Contemporary Philippine

Arts from the Regions

Quarter 2

Module 11

Developments
in Filmmaking
and Cinema
Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions – Grade 12
Quarter 2 – Module 11: Developments in Filmmaking and Cinema
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Jovette C. Calimag

Editors: Jovelyn L. Espino
Reviewers: Narciso Ogaya Jr.
Illustrator: Narciso Ogaya Jr.
Layout Artist: Jovette C. Calimag
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Aurelio G. Alfonso, Ed. D.
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Victor M. Javeña, Ed. D.
Chief, School Governance and Operations Division and
OIC-Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon, Ed. D. (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

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Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
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Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
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Perlita M. Ignacio, Ph. D. (EsP)
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Teresita P. Tagulao, Ed.D. (Mathematics/ABM)

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of

Pasig City
Contemporary Philippine
Arts from the Regions
Quarter 2
Self-Learning Module 11
Developments in
Filmmaking and Cinema

Introductory Message
 For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Contemporary Arts from the Philippine Regions (Grade 12)
Module on Developments in Filmmaking and Cinema!!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed, and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and

independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims
to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them
to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions Module on

Developments in Filmmaking and Cinema! The hand is one of the most symbolized
part of the human body. It is often used to depict skill, action, and purpose.
Through our hands we may learn, create and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this
learning resource signifies that you as a learner is capable and empowered to
successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and
time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - These point to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measure how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS
By the end of this lesson, the learner is expected to…
1. discuss the developments in filmmaking and in cinema in the
Philippines;
2. produce own artwork by applying the techniques in film making
3. appreciate the significance of film making in showcasing the Philippine
contemporary arts.

PRETEST

Direction: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the best answer and
write it on the blank provided before the number.
______ 1. It is called a movie, motion picture or moving picture, is a work of visual
art used to simulate experiences that communicate ideas, stories, perceptions,
feelings, beauty, or atmosphere through the use of moving images.

A. film C. videographer

B. camera capture D. cinema

______ 2. Shorten term for cinematography, is often used to refer to filmmaking and
the film industry, and to the art form that is the result of it.

A. teleserye C. cinema

B. film D. director

______ 3. The first locally produced film is thought to be a story about José Rizal.

A. La Solidaridad C. Maria Clara

B. Noli Me Tangere D. La Vida de Rizal

______ 4. He is named as the Father of Philippine Cinema.

A. Lino Brocka C. Jose Nepomuceno

B. Johny Manahan D. Fernando Poe Jr.

______ 5. It showed documentaries brought in from the U.S. and Europe and closed
after just a few months because the owners were unable to import enough
movies.
A. cinematografo C. camera

B. film D. light
 RECAP
The following cameras are dedicated for filmmaking:
 Cinema cameras
 Consumer camcorders
 Professional camcorders
 Prosumer camcorders

LESSON
Developments in Filmmaking
and Cinema

History of Film and Cinema

Man is a product of history, a great contributor of the society of what we are

and where we are at the present. Today’s modern entertainment cannot be
imagined without the movie industry. Its contribution to the society has paved the
way in the imagination and ability of every artist to create and produce an
exemplary masterpiece in the realization of human life and reenactment of stories
that everyone can relate. Empowered countless artists, crewmen and actors to test
the limits of human imagination, emotion, and fashion. They managed to do so by
harnessing all the available technical resources and enabling artists to paint on the
canvases that expended in their scope with each passing year for more than a
century now.

History of movies started in late 19th century with the era of movie pioneers
who worked on initial efforts of establishing movie business. During this time
recording and projecting short single-camera films slowly expanded across Europe
and United States, giving motivation to countless inventors and filmmakers to start
expanding this business. Innovators like Thomas Edison created numerous
devices that enabled movie reproduction, but his business decisions (patents)
almost singlehandedly forced out the movie creators out of New York area and into
the sunny California where they created Hollywood studios in 2nd decade of 20th
century.
 Illustration of the camera mechanism for the Cineorama balloon simulation 1990
The camera mechanism for the Cineorama balloon simulation, 1900 Paris Exposition.
Date: 1 September 1900. Multiple cameras are used to take surround images.

