Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14)

Codes
and Particulars Remarks
Sections
1 Material Properties
Concrete
Compressive strength, fc'= 30 Mpa
Elastic Modulus, Ec= 27386.13 Mpa

Reinforcements
Yield strength, fy= 415 Mpa
Elastic modulus, E= 200000 Mpa

Yield strength of stirrups, fys= 250 Mpa

2 Dimensions of Beam and Acting Loads

Length of Beam, L= 8000 mm
Width of Beam section, bw= 200 mm
Total depth of Beam section, D= 500 mm
Cover of beam section, d'= 40 mm
Effective depth of beam section, d= 460 mm
I= 2083333333
Gross sectional area of beam section, Ag= 100000 mm2 Ag=bwD
Effective sectional area of beam section, Ae= 92000 mm2 Ae=bw.d

3 Ultimate loads and Moments

Load combination considered: Envelope (ACI-318-14)
Pult 132 kN
Mult 264 kN-m

4 Flexural design of RC beam

The flexural design of the RC beam seciton is based on above stress and strain
distribution diagram.
 Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14)
Section 1. Calculation of minimum reinforcement area:
ACI The minimum tensile reinforcement must be greater of (a) and (b)
318-14
9.6.1.2 (a) ƍmin = 0.25*Sqrt. (fc')/fy
303.56 mm2
(b) ƍmin = 1.4/fy*bwd
310.3614458 mm2

As, min = 310.36 mm2

Now,
Փ = 0.9
β1 = 0.8
Then,
a= d-Sqrt.(d -(2|Mu|/0.85fc'Փbw))
2
207.0588 211392.9 459.8
= 0.23 mm
From strain diagram єcmax= 0.003
cmax= [єcmax/(єcmax+єsmin)]*d єsmin= 0.005
= 172.5 mm d= 460
amax= β1cmax
= 138 mm
Now, if a<=amax., the tensile reinforcement is suffient. However, if a>a max,
compression reinforcement is also necessary.
In above case,
a<=a.max
Therefore,
Only tensile reinforcement is sufficient.

2. Calculation of compression rienforcement (a>a max):

The compressive force developed in CONCRETE alone is: fc'= 30

C= 0.85fc'bwamax bw= 200
703800 N amax= 138
The moment resisted by Concrete and Tensile steel: Փ= 0.9
Muc= ՓC(d-0.5amax) d= 460
247.67 kN-m
Therefore, moment to be resisted by compression steel and tensile steel:
Mus= Mu-Muc Mu= 264
16.33 kN-m
So, required compression reinforcement is given by:

fs'= E є
cmax
.[(cmax-d')/cmax]
460.9 Mpa
Adopt,
fs'= 415 Mpa
And, Required compression
As'= Mus/[(fs'-0.85fc')(d-d')Փ] steel:
Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14)
110.93 mm2 As'= 110.933 mm2
 Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14)
ƍs'= 0.00121
3. Calculation of tensile rienforcement:
Tensile reinforcements for balancing the compression in concrete:
As1= Muc/[fy.(d-0.5amax)]Փ
1695.90361445783 mm2
Tensile reinforcements for balancing the compression in steel:
As2= Mus/[fy.(d-d')Փ]
104.12 mm2
Therefore, total tensile reinforcement: Required Tension
As= As1+As2 Steel:
1800.02 mm2 As= 1800.0 mm2
As, min= 310.36 mm2 ƍs= 0.01957

Section 4. Check for maximum allowable flexural reinforcement:

ACI To ensure that the designed tension steel is yielding and that the failure is not
318-14 brittle, the reinforcement ratio of the tension steel in doubly reinforced concrete
beam should not exceed 0.75ƍb
9.6.1.2
ƍmax ≤ 0.75[(0.85fc'β1/fy)+(0.003Es/(0.003Es+fy))+(ƍ'fs'/fy)]
= 0.4811
As, max. allow = 44263.18 mm2
As, provided = 1800.0 mm2
Okay

5 Check for Allowable Deflection

Deflection of Beam due to Point Load: P=

Δ1= Pa2b2/3EIL a=
E= 27386.13 b=
I= 1622266666.66667
Δ1= mm

Deflection of Beam due to UDL:

Δ2= 5wL4/384EI w=
0.385596680484 mm x=
L= 8000
Total Deflection:
Δ =
= mm

Δall = L/360
22.22 mm
Result: Deflection is Okay

6 Check for Shear Strength

 Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14)
Critcal section: d/2= 230 mm
Vu= 132 kN Vu= 132 kN
 Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14)

Shear strength of Concrete:

