Pdp-ktewtZhm-e-b-¯nsâ \nÀamWw XpS-§p-
¶Xv alm-\mb tltdm-tZkv cmPm-hnsâ Ime-¯mWv (_n.-kn. 20). F.-Un. 70-þÂ tdmam-¡mÀ Pdp-
ktewtZhm-ebw Xoh-¨p-\-in-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\v Ggv hÀjw ap¼pam{X-amWv tZhm-e-b-\nÀamWw ]qÀ¯n-bm-
b-Xv (a¯m 24,1.2). F{X henb IÃp-IÄ: tZhm-e-b-¯n-\mbn D]-tbm-Kn-¨ amÀ_nÄ ine-I-fn-e-[n-Ihpw
40 ASn-tbmfw Db-chpw 100 S®n-\-Sp¯v `mc-hp-ap-Å-h-bpam-bn-cp-¶p. hnim-e-amb AXnsâ AI-¯-fw
1,70,000 NXp-c{iASn hnkvXm-c-ap-Å-Xpw Hen-hp-a-ebv¡v A`n-ap-J-amb AXnsâ Ingt¡ `n¯n 300 ASn
Db-c-ap-Å-Xp-am-bn-cp-¶p. Hcp Xc-¯nepw XIÀ¡m³ Ign-bm¯ Hcp tIm«-bm-bn- AhÀ AXns\ I-ncp¶p
13,2 IÃnt·Â IÃp tijn-¡-msX: tdma³ P\-d-emb ssSäkv F.-Un. 70þÂ Pdp-ktew ]nSn-¨-S¡n tZhm-
ebw \new-]-cn-im-¡n. ]¯p-e-£-¯n-e-[nIw blq-ZÀ B Zpc-´-¯n acW-a-Sªp. tkmf-a³ \nÀan¨
tZhm-ebw _m_n-tem-Wn-bm-¡m-cm \in-¸n-¡-s¸-Sp-sa¶v (_n.-kn. 586-þÂ) ]gb\nba {]hm-N-I-·mÀ
{]h-Nn-¡p-¶-Xn\p (Psd 26,6; an¡m 3,12) kam-\-amWv Pdp-ktew tZhm-e-b-¯nsâ ]X-\-s¯-¡p-dn-¨pÅ
tbip-hnsâ Cu {]h-N-\-hpw.
13,6: ]ecpw Fsâ \ma-¯n hcpw: A¸ 5,35þ39þepw aä-t\Iw ss__n-tf-Xc {KÙ-§-fnepw
ImWp¶{]Imcw F.Un. H¶pw c- p w \qäm- p Ifn C{km- t b- e n At\Iw kzbw{]Jym- ] nX anin-
lm-amÀ {]Xy-£-s¸-«n-cp-¶p.
13,9: Gev]n-¨p-sIm-Sp-¡-s¸Spw: "]mc-Zo-sZman' (13,9.11.12) F¶ ]Zw tbip-hns\ ac-W-¯n\v Gev]n-¨p-
sIm-Sp-¡p-¶Xp kqNn-¸n-¡p¶p. Cu ]Zw ChnsS D]-tbmKn-¡p-¶-Xp-hgn hyàn-]-c-amb kl\w tbip-
hnsâ ]oUm-k-l-\-t¯mSv _Ô-s¸-«n-cn-¡p¶p F¶p hyà-am-¡p-¶p.
13,10: FÃm P\-X-I-tfmSpw: BZnak`-bnse t{]jn-XÀ tdmamkm{am-Py-¯n-epw {ItaW temIsa§pw
kphn-tijw {]tLm-jn¨n-cp-¶p. F.-Un. 70þÂ Pdp-k-tew XIÀ¡-s¸Sp¶-Xn-\p-ap¼v H¶mw \qäm-nsâ
]Ip-Xn-tbm-sS-Xs¶ tdmamkm{amPyw apgp-h-\pwXs¶ kphn-tijw {]N-cn¨n-cp-¶p.
