INTERNSHIP REPORT

ON

SHRIRAM WYT FIELD YUVA

Submitted by
DRISHYA D NAMBIAR

18 NOVEMBER 2022

CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT TRAINING INSTITUTE

#177/1, 4th floor, 7th B’Main
Jayanagar 3rd block,
Bengaluru, Karnataka
560011
 DECLARATION
I Drishya D Nambiar hereby declare that the project report entitled “SITE
INTERNSHIP” is based on my own work carried out during the course of my
study after completion of 2 Month training under the supervision of MR.
SREEDHAR REDDY, MR. ANANDHAN EJ ,MR. CHIDANAND
DEVANANDA, MR. LIKITH, MR. HARSHA VARADHANA T AND MR.
SOURAV BAL

I assert the statements made and conclusions drawn are an outcome of my

training work. I further certify that the work contained in the report is original
and has been done by me. We have followed the guidelines provided by the
training institute in writing the report.
 ABOUT THE INSTITUTE

CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT TRAINING INSTITUTE

CMTI is a bridging institute which focus on the

development of young civil engineers on practical aspects
and latest advanced technology in construction sector.
They provide short and long term training for the students
and make them professionally suitable for the various
requirement of the construction sector.

MISSION

To Provide Qualitative value added Training for enhancing talent of young minds

VISION

To enrich the learning modalities for the suitable development to

offer employment opportunities

FOUNDER AND CEO OF CMTI

ER. S G ASHOK KUMAR

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The Training opportunity that CMTI provided enabled me to gain vast amount of
knowledge on various practical aspects of construction sectors and individually
develop professionalism. I consider myself very lucky to be a part of this
programme.
I am very grateful to the entire team of Shriram Properties Limited and
FOUNDER AND CEO of CMTI, Er. Ashok Kumar, for providing this
Training opportunity. I am very thankful for these people for guiding me in each
and every aspect which enabled my professional development. I also convey my
gratitude to all the trainers who trained me every day in spite of their busy
schedules. These trainers provided me with a great guidance and deep knowledge
which enabled me to learn many things theoretically and practically. I believe this
opportunity will be a greatest milestone in my career and through this training i
will be successful in achieving my goals and assure to continue to learn much
more knowledge in this construction sector with the cooperation of CMTI.

i
 CONTENTS
Contents Page No.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i
LIST OF TABLES iv
LIST OF FIGURES v
Chapter 1. ABOUT THE COMPANY 1
1.1 Vision 1
1.2 Mission 1
Chapter 2. ABOUT WYT FIELD YUVA 3
Chapter 3. PROJECT DATA 4
3.1 Project Location 4
Chapter 4. SAFETY 5
Chapter 5. MIVAN FORMWORK 7
5.1 Wall Components 8
5.1.1 Wall Panel 8
5.1.2 Rocker 8
5.1.3 Kicker 8
5.1.4 Stub Pin 9
5.2 Beam Components 9
5.2.1 Beam Side Panel 9
5.2.2 Prop Head for Soffit Beam 9
5.2.3 Beam Soffit Panel 10
5.2.4Beam Soffit Bulkhead 10
5.3 Deck Component 10
5.3.1 Deck Panel 10
5.3.2 Deck Prop 11
5.3.3 Deck Mid - Beam 11
5.3.4 Soffit Length 12
5.3.5 Deck Beam Bar 12
5.4 Other Components 12
5.4.1nternal Soffit Corner 12
5.4.2 External Soffit Corner 13
5.4.3 External Corner 13
5.4.4 Internal Corner 13
5.5 Pin and Wedge System 14
Chapter 6. CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES WITH MIVAN AS FORMWORK 15
6.1 Pre-concrete Activities 15
6.2 On concrete Activities 16
6.3 Post-concrete Activities 16
Chapter 7. CONVENTIONAL FORMWORK (PLYWOOD, WOODEN RUNNERS,
STAGING) 19

ii
Chapter 8. GRID LINE MARKING ON THE SLAB BY SURVEYOR FOR WALL
PANELS ERECTIONS AS PER LAYOUT 21
8.1 Procedure 21
Chapter 9. CONCRETE 22
9.1 Ready mix concrete (RMC) 22
9.2 Self Dynamic Concrete (SDC) 22
9.3 Grade of Concrete 23
9.4 Quality Tests for the Concrete 24
9.4.1 Flow Test of Smart Dynamic Concrete (SDC) 24
9.4.2 Compressive Strength of Concrete 24
9.4.3. Casting of concrete moulds for determination of compressive strength as
per IS516. 25
Chapter 10. CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY USED IN SITE 26
10.1 Mixer 26
10.2 Vibrator 26
10.3 Bar Cutter 26
10.4 Meters 26
10.5 Truck 26
10.6 Masons Square 27
10.7 Plumb Bob 27
10.8 Sprit Level 27
10.9 Pan 27
10.10 Dumpy Level 27
10.11 JCB 28
10.12 Mobile Crane 28
10.13 Total Station 29
. 10.14 Tower Crane 29
Chapter 11. CHECKLIST 30
Chapter 12. COLUMN FORMWORK 34
Chapter 13. PRESSURE GROUTING 36
Chapter 14. WATER PROOFING 38
Chapter 15. TILING WORK 40
Chapter 16. WINDOW FRAME AND BALCONY FRAME FIXING 42
16.1 ACRYLIC SEALANT 43
16.2 SILICONE SEALANT 44
Chapter 17. WALL FINISHES 45
17.1 Putty Work 45
17.2 Painting Work 46
Chapter 18. TRAINING OUTCOMES 47
18.1 Technical Outcomes 47
18.2 Non-technical Outcomes 48
Chapter 19. CONCLUSION 50

iii
iv
 LIST OF TABLES
No Title Page No.