Vc = Փ*0.17*Sqrt.(fc').bw.d Փ= 0.7
= 59.96 kN ՓVc= 59.96 kN
Shear strength to be provided by stirrups:
Vs Vu-ՓVc
72.04 kN
Remarks:Shear reinforcement is required.
Therefore, provide shear reinforcement of:
2 legged DB 12 mm fys= 250 mPa
Spacing (s)= ՓAv.fysd/Vs.= 252.77 mm d= 460 mm
Thus provide spacing of: 150.00 mm

7 Reinforcement Summary:
Provided [mm2] Required
S.No. Type of Bar [mm2]
No. dia. Area Remarks: D/C
1 Flexure-comp. 3 16 603.19 110.93 Okay 5.437
2 Flexure-tension. 6 20 1884.96 1800.0 Okay 1.047
3 Shear 2 12 0.89 1.51 Okay 1.333

8 Summary:

no. dia (mm)

Tension Rebar, As: 6 20
Compression bar, As': 3 16
leg dia(mm) s(mm)
Shear bar, Avs: 2 12 150.00

Cover of beam section, d'= 40 mm

Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14)
 Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14): B3A
Codes
and Particulars Remarks
Sections
1 Material Properties
Concrete
Compressive strength, fc'= 32 Mpa
Elastic Modulus, Ec= 28284.27 Mpa

Reinforcements
Yield strength, fy= 400 Mpa
Elastic modulus, E= 200000 Mpa

Yield strength of stirrups, fys= 250 Mpa

2 Dimensions of Beam and Acting Loads

Length of Beam, L= 8000 mm
Width of Beam section, bw= 500 mm
Total depth of Beam section, D= 750 mm
Cover of beam section, d'= 40 mm
Effective depth of beam section, d= 710 mm
I= 5208333333
Gross sectional area of beam section, Ag= 375000 mm2 Ag=bwD
Effective sectional area of beam section, Ae= 355000 mm2 Ae=bw.d

3 Ultimate loads and Moments

Load combination considered: Envelope (ACI-318-14)
Pult 250.86 kN
Mult 348.71 kN-m

4 Flexural design of RC beam

The flexural design of the RC beam seciton is based on above stress and strain
distribution diagram.
 Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14): B3A
Section 1. Calculation of minimum reinforcement area:
ACI The minimum tensile reinforcement must be greater of (a) and (b)
318-14
9.6.1.2 (a) ƍmin = 0.25*Sqrt. (fc')/fy
1255.11 mm2
(b) ƍmin = 1.4/fy*bwd
1242.5 mm2

As, min = 1255.11 mm2

Now,
Փ = 0.9
β1 = 0.8
Then,
a= d-Sqrt.(d -(2|Mu|/0.85fc'Փbw))
2
56978.76 447121.2 668.7
= 41.33 mm
From strain diagram єcmax= 0.003
cmax= [єcmax/(єcmax+єsmin)]*d єsmin= 0.005
= 266.25 mm d= 710
amax= β1cmax
= 213 mm
Now, if a<=amax., the tensile reinforcement is suffient. However, if a>a max,
compression reinforcement is also necessary.
In above case,
a<=a.max
Therefore,
Only tensile reinforcement is sufficient.
 Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14): B3A

3. Calculation of tensile rienforcement:

Tensile reinforcements for balancing the compression in concrete:
As1= Mu/[fy.(d-0.5amax)]Փ
1405.1774681315 mm2 Required Tension
Steel:
As= 1405.2 mm2
ƍs= 0.00396

Section 4. Check for maximum allowable flexural reinforcement:

ACI To ensure that the designed tension steel is yielding and that the failure is not
318-14 brittle, the reinforcement ratio of the tension steel in doubly reinforced concrete
beam should not exceed 0.75ƍb
9.6.1.2
ƍmax ≤ 0.75[(0.85fc'β1/fy)+(0.003Es/(0.003Es+fy))+(ƍ'fs'/fy)]
= 0.4908
As, max. allow = 174234.00 mm2
As, provided = 1405.2 mm2
Okay
 Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14): B3A
6 Check for Shear Strength

Critcal section: d/2= 355 mm

Vu= 250.86 kN Vu= 250.86 kN

Shear strength of Concrete:

Vc = Փ*0.17*Sqrt.(fc').bw.d Փ= 0.7
= 238.97 kN ՓVc= 238.97 kN
Shear strength to be provided by stirrups:
Vs Vu-ՓVc
11.89 kN
Remarks:Shear reinforcement is required.