13,14: hn\m-i-¯nsâ t¾ÑX: CXv _n.-kn. 167-þ {Ko¡p tZh-\mb kobq-knsâ Hcp hn{Klw tZhm-
eb¯n Øm]n-¨v A´n-tbm-¡kv F¸n-^m-\kv cmPmhv tZhm-e-bw Aip-²-am-¡n-b-Xn-s\- kqNn-¸n-¡p-
¶p (1 a¡ 1,31.54; cf. Zm\n 9,27; 11,31-; 12,11). ]em-b-\w-sN-¿pI: blqZ Xo{h-hm-Zn-IÄ F.-Un. 67-þ68þÂ Pdp-
ktewtZhm-e-b-¯nsâ \nb-{´Ww Gsä-Sp¯v ^m¶nsb {][m-\-]p-tcm-ln-X-\mbn \nb-an-¨-t¸mÄ
blqZ{InkvXym-\n-IÄ s]Ã-bn-te¡p ]em-b\wsNbvX-Xn\p kam-\a-m-Wn-Xv.
13,24.25: {]Ir-Xn-bnÂ- D-m-Im³t]mIp¶ XmfwsXä-ep-I-sf-¡p-dn¨v {]hm-N-I-ssien-bn tbip kwkm-
cn-¡p-¶p. Ch BImiw amdn-adn--bp-¶-Xn-s\tbm A´-co£w DcpInhogp-¶-Xn-s\tbmIp-dn¨pÅ hmNym-
ÀY-¯n-epÅ {]h-N-\-§-f-Ã, adn¨,v hnPm-Xob cmjv{S-§-fpsS ]X-\-s¯-¡p-dn¨pÅ ]g-b-\n-ba {]h-
N\§fpsS (Gi 13,9.10; 34,4; Fsk 32,7.8; tPmtb 2,10.31; Btam 8,9) HmÀas¸Sp-¯-em-Wv. Cu {]h-N-\-
§-fneqsS tbip Pdp-k-te-ansâ `mhn]X-\-s¯-¡p-dn¨p Xm¡oXp \evIp-¶p.
13,26: a\p-jy-]p-{X³: Zm\n 7,13þ-se cmP-Iob {]Xn]p-cp-j-\pambn tbip X¶-¯s¶ XmZmXvay-s¸-
Sp¯p¶p. Xm³ ]nXm-hnsâsbm¸w knwlm-k-\-Ø-\m-Ip-sa¶pw kmÀh-{XnI-amb Hcp cmPyhpw A\-´-
amb B[n-]-Xyhpw Øm]n-¡p-sa¶pw tbip ChnsS tZymXn-¸n-¡p¶p (Zm\n 7,14; a¯m 28,18). Ahn-
Ss¯ kzÀKm-tcm-lWhpw (16,19) al-¯z-t¯msSbpÅ c-mwhc-hpw (A¸ 1,11) kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶-h-bmWv
Cu hN-\-§Ä. tbip: a\p-jy-]p-{X³ (eq¡m 17) taL-§-fnÂ: ssZh-km¶n-[y-¯nsâ {]Xo-I-amWv
taL-§Ä (]pd 34,5; tehy 16,2; kwJy 11,25).
13,27: ZqX·msc: CXv A¸-kvtXm-e-·m-scbpw Ah-cpsS t{]jnX{]hÀ¯-\-§-sfbpw kqNn¸n-¡p-¶-Xm-
Imw (aÀt¡m 16,15). a¯m 24,31
13,30: Cu Xe-apd: tbiphnsâ Cu hm¡p-IÄ F.Un. 70-þÂ Ahn-Ss¯ ka-Im-en-I-cpsS Pohn-X-Im-e-
¯pXs¶ \nd-thdn. a¯m 24,34.
13,31: BIm-ihpw `qanbpw: kÀh-kr-jvSn-Ifpw F¶mWv CXn-\ÀYw (DXv] 1,1). tbip-hnsâ hm¡p-I-
fpsS Aew-L-\o-bX Ahn-Ss¯ ssZh-Xz-¯nsâ AS-bm-f-amWv (k¦o 102,25-þ27; Gi 40,6-þ8; 51,6).