1. Project data 4
2. Conventional formwork 23
3. Mivan formwork 23
4. SDC design mix details 23
5. Normal design mix details 24

v
 LIST OF FIGURES
No Title Page No.

1 Project location 4
2 Safety measures in site 6
3 Mivan formwork 7
4 Wall panel 8
5 Rocker 8
6 Kicker 9
7 Stub pin 9
8 Beam side panel 9
9 Prop head for soffit beam 10
10 Beam soffit-panel 10
11 Beam soffit bulkhead 10
12 Deck panel 11
13 Deck prop 11
14 Deck mid-beam 11
15 Soffit length 12
16 Deck beam bar 12
17 Internal soffit corner 13
18 External soffit corner 13
19 External corner 13
21 Wall assembly details 14
22 Beam assembly details 14
23 Reinforcement work in progress of walls and beams 17
24 Fixing the kicker 17
25 Strike bottom level shutter to erect above level 17
26 Wall panels placing 18
27 Preparation of wall tie to be place 18
28 Conventional formwork 19
29 Structural line marking by surveyor 21
30 Compressive Strength Test Machine and Cube Testing 25
31 RMC truck 26
32 Plumb bob 27
33 Sprit level 27
34 Dumpy level 28
35 JCB 28
36 Mobile crane 29
37 Total station 29
38 Tower crane 29
39 Column formwork fixing 34
40 Materials required for pressure grouting 36
41 Pressure grouting application 36
42 Waterpond in mother slab 38
43 Haunching 38
44 Brushbond with chemicals 38
45 Skin coat application 39
46 Tiling in bathroom 41
47 Checking the window openings 42

vi
48 Fixing balcony frames 43
49 Acrylic sealant 44
50 1st coat putty application mixing 20kg putty powder with 5-6litre of water 46

vii
 CHAPTER 1
ABOUT THE COMPANY

Shriram properties limited is one of the leading residential real estate development companies

in South India, primarily focused on the mid-market and affordable housing categories. It is

among the five largest residential real estate companies in South India, including specifically

in Bengaluru and Chennai, in terms of number of aggregate units launched in the calendar years

2012 to 2017 and the six months ended June 30, 2018. They also present in the mid-market

premium and luxury housing categories, commercial and office space category as well as

plotted development category.

Shriram properties limited is part of the Shriram Group, which is a prominent business group

with four decades of operating history in India and a well-recognized brand in the retail

financial services sector and several other industries.

Since inception in 1995, Shriram Properties have been relentless in their pursuit to deliver the

highest standards of living. They design innovative living spaces which make optimal use of

space, to provide you the best in comfort. The builder is in Kolkata, Vishakhapatnam, Chennai,

Coimbatore, Bengaluru and has been actively developing projects all around the locality.

1.1 VISION

"Be ever respected as the most trusted, honest and progressive corporate in the real estate

industry"

1.2 MISSION

To build quality properties across India with high standards, conforming to relevant building

codes and regulations, focusing on achieving utmost customer satisfaction.

1
To stand committed to their communities in all spheres of our activities including addressing

the environmental concerns such as energy efficiencies, optimum use of water resources &

greenery requirements and minimizing wastages in all the projects executed.

To stand committed to working in partnership with all their stake holders including joint

venture partners, contractors and suppliers giving due consideration to their needs and

expectations within the parameters of customer satisfaction and profits.

2
 CHAPTER 2
ABOUT WYT FIELD YUVA

Shriram Yuva is a New Residential Apartments Under Construction Projects

by Shriram Properties in Whitefield, Bangalore. Whitefield has become one of the most

developed residential areas of Bangalore city. This world-class residential property offers

plenty of advanced living facilities that include strategic location, comfortable and lavish

lifestyle, modern amenities, and healthy surroundings.

This residential complex offers multiple luxury apartments in 2 BHK and 3 BHK format. We

can find 78% open spaces and greenery to ensure an eco-friendly lifestyle.

The modern living facilities offered by this residential property are really top-notch. It comes

with a large swimming pool where people can chill anytime. These premium-quality homes

are future ready with electric car parks and cycle docking stations. There will be two lavishly

designed clubhouses for a youthful living experience with 40+ lifestyle amenities. The

beautiful landscaped garden is a perfect place for hanging out with friends and family. Some

other key features of this complex are sports facility, intercom facility, well-equipped

gymnasium, multipurpose hall, and many more. With 24-hour CCTV surveillance,

this residential projects in Bangalore is a safe place to live in.

This residential property by Shriram Properties comes with many location benefits. Situated at

a prime location of Whitefield, Bangalore, Shriram Yuva Whitefield is an unmatched

residential property. Also, this popular IT hub of Bangalore enjoys close proximity to

Bengaluru International Airport. That is why Whitefield is considered as one of the best

residential destinations for the new-age homebuyers.

