Gas Lig

in "Liquid"
Solutions
-

Law
Henry's
Lig Lig .
in
-
RAOULT's law
.
idea solutions
Ideal
& non
.

Solids
-
in
Lig
-
properties
Colligative P
Tb
T
A
Solutions
• Gas in liquid
• Nature of Solute and Solvent and their interactions
• Effect of Temperature and Pressure
• Henry’s law
• Liquid in liquid
• Raoult’s law
• Positive / Negative deviation
• Azeotropes
• Solid in Liquid
• Effect of temperature and pressure on solubility
• Colligative properties
 Gases in Liquids: Factors governing solubility
V
1. Nature of solute and solvent Hy29) vs
O
-
NU3 (g)

T
2. Temperature
-
-

3. Pressure
I ①
like dissolves like
.
-
Ho

②
Solubility of gases
in
the Polar solutes soluble polr Schart
decess with
are more

lif
in

increase in temperature
- * non
poler solutes are more soluble in non-polar
-
-
Solvent
 Due to 4 in
Temperature geseous

E
,

molecule will here a

greater
result
Kinetic energy
a
and as ,

/ to
be able
more
escape
-

will
II they
-

Alay) easily
into the
gaseous phase thereby
,

Alg)
Backwards lessening the
solubility
[P
T -
- -

with the Liberation

g gas proceeds
S
-
- Solubility

heat dissolution
of ges
in his
of it
.

will be exothermic
-
-
Gases in Liquids: Factors governing solubility
Pressure
Henry’s law: solubility of any gas
in Liquid (expressed interns

with the incess in the partial

of more
fractions)
the
increases

pressure of gas - xges =

(In) ge
X
gas
&
Pgas -

C Pos ↓
Xges
- Henry's
Pgs= O O
O Ku Xges
d
constant
 ↳
s y =m -

/
Henry’s law plots

Pgas
↑
Note :
Pg Kn Xgrs
-

=
-

units
Kn =
same as
pressure

Letm , bar-
toor ,
munty)
-
-

=
1. E
-
kn
⑳
Cast
I
o
Pgs = -
()
 Pas ↑
Factors affecting KH
=
KnXges
E
• Nature of gas-solvent interaction
"decease"
As gas-solvent interactions become stronger, value of KH will _________

"own
&

• Temperature oa
TI
As Temperature increases, value of KH will increase"
_________ = 8
Pg =
 Daltons
law
P2 n2
If + I
pan -
-

- O n1

PI E P + P2 n
,
+42
,

I
= -

P2
-

ny - Pl 4
/

-
p =na) T
↑
1,+ N2
P, + Pu
Pressure &

- is P X
fraction
=
,
,
Mole

-
to the
equel
frection
Question: The Henry’s law constant for the solubility of N2 gas in water at 298 K is
1.0 × 105 atm. The mole fraction of N2 in air is 0.8. The number of moles of N2 from
-
air dissolved in 10 moles of water at 298 K and 5 atm pressure is
-

-
[IIT-JEE-2009 (Paper-1)]
X (A) 4.0 × 10–4 Y (B) 4.0 × 10–5
(C) 5.0 × 10–4 (D) 4.0 × 10–6

105 atm
=
PN2 =
N
= 008X 5 =
Yah
I
E
(XNain 0 8 -
.

5atm
PT -

Priz =
<) (XML)
viq

4 = 105 <ND - XNYXCO5

-
-
 S ↓
83 ,
945

944
-

XO2
V=
Nz

-
Por =
((02
-
x
(02)
(U) N2 (XNE)
PN2
↓
3107 02 Yo
t
=
= & 2
XN
6 -
6x105 YN2
 83 BYY
pg /
=
As
K4 , Xges &

E
b NCERT
③ debatable -
-

Pg =
Ku Xg

Pg
= kn (1
-
X H20)

Pg (ku) = X 10 +
KH

④ M
E C
Liquid in Liquid Solutions: Vapor Pressure
Pressure
Vapor
-
: -

its
vapors of any gas
the over
Pressure exected by -

egba.

Enter
they
are in
when
liquid
Pi

E
420(1) = 420(g)

D
,
= Pz = B
E =P
-
-
20
Vz
 independent of the size of
the
Vapor pressure is

it is to the of
vessel taken as
equal p

It remains
the vapor-liquid equilibrium .

not
the same as
long as the temperature is

changed .

effect
-
of Temperture
-
As TP , XP ↑

Glig-motes have more KE

↳ greate tendency to escape

 into
-por
phase .

Factors affecting Vapor Pressure

--

#
Boiling happens when the
Vapor pressure of any
to the extend pressure
liquid becomes equal -
-
:

-
VP
(Pext)
A

-Patente
-------

-
-
 I
You ion
Factors affecting Vapor Pressure
-

ion- dipole
II
"UP 13 nature
of Liquid .

-
- e
dipole-don and

!
&
to
-
-
US CCl

49
.

>
- I induced -

London forces)
induced

0 L -
- -n
/15
--- 9
... Di a
weeken ;interactions

MORE&
>
-
-
, C
in the Liquid phase .

more
easily able to

escepa into gas phase

Raoult’s Law
the
Vapor pressure exerted by
a
liquid over
surface of the

solution is proportional to the mole

fraction of the Liquid

E
in the solution
,
-

-
PA
-

3
C XA
PA X XA =
,

PB & B PB = CXB

when pure Liquid A is taken

.

XA = 1
 PA = PA

I
Raoult’s Law PA = PA XA
PA = C , XA -
-

/Prin
Simila P( P XB
=1
=

(1) -

PB-PB VALID
I
only 32

for IDEAL
-

PB = 2 XB -

P = ((1) auto
Variables and independent equations
O
As its
pless
-

PA P, XA Xin lig
,

S
P, P , O
XB

PT ,
O S
YAUB
-~
I

C) CI

X in gas 9 variable
-
-
-
Phase
-
Variables and independent equations

I
PA = PXA PA =
YAPT

PD = P XB YA + YB = 1

-
PA PB
yP7)
+
P
(b X
-
+ =

XA+
XB =
1
Y
"
6 independentexpecting
-
-
Question: PA , PB0 , yA are given. Find the other variables

/
E+e) = -