13,34-þ37: Pm{KXsb¡p-dn¨pÅ {lkz-amb Cu D]a {Inkv X p- h nsâ c- m whc- h n\pap¼v k- ` bv ¡ v
sNbvXpXoÀ¡m-\pÅ D¯-c-hm-Zn-Xz-§sf hc-¨p-Im-«p-¶p.
 14,15 A[ym-b-§Ä: ]oVm-k-l\ acW D°m\ hnh-c-W-§Ä
14,1-þ15,47: ZoÀL-amb Bap-J-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Snb ]oUm-\p-`hhnh-cWw F¶mWv aÀt¡m-knsâ kphn-tijw
Adn-b-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. CXnse 661 hmIy-§-fn 242þDw tbip-hnsâ P-dp-k-te-an-te-¡pÅ cmP-Iob bm{X
apX DbnÀ¸p-h-scbpÅ Ah-km\ BgvN-bpsS hnh-c-W-am-W-.v-
14,1 s]k-lmbv¡pw ]pfn-¸n-Ãm¯ A¸-¯nsâ Xncp-\m-fn\pw: Cf. ]pd 12,3þ20; 34, 18 tehy 23,4þ8; kwJy
9,2þ14; 28,16-.17; \nb- 16,1þ8. C{km-tbÂP\w CuPn-]vXnse ASn-a-¯-¯nÂ\n¶p hntam-Nn-X-cmb-Xnsâ
{]Xo-I-amWv s]k-lm-. Xncp-\mfnsâ XteZnhkw D¨Ignªv s]klm¡pªm-Sns\ tZhm-e-bm-¦-W-
¯n _enbÀ¸n-¨n-cp-¶p. kqcym-kvX-a-b-am-Ip-t¼mÄ IpSpw-_-§fnepw XoÀYm-S-I-kw-L-§-fnepw FÃm-
hcpw Hcp-an-¨p-IqSn BSnsâ amwkhpw ]pfn-¸n-Ãm¯ A¸hpw hoªpw ]¨n-e-Ifpw sIm-pÅ "skZÀ'
`£Ww Ign-¨n-cp-¶p. BZy-am-k-amb \nkm³ 15-þmw XobXn apXÂ 21--þmw XobXnhsc-bm-bn-cp¶p Xncp-\m-
fm-tLmjw (tehy 23,4-þ8; kwJy 9,1-þ14). s]k-lm-¯n-cp-\mÄ (tbml 6,4)
14,2: P\- § Ä _l- f - a p- m ¡mXn- c n- ¡ m³: s]klm XoÀYm-S-I-cpsS hc-thm-Sp-IqSn Pdp-ktew \K-c-
¯nse P\-kwJy km[m-cW \ne-bn-epÅ 50,000-þÂ\n¶pw Gsd hÀ[n-¡pw. henb Hcp P\k©bs¯
{]tIm-]-n-¸n¡p-¶-Xv A{I-a-§-fn-te¡pw HSp-hn \Kcw tdma³ ssk\yw ssI¿S¡p¶-Xn-te¡pw
\bn¡mw.
14,3: _Ym-\nbm: aÀt¡m 11,1-. Pdp-k-te-anÂ\n¶v GXm\pw In.-ao. Zqsc-bmWv _Y-m\nbm-. Hcp kv{Xo:
tbml 12,3 {]Im-cw, CXv amÀ¯m-bp-sSbpw emk-dn-sâbpw ktlm-Z-cn-bmb adn-b-am-Wv (tbml 11,1.2).
ip² \mÀZn³: ]gb\nb-a-¯nepw CXn-s\-¡p-dn¨v ]cm-aÀiap-v (D¯ 1,12; 4,13.14. C´y-bnÂ\n¶v Cd-
¡p-aXn sNbvXn-cp-¶-Xm-Imw \mÀZo³ ]cn-af{Zhyw). inckn Hgn¨p: incknse A`n-tjIw cmP-Xz-
¯nsâ kqN-\-bm-I-bm (1- kmap 10,1; 2 cmPm 9,6) tbip-hns\ C{km-tb-ensâ cmPmhpw anin-lm-bp-
ambn AwKo-I-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wn-hn-sS.