3
 CHAPTER 3
PROJECT DATA
Project Data

Name of Work WYT Field Yuva

Location Budigere cross
Architect Garden City Realty Pvt. Ltd
Structural Design Consultant Innotech Engineering Consultant
Mep Consultant Design Tree Service Consultant Pvt. Ltd
Contractor Janav Constructions Private Limited.
Total Plot Area 11.5 Acre
Total BuiltUp Area 16,23,757 Sft
Basement Area 5,08,487 Sft
No of Towers 9
No of Floors G+14
Total No of Flats 1227
Sewage Treatment Plant 2
Clubhouse 1

3.1 PROJECT LOCATION

Fig 1 Project Location

4
 CHAPTER 4
SAFETY

Every developer should ensure that his employees are exposed to a safe work environment. It

is mandatory for a developer with more than 50 workers, to issue a policy statement with

respect to the safety and health of his workers and ensure that the said policies are followed.

Usually, it is the Building and Other Constructions Workers (BOCW) Act that regulates and

provides assistance to workers engaged in construction activities. The BOCW Act lays down

health, safety and well-being measures pertinent to construction workers.

In view of that, developers

• Ensuring safe means of access to any construction site, by providing suitable and

sufficient protective equipment like helmets, eyewear, footwear, gloves, ladders, etc.,

to workers.

• Taking necessary precautions when demolishing a building, in order to avoid any

collapse of the building.

• Ensuring suitable and adequate lighting, when lifting and lowering loads.

• Taking precautions to prevent inhalation of dust, during cleaning or related work,

• Ensuring limited weights are lifted or moved by workers.

• Providing medical facilities to construction workers on site.

5
Fig 2 Safety Measures in Site

6
 CHAPTER 5
MIVAN FORMWORK

A fast-track construction, One of the Latest technology for successful completion of mass

housing Reinforced Concrete Structures. Mivan formwork is the advanced formwork system

made of strong and sturdy aluminum components that has great strength, durability, simple to

install, adaptable and is used in the construction of residential units and mass housing projects.

Here the Columns, Walls, Slabs and Beams poured together – a Monolithic pouring. It provides

high quality construction at unbelievable speed at reasonable cost.

Fig 3 Mivan Formwork

The basic element of the formwork is the panel, which is an extruded aluminium rail section,

welded to an aluminium sheet. This produces a lightweight panel with an excellent stiffness to

weight ratio, yielding minimal deflection under concrete loading. Panels are manufactured in

the size and shape to suit the requirements of specific projects. The panels are made from high

strength aluminium alloy with a 4 mm thick skin plate and 6mm thick ribbing behind to stiffen

the panels.

7
5.1 WALL COMPONENTS

5.1.1 Wall Panel

It forms the face of the wall. It is an Aluminium sheet properly cut to fit the exact size of the

wall.

Fig 4 Wall panel

5.1.2 Rocker

It is a supporting component of wall. It is Lshaped panel having allotment holes for stub pin.

Fig 5 Rocker

5.1.3 Kicker

It forms the wall face at the top of the panels and acts as a ledge to support

8
 Fig 6 Kicker
5.1.4 Stub Pin

It helps in joining two wall panels. It helps in joining two joints.

Fig 7 Stub pin

5.2 BEAM COMPONENTS

5.2.1 Beam Side Panel

It forms the side of the beams. It is a rectangular structure and is cut according to the size of

the beam.

Fig 8 Beam side panel

5.2.2 Prop Head for Soffit Beam

It forms the soffit beam. It is a V-shaped head for easy dislodging of the formwork.

9
 Fig 9 Prop head for soffit beam

5.2.3 Beam Soffit Panel

It supports the soffit beam. It is a plain rectangular structure of aluminum.

Fig 10 Beam soffit-panel

5.2.4 Beam Soffit Bulkhead

It is the bulkhead for beam. It carries most of the bulk load.0

Fig 11 Beam soffit bulkhead

5.3 DECK COMPONENT

5.3.1 Deck Panel

It forms the horizontal surface for casting of slabs. It is built for proper safety of workers.

10
 Fig 12 Deck panel

5.3.2 Deck Prop

It forms a V-shaped prop head. It supports the deck and bears the load coming on the deck

panel.

Fig 13 Deck prop

5.3.3 Deck Mid – Beam

It supports the middle portion of the beam. It holds the concrete.

Fig 14 Deck mid-beam

11
5.3.4 Soffit Length

It provides support to the edge of the deck panels at their perimeter of the room.

Fig 15 Soffit length

5.3.5 Deck Beam Bar

It is the deck for the beam. This component supports the deck and beam.

Fig 16 Deck beam bar

5.4 OTHER COMPONENTS

5.4.1 Internal Soffit Corner

It forms the vertical internal corner between the walls and the beams, slabs, and the horizontal

internal cornice between the walls and the beam slabs and the beam soffit.

12
 Fig 17 Internal soffit corner

5.4.2 External Soffit Corner

It forms the external corner between the components.

Fig 18 External soffit corner

5.4.3 External Corner

It forms the external corner of the formwork system

Fig 19 External corner

5.4.4 Internal Corner

It connects two pieces of vertical formwork pieces at their exterior intersections.