A film, also called a movie, motion picture or moving picture, is a work of visual
art used to simulate experiences that communicate ideas, stories, perceptions, feelings,
beauty, or atmosphere through the use of moving images. These images are generally
accompanied by sound, and more rarely, other sensory stimulations.

The word "cinema", short for cinematography, is often used to refer

to filmmaking and the film industry, and to the art form that is the result of it.

Early Years of Philippine Cinema

Films were first shown in the Philippine Islands in 1897 during the revolt
against Spain, when two Swiss businessmen sponsored the opening of the
Cinematografo in Manila. The word “cine” became slang for the movies.

Cinematografo showed documentaries brought in from the U.S. and Europe and
closed after just a few months because the owners were unable to import enough
movies.

La Vida de Rizal- first locally produced film is thought to be a story about José
Rizal.
 José Nepomuceno (1893-1959), “The
father of Philippine Cinema” He opened
a production company called Malayan
Movies in 1917. Nepomuceno released
the first Filipino-produced
film, Dalagang Bukid (Country Maiden),
starring Atang de la Rama (1905-1991),
in 1919.Nepomuceno's masterpiece
was Noli Me Tangere (The Social Cancer)
in 1930 was released, based on José
Rizal's Spanish-language novel of the
same name. Rizal's story is credited
with spurring a sense of nationalism
among Filipinos of the day.

Photo source :

http://photos.geni.com/p13/a5/dc/7a/4b/5344483a37e2f4bc/josenepomuceno121126_large.jpg

Syncopation, an American film was the first “talkie” shown in the Philippines. The
first locally produced film with sound, Ang Aswang (The Vampire) wasn't completely
a sound film. That honor went to José Nepomuceno's Punyal na Guinto (Golden
Dagger), which premiered on March 9, 1933, at the Lyric Theater in Manila.

The basis of the film industry always laid in the people who produced them
and the tools that they were given to play and explore with. It is important to
identity the tools used in filmmaking.

There are several major stages in the process of making a film:

 Development of the film - forming the story, writing the script, securing
funding.
  Pre-production - finalizing script, gathering entire film crew from directors
and actors to smallest crewmembers, sets and costume creation, location
scouting, scheduling, calculation of budget.
 Production - daily filming, traveling on locations.
 Post-production - development of film rolls, sound production, special effect
integration, color balancing, music, editing, adjustments for foreign markets,
creation of promotional material.
 Distribution - the finished film is distributed and screened in cinemas
(and/or released to consumer media or direct download from a provider).

The most important positions in the film creation are:

 Director – Responsible to manage day-to-day filming process, artistic changes

in script, and controlling actors on set.
 Assistant director (AD) – Responsible to film smaller scenes that often don’t
include main actors, maintain work schedule for filming crews, manage
logistics and more.
 Director of photography (DP) – Supervises photography of the film (lighting,
lenses, colors).
 Director of audiography (DA) or Sound designer – Supervises audio
recording and audio editing of the entire movie.
 Unit production manager – Works with budgets and production schedules.
 Casting director – Manages auditions to find actors for film roles.
 Location manager – Finds locations for filming and creates schedules for
work in those areas.
 Art director – manages creation of production
sets, and the look of the entire movie, together
with Production Designer.
 Composer
 Choreographer
 Storyboard artists

Essential Film Techniques

In the previous lesson, we have discussed
other filmmaking techniques which is applied in making a good piece. Here
are other essential film techniques that we need to observe.
1.Camera lighting
Lighting plays a big role in the look and feel of a film. When it comes
to basic lighting techniques, three-point lighting is the best place to start
to begin to understand how to light a subject. The elements of three-point
lighting are the key light, the fill light, and the back light. The key light is
your main light. The fill light is placed on the other side of the camera to
fill in the shadows.

2.Shot Composition
One of the most popular shot composition techniques is the rule of
thirds. This rule divides the frame into a grid of nine squares. If you have
an iPhone, in your settings you can turn on a grid that puts an overlay on
top of your phone screen. This is a great way to play with this technique.

3.Camera Movement
Another film technique that can be used to elicit emotion or bring focus to
a part of the visual story. A film can be shot on a tripod and be quiet and still,
but there are other dynamic techniques to play with. The most popular camera
moves are the zoom, the push-in, the pan, and the tilt.