14,4-.5: AaÀjt¯msS ]d-ª-hÀ injy-·m-cm-sW¶v a¯m- 26,8þDw bqZmkv kvIdn-tbm-¯-bm-sW¶v
tbml- 12,4þDw ]dbp-¶p. ap¶qdp Z\md: ap¶qdp Z\mdsb¶Xv GI-tZiw Hcp hÀjs¯ thX-\-¯n\p
Xpey-amb XpI-bm-Wv. (aÀt¡m 6,37)-.
14,8 Fsâ kwkv I m- c - ¯ n- \ p- t h- n : Ipä-hm-fn-bmbn ac-W-¯n\p hnt[-b-\m-Ip¶ Xsâ icocw kpK-Ô-
ssX-e-¯m ]qi-s¸-Sp-I-bnà F¶ hkvXpX tbip ChnsS A\p-kva-cn-¡p-¶p. Ipä-hm-fn-IÄ¡v A]-am-
\-I-chpw Adn-b-s¸-Sm-¯-Xp-amb kwkvIm-c-amWv \evI-s¸-«ncp¶-Xv. tbip-hnsâ kwkvIm-c-¯n\v D-m-
Im-\n-S-bpÅ Ipdhv Cu kv{XobpsS {]hr-¯n-aqew ]cn-l-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-I-bmWv. Xsâ inckn kpK-Ô-
ssXew ]qin- s ¡m- p Å Cu kv{XobpsS kvt\l-{]-I-S\w tbip \ymbo-I-cn-¡p-¶p. a¯m 26,12; tbml
12,7.
14,12: s]k-lm-`-£Ww: \nkm³ 14-þmw XobXn D¨-I-gnªv _en-bÀ¸n¨ s]k-lm-Ip-ªm-Snsâ amwkw
A¶p kqcym-kvX-a-b-¯n\pw AÀ[-cm-{Xn¡panS-bn `£n-¨n-cp-¶p. s]k-lm- `-£Ww Pdp-ktew\K-cm-
XnÀ¯n-¡p-Ån¯s¶ Ign-¡-W-sa-¶-Xn-\m-emWv (\nb 16,5.6) FhnsS s]k-lm-`-£Ww Hcp-¡-W-
sa¶v injyÀ tNmZn-¡p-¶-Xv.
14,13: Hcp IpSw shÅw: ap³Iq«n Hcp-¡nb AS-bm-fw. ImcWw, s]mXpth A¡m-e¯v kv{XoI-fmWv
IpS-§-fn shÅw Npa-¶n-cp-¶-Xv (DXv] 24,11; ]pd 2,16; tbml 4,7). Hcp hyàn F¶ÀY¯n-epÅ
{Ko¡p]Z-amWv ChnsSbpÅsX-¦nepw AbmÄ ]pcp-j-\m-bn-cp-¶p-sh¶ {]I-S-amb kqN-\-bm-WpÅXv.
14,15: hen-b -am-fn-I-apdn: tbip-hn\v \K-c-¯n k¼-¶-cmb kplr-¯p-¡tfm injytcm D-m-bn-cp-¶p-
sh¶v A\p-am-\n-¡mw.
14,18: Ccn-¡p-t¼mÄ: blq-ZÀ \n¶p-sIm-mWv BZy s]klm `£n-¨-sX-¦n (]pd 12,11) tbip-hnsâ
Ime¯v Ccp- ¶ p- s Im- m - b n- c p- ¶ p `£n- ¨ n- c p- ¶ Xv . Ft¶m-sSm¸w `£Ww Ign-¡p¶: hncp-¶p-ta-i-
bnse Bg-amÀ¶ kvt\l-_-Ô-¯n\p hncp-²-ambn s]k-lm-hn-cp-¶nÂh-¨p-Xs¶ Hcp injy³ h©n-
¡p-¶Xp shfn-s¸-Sp-¯pI-bm-Wn-hn-sS (k¦o 41,9). a¯m-bn-bpsSbpw tbml-¶m-sâbpw `mjy-¯nÂ
bqZmkmWv Hän-s¡m-Sp-¡p-¶Xv (a¯m 26,25; tbml 13,26).