13
5.5 PIN AND WEDGE SYSTEM

The panels are held in position by a simple pin and wedge system that passes through holes in

the outside rib of each panel. The panels fit precisely, simply and securely and require no

bracing. Buildings can be constructed quickly and easily by unskilled labour with hammer

being the only tool required. Once the panels have been numbered, measuring is not necessary.

As the erection process is manually, tower cranes are not required. The result is a typical 4 to

5 day cycle for floor to floor construction.

Fig 21 Wall assembly details Fig 22 Beam assembly details

14
 CHAPTER 6
CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES WITH MIVAN FORMWORK

The construction activities are divided as pre –concrete activities, during concreting and post

– concrete activities.

They are as follows:

PRE – CONCRETE ACTIVITIES:-

a) Receipt of Equipment on Site – The equipments is received in the site as ordered.

b) Level Surveys – Level checking are made to maintain horizontal level check.

c) Setting Out – The setting out of the formwork is done.

d) Control / Correction of Deviation – Deviation or any correction are carried out.

e) Erect Formwork – The formwork is erected on site.

f) Erect Deck Formwork – Deck is erected for labours to work.

g) Setting Kickers – kickers are provided over the beam.

After the above activities have been completed it is necessary to check the following.

1. All formwork should be cleaned and coated with approved realize agent.

2. Ensure wall formwork is erected to the setting out lines.

3. Check all openings are of correct dimensions, not twist.

4. Check all horizontal formwork (deck soffit, and beam soffit etc.) in level.

5. Ensure deck and beam props are vertical and there is vertical movement in the prop lengths.

6. Check wall ties, pins and wedges are all in position and secure.

15
7. Any surplus material or items to be cleared from the area to be cast.

ON CONCRETE ACTIVITIES:-

At least two operatives should be on standby during concreting for checking pins, wedges and

wall ties as the pour is in progress. Pins, wedges or wall ties missing could lead to a movement

of the formwork and possibility of the formwork being damaged. This affected area will then

required remedial work after striking of the formwork.

Things to look for during concreting:

1. Dislodging of pins / wedges due to vibration.

2. Beam / deck props adjacent to drop areas slipping due to vibration.

3. Ensure all bracing at special areas slipping due to vibration.

4. Overspill of concrete at window opening etc.

POST – CONCRETE ACTIVITIES:-

1. Strike Wall Form- It is required to strike down the wall form.

2. Strike Deck Form- The deck form is then removed.

3. Clean, Transport and stack formwork.

4. Strike Kicker Formwork – The kicker are removed.

5. Strike wall – Mounted on a Working Platform the wall are fitted on next floor.

6. Erect Wall – Mount Working Platform and the wall is erected.

16
Fig 23 Reinforcement work in progress of walls and beams

Fig 24 Fixing the kicker

Fig 25 Strike bottom level shutter to erect above level

17
 Fig 26 Wall panels placing

Fig 27 Preparation of wall tie to be place

18
 CHAPTER 7
CONVENTIONAL FORMWORK (PLYWOOD, WOODEN
RUNNERS, STAGING)
Formwork and centering is a temporary structure that is erected to support and contain concrete

to the required dimensions and shape, till it attains enough strength to become self supporting.

The formwork is designed to safely support the combined loads(dead and live loads)

During concreting, without bulging or deflecting.

Fig 28 Conventional formwork

Material required for conventional formwork

• staging -cup-lock system, is a supporting system required to keep the form work in

position. It carries loads and transmits it to the firm surface/base.

Cup-lock system components

1. Base jack

2. Verticals/standards of different height

3. Horizontals/ledgers of different lengths

4. Adjustable screw jack (U head)

5. Primary waler

6. Secondary waler

19
• Ply wood

• Wooden runner

Runners are used to strengthen the plywood and to prevent the plywood from bending,

warping and bulging. Spacing and size of runners depends on loads that will be imposed

on the formwork.

20
 CHAPTER 8
GRID LINE MARKING ON THE SLAB BY SURVEYOR FOR
WALL PANELS ERECTIONS AS PER LAYOUT

8.1 PROCEDURE

Structural line is drawn on the slab at offset distance of 300mm from internal side of wall with

help of points given by the surveyor at every right angle of walls (at every corner of walls).

Surveyor locates these points with aid of total station equipment. The application of total station

that is used by surveyor is stake out/ setting out process(Stake out means process of finding the

positions of known coordinates points)

Fig 29 Structural line marking by surveyor

FFL SSL
Terrace level 931.7
14th floor 928.8 928.75
13th floor 925.85 925.8
12th floor 922.9 922.85
11th floor 919.95 919.9
10th floor 917 916.95
9th floor 914.05 914
8th floor 911.1 911.05
7th floor 908.15 908.1
6th floor 905.2 905.15
5th floor 902.25 902.2
4th floor 899.3 899.25
3rd floor 896.35 896.3
2nd floor 893.4 893.35
1st floor 890.45 890.4
Ground floor 887.5 887.45

21
 CHAPTER 9
CONCRETE

9.1 READY MIX CONCRETE (RMC)

Mostly RMC is used for all concrete casting in site “Concrete that is manufactured for delivery

to a purchaser in a plastic and unhardened state”. The Indian Standard Specification IS

4926:2003 defines RMC as: “Concrete mixed in a stationary mixer in a central batching and

mixing plant or in a truck-mixer and supplied in fresh condition to the purchaser either at the

site or into the purchaser’s vehicles”.