4.Editing
When making edits, choose your cuts based on performance and
avoid cutting too often. For emotional moments, you will likely be in a
close-up and you want to consider what is more important – the person
talking or the person listening.

5.Sound
The most popular film sound techniques are sound effects and
music score, however, there are a couple of “less cool” techniques that
beginners should adopt to produce great sounds.

ACTIVITY
 Direction: Each of your group will create a short film depicting the
good and bad things that this pandemic has brought to us. Your monologue
should be at minimum of (5) five minutes long and should not exceed to (10)
ten minutes long. You may use your mobile phone, ring light and other
available materials found at your respective homes. Theme and title of your
monologue is based on your preferred choice. Refer to the rubrics for the
evaluation of your works.
Precaution: Strictly obey the health and safety protocols. No shooting
outside your house(s).

FILMMAKING TECHNIQUES
RUBRICS ASSESSMENT
Criteria/Rating 4 3 2 1
Excellent Very Satisfactory Satisfactory Needs
Improvement
Content / The artwork The artwork The artwork The artwork
Composition contains the contains the contains the shows
excellent stories good stories acceptable undefined
based on the based on the stories based on story and
chosen theme. chosen theme. the chosen lacks
theme. substance.
Impact Highly effective Moderately Somewhat Not effective
and expressive effective and effective and and expressive
artwork that expressive expressive artwork and
reinforce impact artwork that artwork that has no impact
to the viewers. reinforce impact reinforce little to the viewers.
to the viewers. impact to the
viewers.
The Product Clear evidence of Some evidence of Little evidence of No evidence of
correctness and correctness and correctness and correctness,
originality to the originality to the originality to the originality to
media artwork as media artwork as media artwork as the output
the final product the final product the final product

Media Excellent use of Good use of Average use of There is a little

Language artistic skills and artistic skills and artistic skills and use of artistic
techniques. It techniques. It techniques. It skills with
uses vivid media uses vivid media Uses media unclear
images and rich images and rich images and imagery and
imaginative imaginative average media
language. language. imaginative language.
language.

Points _________ Points________ Points__________ Points_______

Total: _______
 WRAP-UP

If there is one thing I am so proud to share to others about Philippine

cinema, it would be
____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

VALUING

Give five (5) ways to show your appreciation to our Philippine Cinema
1.________________________________________________________________________________
2.________________________________________________________________________________
3.________________________________________________________________________________
4.________________________________________________________________________________
5.________________________________________________________________________________

POSTTEST

Direction: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the best answer and
write it on the blank provided before the number.
______ 1. The first locally produced film with sound
A. Ang Aswang C. Dalagang Filipina

B. Ang Babae sa septic tank D. Himala

______ 2. Responsible to manage day-to-day filming process, artistic changes in

script, and controlling actors on set.
 A. director C. editor

B. art director D. videographer

______ 3. Manages creation of production sets, and the look of the entire movie,
together with Production Designer.

A. producer C. director

B. art director D. videographer

______ 4. Lighting plays a big role in the look and feel of a film. When it comes to
basic lighting techniques, three-point lighting is the best place to start to
begin to understand how to light a subject.

A. Camera movement C. Camera Lightning

B. Editing D. Shot Composition

______ 5. A film can be shot on a tripod and be quiet and still, but there are other
dynamic techniques to play with. The most popular camera moves are the
zoom, the push-in, the pan, and the tilt.
A. Camera movement C. Camera Lightning

B. Editing D. Shot Composition

KEY TO CORRECTION
Pre-Test
1. A. film
2. C. cinema
3. D. La Vida de Rizal
4. C. Jose Nepomuceno
5. A. cinematografo
Post-Test
1. A. Ang Aswang
2. A. director
3. B. art director
4. C. Camera lightning
5. A. Camera Movement
 REFERENCES
“Film techniques and beginner film makers” Eva Contis, April 15, 2020.
https://www.careersinfilm.com/film-techniques
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film , 10 January 2021, at 20:33 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike
License

“The History of Philippine Cinema” – Reel Rundown - Entertainment

“History of Film and Cinema” Jim Dorsch https://reelrundown.com/film-
industry/filipino- from Alexandria, VA on January 23, 2014:
http://www.historyoffilm.net/film-making/movie-creation/