14,22þ26: tbip-hnsâ ]pXnb DS-¼-Snsb¡pdn-¨p-Å `mKw bqZm-knsâ h©-\-bp-sSbpw (14,17þ21) ]t{Xm-
knsâ \ntj-[-¯n-sâbpw (14,27-þ31) kqN-\-IÄ¡nSbv¡v hnh-cn-¡p-¶p. injy-cp-sS kzmÀY-X-bp-sSbpw
Ahn-iz-kvX-X-bp-sSbpw CS-bn-emWv tbip-hnsâ Bß-Xym-Kw.
14,22: FSp-¯v, BinÀh-Zn-¨v, apdn¨v ... \evIn: A¸w hÀ[n-¸n-¡p¶ AZv`pXw hnh-cn-¡p-t¼mgpw CtX
hm¡p-IÄXs¶ D]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶p (aÀt¡m 6,4). aÀt¡m 6,35-þ44. "BioÀh-Zn¨v' F¶-Xn\v D]-tbm-Kn-¨n-
cn-¡p¶ "bqtfm-tK-kmkv' F¶ {Ko¡p-]-Z-¯n\v ssZhs¯ kvXpXn-¨p, hmgv¯n F¶m-WÀYw. eq¡m
22,19þepw 1 tImdn 11,24þepw CXn-\p- k-am-´-c-amb "bq¡-cn-kvtXmkv' (\µn ]dªp) F¶m-Wv D]-tbm-Kn-
¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. CXv Fsâ ico-c-amWv: s]k-lm-¯n-cp-\m-fnsâ ]pfn-¸n-Ãm¯ A¸s¯ tbip Xsâ ico-
c-t¯mSv sFIycq]-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p (tbml 6,51). a¯m 26,26-þ29.
14,24: Nn´-s¸-Sp-¶Xpw: a¯m 26,27-.28-. At\-IÀ¡p-th-n: FÃm-hÀ¡pw F¶ÀY¯n-emWv Cu ]Z-{]-
tbm-Kw. -a¯m 26,28. DS-¼-SnbpsS Fsâ càw: ChnsS ]pd 24,8þsâ [z\nbp-v. bmlvthbpw C{km-
tbepw X½n-ep-Å ]gb DS-¼Sn ko\mbvae-bn _enarK-¯nsâ càwsIm-p ap{Zhbv¡-s¸-«--
t]mse, {InkvXphpw k`bpw X½n-epÅ ]pXnb DS-¼Sn tbiphnsâ kz´w càw-sIm-v ap{Z-h-bv¡-
s¸-«p. ]cn-ip-²-IpÀ_m\ Øm]\w (a¯m 26,26-þ29)
14,26: kvtXm{XKoXw Be-]n-¨-tijw: s]klm BNcW-¯n-ep-S-\ofw ltÃÂ KoX-§-Ä (k¦o 113-
þ118) Be-]n-¨n-cp¶p.
Gä-hp-sam-Sp-hn 136-þmw k¦oÀ¯-\-amWv Be-]n-¨n-cp-¶-Xv. AhnSs¯ ImcpWyw A\´amWv F¶v 26
hcnIfnepw BhÀ¯n¡p¶ Cu kvtXm{XKoXw tbiphnsâ ]oUmkl\actWm°m\§fmb
s]klmclky§Ä¡v BapJambn¯oÀ¶Xv Nnt´m±o]IamWv.
14,27: CS-bs\ ASn¡pw: kJ 13,7-þÂ \n¶pÅ D²-c-Wn. C{km-tb-ensâ CS-b-\mb aninlm B{I-an-
¡-s¸-Sp-¶Xpw XmXvIm-en-I-am-sb-¦nepw Ahn-Ss¯ BSp-IÄ NnX-dn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶Xpw kJ-dnbm ap³Iq«n
ImWp-¶p. ssZh-¯nsâ AP-K-W-s¯ Hcp-an¨pIq«m\pw hnip-²o-I-cn-¡m-\p-ambn krjvSn-¡-s¸« Hcp
kml-N-cy-am-bmWv {]hm-N-I³ CXns\ ImWp-¶Xv (kJ 13,8.9). tbip-hns\ _Ôn¡p-t¼mÄ injy-
·mÀ NnX-dn-¡-s¸-Sp-Ibpw {]h-N\w ]qÀ¯nbm-Ip-Ibpw sN¿p¶p (aÀt¡m 14,49.50).