9.2 SELF DYNAMIC CONCRETE (SDC)

RC Wall of mivan formwork are cast by using SDC concrete mix design in working site.

SDC is a special concrete which is highly flow able, non-segregating and by its own weight

spread into place and completely fill the formwork even in the presence of dense reinforcement.

SDC offers several economical and technical benefits. SDC requires minimal to no vibration

due to its self-compacting properties, thereby resulting in lower energy and manpower

utilization. Demoulding can be done in 16 hours and faster rotation of the formwork or in other

words, shorter cycle times resulted in overall cost savings and more importantly, earlier

completion times. Excellent surface finish with no honeycombing and voids can be achieved

with SDC, Hence, the repair costs of concrete members cast with SDC can be maintained at a

low level. SDC is an attractive proposition for designers, contractors, and owners because it is

economically viable without compromising aspects such as the durability of structures.

22
9.3 GRADE OF CONCRETE

Conventional Formwork

1 PCC M10
2 Footing and RW Raft M30WPC
3 Retaining Wall M30WPC
4 Column and SW M40
5 LB slab (Capital drops) M40
6 LB slab M30
7 UB slab M40

Mivan Formwork

1 Ground floor roof slab M30

2 Ground floor wall M40SDC
3 First floor roof slab M30
4 First floor wall M40SDC
5 Second floor roof slab M30
6 Second floor wall M30SDC
7 3rd floor roof to 13th floor M30
8 3rd to 4th floor wall M30SDC
9 Terrace slab M30 WPC/SPC
10 Above terrace parapet, LHR, OHR M30

SDC Design Mix Details

Sl Desc Cement Cement GG MSand 20mm 12.5 w/c Dosage of W/ Flo

No riptio brand kgs BS kgs mm ratio admixture C w
n kgs kgs req
uir
ed
1 Final ACC 273 117 1002 222 668 0.42 2.34kg 0.4 63
SDC 53 70% 30% 25% 75% (163kg) Auramix 2 0m
M30 GRADE 390 890 300 plus of m-
OPC m/s fosroc 65
chemicals(l) 0m
ltd m
2 Final ACC 53 322 138 971 210 614 0.35 2.76kg 0.3 63
SDC GRADE 70% 30% 25% 75% (161kg) Auramix 5 0m
M40 OPC 460 824 300 plus of m-
m/s fosroc 65
chemicals(l) 0m
ltd m

23
 Normal Design Mix Details

Sl descript Ceme Cem GG MSa 20m 12.5 Wat Admixt w/c Slum
N ion nt ent BS nd m mm er ure kgs p(mm
o brand kgs kgs kgs kgs )
1 Final ACC 250 80 759 695 463 155 1.65 0.47 130
mix 53 76% 24% 60% 40% CACH3
design GRA
330 1158
M25 DE
OPC
2 Final ACC 280 90 787 658 439 163 1.85 0.44 130
mix 53 76% 24% 60% 40% CACH3
design GRA
370 1097
M30 DE
OPC
3 Final ACC 360 90 732 649 436 162 2.25 0.36 120
mix 53 80% 20% 60% 40% CACH3
design GRA
450 1085
M40 DE
OPC

9.4 QUALITY TESTS FOR THE CONCRETE

9.4.1 Flow test of smart dynamic concrete (SDC)

The flow test is used to measure the workability of high or very high workable concrete,

which eventually would exhibit the collapse of slump. It gives an idea about the quality

of the concrete with respect to the consistency and cohesiveness. This workability test is

quite simple to perform and is the best for the concrete which has a nominal maximum

size of aggregate less than 38 mm.

Flow range – 630 to 650mm

9.4.2 Compressive strength of concrete

Compressive strength of Concrete can be defined as the ability of material or structure

to carry the loads on it without any crack or deflection. The compressive strength of concrete

24
can be calculated by dividing the load applied to the concrete cube at the point of failure by

the cross-section area of the cube (15x15x15 cm) on which the load was applied.

9.4.3 Casting of concrete moulds for determination of compressive strength as per IS

516

Procedure for casting of cubes

• Take random samples from the mix in a ghamela, while concreting.

• Pour concrete into the cubes in 3layers

• Compact each layer with 35nos

• Finish the top surface by thapi/trowel after compaction of the last layer

Fig 30 Compressive strength test machine and Cube Testing

For every 50cubic meter of concrete, 9cubes are casted ie 3 cubes are tested for compressive

strength at 3days and 3cubes at 7days and 3cubes at 28days. In 3days it should be 45% of

specified strength and for 7days it should be 60% of specified strength.

Marking on cubes contains the date of casting, grade and type of concrete, tower number.

25
 CHAPTER 10
CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY USED IN SITE
10.1 MIXER

It is a mechanical material used for mixing the concrete ingredients (water, cement and

aggregate). In site they use truck mixer from RMC plant, a concrete mixer mounted on the

chassis of a truck used for mixing and delivering concrete.

Fig 31 RMC Truck

10.2 VIBRATOR

Having secured the necessary supply, the concrete needs to be placed and compacted. These

two activities are carried out simultaneously. Placing and compaction of concrete should be

done without causing any segregation of its ingredients. For of compaction the concrete, on

our sites they use a vibrator

10.3 BAR CUTTER

Bar cutter is used to cut the reinforcement bar to accelerate the work, also called set-to In

Site.

10.4 METERS

Meter is used to take distance measurement.

10.5 TRUCK

26
Truck is used to transport materials to different location in sites.

10.6 MASONS SQUARE

Masons square is used to get right angle, also called squadra in site.

10.7 PLUMB BOB

Plumb bob is used to check that a surface is level vertically.

Fig 32 Plumb bob

10.8 SPIRIT LEVEL

Sprit level is used with straight edge, for getting a horizontal surface. The levelling tube is

filled with alcohol and bubble of air.

Fig 33 Spirit level

10.9 PAN

Pan is used to carry mortar, concrete etc. To other place in the construction.

10.10 DUMPY LEVEL

Dumpy level is a Levelling instrument used to locate the points in same horizontal plane.

27
 Fig 34 Dumpy level

10.11 JCB

The function of the JCB machine is excavation of the land which is categorized as earth

moving equipment and construction machine

Fig 35 JCB

10.12 MOBILE CRANE

A mobile crane is a cable-controlled crane mounted on crawlers or rubber-tired carriers or a

hydraulic-powered crane with a telescoping boom mounted on truck-type carriers or as self-

propelled models. They are designed to easily transport to a site and use with different types

of load and cargo with little or no setup or assembly.

28
 Fig 36 Mobile crane

10.13 TOTAL STATION

A total station can measure angles and distances electronically and process trigonometrically

to give us, at a minimum, position coordinates in space.

Fig 37 Total station

10.14 TOWER CRANE

A tower crane is considered to be a modern form of a balance crane. When fixed to the ground,
this type of crane will often give the best of height and lifting capabilities. They are also used
when constructing tall buildings.

Fig 38 Tower crane

29
 CHAPTER 11
CHECKLIST
A construction checklist is a set of items or activities that a site in-charge must verify, check,

and inspect to ensure the systematic progress of a project. It is a great tool that can help

optimize and organize a project in many ways. It helps to overcome the errors that arise due

to human carelessness.

The common types of construction checklists are:

1. General safety checklists

2. Equipment checklists

3. Tools checklists

4. Quality and certification checklists

5. Pre-work checklists

• CHECKLIST: Quality Inspection Report -Concrete Operation

1. Before concreting center lines checked

2. Formwork and staging checked

3. Reinforced checked

4. Verified certs for cement and steel

5. Adequacy of materials equipment to commence pour

6. Embedded parts checked

7. Check cover to reinforcement

8. Check plumb

9. Check reduced levels

Other things to be considered are

• Check reduced levels

• Construction joint location and type

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 • Cement consumption in kgs Actual / Theoretical

• No of cubes and identification marks

• Cube test result After 7days/ After 28days

• Concrete condition on form removal

Concrete Pouring Details

Vehicle no

Grade of concrete CUM/RMC

Invoice no

Concrete qty

Batching time

Pouring start time / end time

Slump test

Location

Identification mark

Remark

• CHECKLIST: Quality Inspection Report - Roofing, Insulation and water proofing

1. Check laying of screed and slopes

2. Check laying of water proof material

(check thickness if felt is used)

(No of coats/ Layers as specified)

3. Check for leaks

4. Check laying of insulation

5. Check laying of precast slabs/tiles (if required)

6. Check spreading gravel or any other material (if required)

7. Check final slopes and levels.

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 • CHECKLIST: Quality Inspection Report - Wall Tie Hole Packing

1. Check surface cleaning

2. Check remove wall tie,sleeve, plastic cover

3. Check W.T. Hole area free from Grease, Oil, Dust

4. Check proper cleaning with water

5. Check proper tools while packing

6. Check cementitious non shrink materials approval by client

After

7. Check curing by water/curing compound

8. Check grinding at hole packing

9. Check leakages testing for before painting

Finishing Work Activity

1. Steel Reinforcement

2. Shuttering work

3. Concrete work

4. Wall grinding

5. T holes packing

6. Touchup work

7. Plastering work

8. Kitchen sunken / utility

9. Windows/door james

10. Balcony/ Rooms

11. Toilets

12. Handover

13. Lobby Finishing

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14. Foor Cleaning

33
 CHAPTER 12
COLUMN FORMWORK

1. Column starter: before casting column a special type of concrete arrangement is made

which is named as starter.

It is given

• To make proper alignment of the shuttering

• To make the column as per the grid line

Fig 39 Column formwork fixing

2. The column box or shuttering for columns is formed of plyboard sheets made up of

adequate stiffeners.

3. A thin film of oil or grease ought to be applied to the inner surface of the shuttering to

facilitate straightforward removal of the column when the concrete hardens.

4. Shuttering ought to be properly aligned to its uprightness and diagonals to be checked

to make sure the accuracy in dimensions.

5. Formwork should be totally supported with props size before running the concrete in

order that it doesn’t move horizontally or vertically throughout concreting.