14,32: KXvska\n: "F®-¨¡v' F¶ÀY-apÅ lo{_p-]-Zw. Hen-hp-a-e-bpsS ]Snªmtd Ncn-hn Pdp-k-
te-an-\-`n-ap-J-ambn ØnXnsNbvXn-cp¶ tXm«-am-bn-cp¶p CXv (tbml 18,1).
14,45: Npw_n¨p: hmÕ-ey-¯nsâ AS-bm-f-amb Hcp {]hr¯n- (eq¡m 7,45; tdmam 16,16; 1 ]t{Xm 5,14)
bqZmkv NXn-bpsS AS-bm-f-am¡n hnIr-X-am-¡p-¶p (kp`m 27,6). injy-·mÀ X§-fpsS dºn-amsc Npw_n-
¨p- s Im- m Wv A`n- h m- Z \wsNbv X n- c p- ¶ - X v .
14,53: AhÀ ... Hcp-an-¨p-IqSn: {]-[m\ ]ptcmln-Xcpw P\-{]-am-Wn-Ifpw \nb-a-Úcpw DÄs¸-Sp-¶-
\ymbm-[n-]-kwLwapgp-h\pw Hu]-Nm-cn-I-ambn cm{Xn-bn¯s¶ kt½-fn-¨-Xm-bmWv aÀt¡mkv hnh-cn-
¨n-«p-ÅXv. I¿m^m-knsâ ho«nÂh¨p \S-¶Xv HutZy-mKnI hnNm-c-W-bm-Im³ hgnbn-Ã. km³sl-{Znsâ
HutZym-Kn-I-tbm-K§Ä ]IÂkab¯mWv \S-t¯-n-bn-cp-¶-Xv. am{X-a-Ã, {][m-\-]p-tcm-ln-Xsâ `h-\-
aÃ, tZhm-e-b-¯nsâ ]Sn-ªmdp`mK-¯pÅ {]tXy-I- ap-dn-bmWv km³sl-{Znsâ HutZym-Kn-I -k-t½-f-\-
Ø-ew. tdmam-¡mÀ hnNm-cW\S-¯n-bn-cp-¶Xv {]`m-X-¯n-em-bn-cp-¶-Xn-\mÂ, AXn-\p-apt¼ blq-Z-hn-
Nm-cW Xnc-¡n«p ]qÀ¯n-bm-¡n-sb¶v ChnsS a\kn-em¡mw. alm]ptcm-ln-X³: F.Un 18þ36 hsc Pdp-
k-te-an A[n-Im-c-¯n-ep-m-bn-cp¶ I¿m-^mkv. Cu Ime-b-f-hn km³sl-{Zn³ F¶ blqZtImS-
Xn-bpsS A[y-£X \nÀh-ln-¨n-cp-¶Xpw At±lwXs¶-bm-bn-cp¶p.