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6. The gaps close to the shuttered joints ought to be sealed with plaster or a bit of wood to

forestall any leakage.

7. An appropriate area is to be provided within the inner face of the shutter and

reinforcement by fixing covering blocks of 40mm.

8. It is desirable to get rid of shutters in twenty-four hrs. of casting. They mustn’t be

removed before sixteen hours.

9. The removal of shutters should be done gently while not jerking in order that the edges

of columns aren’t broken.

10. Care ought to be taken relating to fixing and supporting column shuttering to avoid

movement throughout concreting.

11. Diagonals of the shuttering to be checked to make sure dimensional accuracy.

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 CHAPTER 13
PRESSURE GROUTING

Fig 40 Materials required for pressure grouting

In existing RCC surface weak area and honey combs should be thoroughly checked to fix

Nozzles, Drilling with 18mm bit by drilling machine up to length 36mm, fix nozzles of 18mm

dia and seal around the pipe with Rapid setting Renderoc plug and allow to dry minimum 4

hours.

Fig 41 Pressure grouting application

Pressure Grouting with CEBEX100 grout material at ratio of 225gm/50kg cement/20lit of

water to be added up to flow able consistency. Thorough mixing and grout with pressure

grouting machine upto honey combs get filled, seal the nozzle with FOSROC RENDEROC

PLUG to avoid mixture getting out.

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Allow 4 hours to dry and cutting the projected nozzles and seal it with FOSROC CONPEXTRA

GP2. Make surface smooth with grinding machine after dry.

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 CHAPTER 14
WATER PROOFING

1. Clean the surface area

2. Check crack is present or not, if crack is there means do treatment like Pressure grouting

Fig 42 Waterpond in mother slab

3. After completing this procedure we have to check mother slab by keeping water for

48hr

Fig 43 Haunching

4. After 48hr no leakage means we can start haunching (a process of making the sharp

corners into smooth curve in areas like floor and wall junctions

Fig 44 Brushbond with chemicals

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5. Waterproofing Coating Brushbond method is applied, first coat horizontally then after

24hrs second coat vertically applied. Chemical used is Sikatop seal 107 IN comp A

liquid with Sikatop seal 107 IN comp B, ratio 1:4.

Fig 45 Skin coat application

6. Next is skin coat, 1:4 mortar ratio with 200ml conplast WL.

7. Again Water testing

8. If it’s a sunken area means screed concrete M20 or brick bat.

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 CHAPTER 15
TILING WORK

1. Cleaning of completed floor slab and rc wall prior for start survey marking and layout

2. Do not begin tiling work until all concealed conduits, pipes, electrical cables, electrical

boxes, etc that penetrate the tiling have been fixed securely in position and making good

is completed

3. Also ensure that waterproofing for wet areas is already done including leak test before

tile work

4. Before laying tiles, floor need to be wet and cement mortar bed of 1:8 mix proportion

to be laid of thicknesses 12mm

5. Cement slurry shall be applied over cement mortar and back of tile with 2mm spacer

joint

6. Place the tiles according to drawing layout to avoid wastage

7. After 24hrs, the joints can be grouted with white cement

8. 7days curing required

The bathroom tiles used in site are Kajaria Digital Nabhraska brown 300 x 300mm, Nabhraska

crema 300 x 450mm, Malaga gris 300 x 450mm, Dona beige 300 x 300. The floor tile is AGL

Tropic white 600 x 600mm.

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Fig 46 Tiling in bathroom

41
 CHAPTER 16
WINDOW FRAME AND BALCONY FRAME FIXING

Fig 47 Checking the window openings

1. Hoist the frame into the wall opening and check its level.

2. The wall thickness is 160mm, frame is fixed like outside offset 32mm and inside 45mm

3. Measure and drill fixing holes into the sides of the frame

4. Drill the fixing screws through the frame and into the wall.

5. Insert the panels into the uPVC window frame.

6. Apply a line of silicone sealant/ Acrylic sealant around the frame’s external surface

42
 Fig 48 Fixing balcony frames

16.1 ACRYLIC SEALANT

Acrylic sealant is a sealing material, mainly obtained from water based acrylic resins. It is not

suitable for use in locations subject to direct water exposure. As it is a paintable material,

acrylic sealant is an ideal material for interior and exterior decoration. It cures after drying. It

is an environmentally friendly material. It provides protection from dust and pests from various

surface cavities.

Generally, it is used in construction covering all kinds of cracks and gaps, expansion joints

between prefabricated building elements and assembly of wood, pvc, iron and aluminum

joinery, plastering of joinery, sealing of joints, combination of eternit, aluminum roof and

facade cladding plates

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 Fig 49 Acrylic sealant

16.2 SILICONE SEALANT

One of the most necessary yet underrated tools in the industrial world is Adhesives. Adhesives

are used in every level of work right from the minor repairs at home to big fixtures in industries.

One such water-resistant glue is a Silicone Sealant that can be used for any fixation. It makes

the products very durable due to its chemical resistant properties.

These are gel-like substances in liquid form. Its chemical components are different from any

other polymer-based organic adhesives. Silicone is known to have properties that can sustain

stability and elasticity in extreme temperatures, making it one of the best options to use in

repairing and building objects.One of the things that need to be taken care of while using it is

that curing is essential. Curing is meant by letting it dry, although it can take as little as 24

hours. The curing’s ideal temperature is between 40◦F and 100◦F, and humidity is between 5%

and 95%. Sometimes it can take a few days to cure depending on the thickness.

Before applying sealant, it is important to ensure that the exterior or interior area is free of wet

surfaces, frost, dirt, and dust in order to achieve a strong bonding and clean and long-lasting

results. It is also important to follow the manufacturer’s instructions to make sure that all the

product’s specifications and guidelines are taken into consideration.

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 CHAPTER 17
WALL FINISHES

The building finishes requires very less maintenance since the formwork used will provide a

smooth finish surface since no need to provide an extra coating of plastering with cement

mortar. The finished internal surface of the house is coated with 3 coat of putty and one coat

primer and 2 coat paint.

17.1 PUTTY WORK

3 coat putty on wall, ceiling and lobby area. The material used are Berger paints BISON

professional putty.

• Surface preparation should be done

• Grinding the concrete joints and wall ties, removal of dust, grease etc

• Take the required quantity of wall putty and 35-40% of water by volumn

• Mix it vigorously by puddle mixer

• Apply putty using putty blade in 2 coats

• Total thickness should be 1.5mm

• Final coat should be applied after proper drying of preceding coat.

This process will bring smooth surface to the walls. To test the smoothness take a light and

raking it across a finished surface can show the imperfection if any.

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 Fig 50 1st coat putty application mixing 20kg putty powder with 5-6litre of water

17.2 PAINTING WORK

After putty apply 1coat berger primer then 2 coat berger paint.

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 CHAPTER 18
TRAINING OUTCOMES

This training has enhanced my knowledge about the environment which is present in a

company. The entire period of two months proved to be a good source of practical exposure.

At the end of these two months now I feel myself better equipped to face the problems in field

of construction. I came to know that what environment prevails in office and site. The friendly

welcome from all the seniors is appreciating, sharing their experience and giving their peace

of wisdom which they have gained in long journey of work. Working at this site helped me to

know all the major and minor aspects of construction management. I got to know new

techniques. I also learnt to tackle with the general problems faced on site. I came to know the

relationship that prevailed between client and the contractor.

Furthermore I have learnt many things by identifying different types of construction materials

and their uses, and also learning a lot about construction process and methods that are used in

WYT Field Yuva construction site, plus by talking and asking questions from the construction

team who were guiding us at the site.

In the end, I feel myself to be more confident and independent. I also feel that this training has

given many valuable things which would help me throughout my professional life.

18.1 TECHNICAL OUTCOMES

• After undergoing my internship, I came across the various departments that prevail at

the construction site like safety, QA/QC & Execution etc.

• I came to know about various materials that were used at the site

• I came to know about the process and specification of different activities starting from

reading of drawing till execution.

• I understood media of communication between client and contractor.

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 • Study and understanding of architectural and structural drawings.

• Reinforcement details and bar bending schedules

• Different waterproofing methods and techniques

• Mass concreting process, methods and techniques

• Quality check for various materials

• Complete understanding of mivan formwork system

• I came to know finishing works that is gypsum plastering, tiling and door and window

fixings.

18.2 NON-TECHNICAL OUTCOMES

• After completing my internship my communication skills have been improved and I

find easy to communicate with people at the site

• One main thing that I have learned through this internship is time management and

patience

• I feel much confident to deal with the problems occurring in the site.

• I now fully understand the importance of being a good team player while working in

such huge projects.

• This internship program has helped to develop my decision making capability.

Improving practical skills

The objective of the internship is to address more practical knowledge and to develop

construction skills for the students. So I have learnt some of the construction skills at site as

much possible within two months. The skills and practical knowledge that have learnt at the

site is of totally different from the actual knowledge gained from the classes.

Some of the practical knowledge and skills that I have learnt from the industrial training was:

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• Various departments that is present in construction industry and their functions, roles

and responsibilities of each engineer working in organization.

• Safety practices and mechanization in construction- operations of tower crane, batching

plant, aggregate recycling plant, suspended hoist platform, builder hoist.

• The various components and sequence of works in mivan formwork (shuttering).

• Surveying skills-column and footing markings using total station equipments. The

application of total station that is used by surveyor is setting out process.

• Bar bending schedule, lap lenth and tying of the reinforcement.

• Placing of reinforcement as per the structural drawings.

• Conventional formwork and supporting systems for the rcc structure

• Concrete sequence arrangement of concrete pump and pipes, pouring, compacting and

finishing activities.

• I have learnt various construction works and their standard methodologies followed at

the starting from excavation to finishing stage that are required to complete the entire

building.

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 CHAPTER 19
CONCLUSION

On the whole, this internship was a useful experience. I have gained new practical knowledge,

skills and met many new people. I got insight into professional practices currently advocated

in the industry. I got a chance to improve both my theoretical and practical knowledge when I

stay in the site. I was learned how to communicate with the site workers. The senior engineers

provided me with a great guidance and deep knowledge which enabled me to learn many things

practically, It taught me a lot about how to handle a variety of situations. The internship

program connects me to the real construction works and made me to hold a vital confidence.

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