14,55: \ymbm-[n-]-kwLw apgp-h\pw: Pdp-k-te-an IqSn-bn-cp¶ blq-Z-cpsS ]c-tam-¶X \oXn-]o-Tw
(aÀt¡m 15,1; A¸ 5,27; 23,1). _n.-kn. c-mw \qäm-t-m-Sp-IqSn XpS¡wIpdn-¨-Xmbn Icp-X-s¸-Sp¶ CXnsâ
{]mY-anI Dt±iyw blqZ\nb-a-§fpw ]mc-¼-cy§fpw P\-§-fpsSbnS-bn \S-¸n-em-¡pI F¶-Xm-bn-cp-
¶p. km³sl-{Zn\n 71 AwK-§Ä D-m-bn-cp-¶p. alm]ptcm-ln-X³, Pdp-k-te-anse kp{]-[m\ IpSpw-
_-§-fnse apJyÀ, {][m\]ptcm-ln-Xsâ Imcym-e-b-¯nsâ taÂt\m«w \nÀh-ln-¨n-cp¶ apJy-]p-tcm-
ln-X³, tami-bpsS \nb-a-¯n {]mK-Ûy-ap-m-bn-cp¶ \nb-a-ÚÀ F¶n-h-c-S-§nb kwL-¯n A[n-
Iw-t]cpw ^cn-tk-btcm k±p-¡m-btcm Bbn-cp¶p (A¸ 23,6-þ10). tdma³ `c-W-¯nsâ Iogn-embncp¶-
t¸mgpw aX-]-chpw cmjv{So-b-hp-amb Imcy-§Ä \nb-{´n-¡m³ X¡-hn[w kzmX{´yw AhÀ \ne-\n-dp-
¯n-bn-cp¶p. h[in£ \S¸nem¡m-\pÅ A[n-Imcw am{X-am-bn-cp¶p AhÀ¡v \evI-s¸-Sm-Xn-cp-¶Xv
(tbml 18,21). \ymbm-[n-]-kwLw (eq¡m 22,66).
14,63: hkv { Xw hen¨pIodn- s ¡m- v : ZpxJhpw Xo{h-a-\x-t£m-`hpw {]I-Sn-¸n¡p¶ Hcp {]hr¯nsb¶
\ne-bn ss__n-fn ]e-bn-S¯pw CXp ImWp-¶p-v (DXv] 37,29; 2 cmPm 19,1; F{km 9,3). ]ptcmlnXÀ
X§-fpsS hkv{Xw Iodp-¶Xp hne-¡p¶ tami-bpsS \nbaw (tehy 10,6; 21,10) alm]ptcm-ln-X³ ChnsS
ew-Ln-¡p-I-bm-Wv.
14,64: ssZh-Zq-jWw: kzÀKobknwlm-k-\-¯n Xm³ D]-hn-jvS-\m-Ip-sa¶v tbip ]d-bp-¶Xv ssZh-
\m-a-t¯m-SpÅ Zqj-W-am-bn AhÀ IW¡m-¡p-¶p. tehyÀ 24,16 {]Imcw h[-in£ AÀln-¡p¶
Gähpw henb Ipäw km³sl-{Zn³ tbiphnsâta Npa-¯p-¶p.
15,2: ]oem-t¯mkv: tdmam-bnÂ\n¶pw \ntbm-Kn-¡-s¸« bqZ-bm-bpsS s{]m¡p-td-äÀ (F.-Un. 26-þ36). \oXn-
\nÀh-ln¡m³ Xmev]-cy-ap-Å-h-\mbn kphn-ti-j-I³ ]oem-t¯m-kns\ Nn{Xo-I-cn-¡p-¶ps--¦nepw
Ncn-{X-tc-J-I-fn {Iqc\pw aÀ¡-S-ap-jvSn-¡m-c-\p-am-Wv. At±-l-¯nsâ BØm\w tIk-dnbm acn-¯oa
Bbn-cp-s¶-¦nepw s]k-lm-¯n-cp-\mÄ Ime¯v Pdp-k-te-an hcp-am-bn-cp-¶p.
15,7: _dm-ºmkv: -"]nXm-hnsâ ]p{X³' F¶ÀYw hcp¶ Hcp Ac-amb \maw. ]nXm-hnsâ bYmÀY ]p{X-
\mb \njvI-f-¦-\mb tbip-hn-\p-]-Icw Ipä-hm-fn-bmb _dm-ºmkv hn«-b-bv¡-s¸-Sp¶p (aÀt¡m 1,1.11;
3,11; 9,7; 15,39). a¯m 27,16-.17.
15,16: {]t¯m-dnbw: alm-\mb tltdm-tZkv \nÀan¨p \evInbXmWv ]oem-t¯m-knsâ Pdp-k-te-anse
Cu HutZy-KnI hk-Xn.
15,22: tKmÂtKmYm: "Xetbm«n' F¶ÀYapÅ "KpÂKÂXm' F¶ Ac-amb]Zw {Ko¡p-en-]n-I-fn Fgp-
Xn-b-Xm-WnXv. CXn\v e¯o³`mj-bnepÅ ]ZamWv ImÂhmcnbpw. Pdp-k-tewtIm«bv¡p shfn-bnepÅ
Cu Øew Ipä-hm-fn-Isf h[-in-£bv¡p hnt[-b-cm-¡m³ ]Xn-hmbn D]-tbm-Kn¨n-cp-¶-p.
15,25: aq¶mw aWn-¡q-dm-bn-cp-¶p: cmhn-se- 9 aWn F-¶ÀYw. XpSÀ¶v aq¶p aWn-¡qÀ CS-hn-«pÅ ka-
b-amWv kqNn-¸n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶Xv (cf. 33.34.42). Cu Hmtcm kµÀ`-hpw aÀt¡mkv hnh-cn-¡p-¶Xv Ncn-{X-]-c-
amb kw`-h-§-fp-sS {Iam-\p-K-Xamb hnh-cWw F¶-Xn-s\-¡mÄ Bcm-[-\m-{I-a-]-chpw aX-t_m-[-\-]-c-
hp-amb coXn-bn-em-Wv F¶v A\p-am-\n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p. BZn-a-k-`-bn \ne-\n-¶n-cp¶ {]mÀY-\m-th-f-I-fm-bn-
cn¡mw CXp kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv.
1- 5,33: Bdmw ... H¼Xmw aWn-¡qÀ hsc: D¨bv¡v 12.00 aWn-ap-XÂ 3.00 aWn-hsc. a¯m 27,45. AÔ-
Imcw: krjvSn-¡p-ap¼v FÃmw AÔ-Im-c-a-b-am-bn-cp-¶p (DXv] 1,2.3). ]pd-¸m-Sn AÔ-Im-c-sa¶ in£-
sb-¡p-dn¨p \mw hmbn-¡p¶p (]pd 10,21-þ23); IÀ¯m-hnsâ Zn\w AÔIm-c-a-b-am-bn-cn¡psa¶v {]hm-N-
I³ ]d-bp¶p (Btam 8,9.10). `bm-\-I-amb AÔ-Im-cs¯ ]g-b-\n-baw ]m]-¯n-\p-ta-epÅ ssZh-
¯nsâ in£m-hn-[n-bp-ambn _Ôn-¸n-¡p-¶p-v (]pd 10,21-þ23; Gi 13,10.11; Btamkv 8,9). AÔ-Im-c-i-
àn-I-fpsS hnPbamWv XpSÀ¶p \mw ImWp-¶-Xv.
15,34: Ftembv, Ftembv: k¦o 22,2þÂ \n¶pÅ Ac-amb `mj-bn-epÅ ]Z-{]-tbm-Kw. a¯m 27,44-. 22-þmw
k¦oÀ¯-\-¯nsâ apgp-h³]Ým-¯ew AXnsâ {]Xym-im-\nÀ`-c-amb ]cy-h-km-\amsW¶p IW-¡n-
se-Sp-¡p-t¼mÄ, tbip-hnsâ ]nXm-hn-epÅ {]Xym-i-X-s¶-bmWv ChnsS {]tabsa¶p ]dbmw (eq¡m
23,46). anin-lm-bpsS ]oUmk-l-\-hpw AXn-s\-¯p-SÀ¶p hcm-\n-cn-¡p¶ hnP-b-hpw CXp {]h-Nn-¡p-¶p.
a\p-jy-]m-]-§Ä Xsâta Gsä-Sp¯ ssZh-]p-{X³ B ]m]-¯nsâ ^e-amb \c-Im-\p-`-h-¯n-eqsS
IS-¶p-t]m-Ip-¶-Xnsâ {]Jym-]\w Cu hnem-]-¯n ImWmw (tdmam 5,8; 1 ]t{Xm 2,24; 3,18). a¯m 27,46.
15,36: \oÀ]-ªn-bn ap¡nb hn\m-Kncn km[m-cW IÀj-IÀ D]-tbm-Kn-¨n-cp¶ hne-Ip-dª ]m\o-b-am-
bn-cp-¶p.