Av,req. = 42.45 mm2

Therefore, provide shear reinforcement of:
2 legged DB 12 mm fys= 400 mPa
Spacing (s)= ՓAv.fysd/Vs.= 350.00 mm d= 710 mm
Thus provide spacing of: 150.00 mm

7 Reinforcement Summary:
Provided [mm2] Required
S.No. Type of Bar [mm2]
No. dia. Area Remarks: D/C
1 Flexure-comp. 4 20 1256.64 150.00 Okay 8.378
2 Flexure-tension. 8 20 2513.27 1405.2 Okay 1.789

8 Summary:

no. dia (mm)

Tension Rebar, As: 8 20
Compression bar, As': 4 20
leg dia(mm) s(mm)
Shear bar, Avs: 2 12 150.00

Cover of beam section, d'= 40 mm

Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14): B3A
 Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14)
Codes
and Particulars Remarks
Sections
1 Material Properties
Concrete
Compressive strength, fc'= 32 Mpa
Elastic Modulus, Ec= 28284.27 Mpa

Reinforcements
Yield strength, fy= 400 Mpa
Elastic modulus, E= 200000 Mpa

Yield strength of stirrups, fys= 250 Mpa

2 Dimensions of Beam and Acting Loads

Length of Beam, L= 8000 mm
Width of Beam section, bw= 500 mm
Total depth of Beam section, D= 220 mm
Cover of beam section, d'= 20 mm
Effective depth of beam section, d= 200 mm
I= 5208333333
Gross sectional area of beam section, Ag= 110000 mm2 Ag=bwD
Effective sectional area of beam section, Ae= 100000 mm2 Ae=bw.d

3 Ultimate loads and Moments

Load combination considered: Envelope (ACI-318-14)
Pult 82.2 kN
Mult 164.4 kN-m

4 Flexural design of RC beam

The flexural design of the RC beam seciton is based on above stress and strain
distribution diagram.
 Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14)
Section 1. Calculation of minimum reinforcement area:
ACI The minimum tensile reinforcement must be greater of (a) and (b)
318-14
9.6.1.2 (a) ƍmin = 0.25*Sqrt. (fc')/fy
353.55 mm2
(b) ƍmin = 1.4/fy*bwd
350 mm2

As, min = 353.55 mm2

Now,
Փ = 0.9
β1 = 0.8
Then,
a= d-Sqrt.(d -(2|Mu|/0.85fc'Փbw))
2
26862.75 13137.25 114.6
= 85.38 mm
From strain diagram єcmax= 0.003
cmax= [єcmax/(єcmax+єsmin)]*d єsmin= 0.005
= 75 mm d= 200
amax= β1cmax
= 60 mm
Now, if a<=amax., the tensile reinforcement is suffient. However, if a>a max,
compression reinforcement is also necessary.
In above case,
a>a.max
Therefore,
Additional compression reinforcement is also required.
 Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14)

3. Calculation of tensile rienforcement:

Tensile reinforcements for balancing the compression in concrete:
As1= Mu/[fy.(d-0.5amax)]Փ
2902.9926011532 mm2 Required Tension
Steel:
As= 2903.0 mm2
ƍs= 0.02903

Section 4. Check for maximum allowable flexural reinforcement:

ACI To ensure that the designed tension steel is yielding and that the failure is not
318-14 brittle, the reinforcement ratio of the tension steel in doubly reinforced concrete
beam should not exceed 0.75ƍb
9.6.1.2
ƍmax ≤ 0.75[(0.85fc'β1/fy)+(0.003Es/(0.003Es+fy))+(ƍ'fs'/fy)]
= 0.4908
As, max. allow = 49080.00 mm2
As, provided = 2903.0 mm2
Okay
 Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14)
6 Check for Shear Strength

Critcal section: d/2= 100 mm

Vu= 82.2 kN Vu= 82.2 kN

Shear strength of Concrete:

Vc = Փ*0.17*Sqrt.(fc').bw.d Փ= 0.7
= 67.32 kN ՓVc= 67.32 kN
Shear strength to be provided by stirrups:
Vs Vu-ՓVc
14.88 kN
Remarks:Shear reinforcement is required.

Av,req. = 53.16 mm2

Therefore, provide shear reinforcement of:
2 legged DB 12 mm fys= 400 mPa
Spacing (s)= ՓAv.fysd/Vs.= 25.86 mm d= 200 mm
Thus provide spacing of: 150.00 mm

7 Reinforcement Summary:
Provided [mm2] Required
S.No. Type of Bar [mm2]
No. dia. Area Remarks: D/C
1 Flexure-comp. 3 20 942.48 150.00 Okay 6.283
2 Flexure-tension. 4 20 1256.64 2903.0 Not Okay 0.433

8 Summary:

no. dia (mm)

Tension Rebar, As: 4 20
Compression bar, As': 3 20
leg dia(mm) s(mm)
Shear bar, Avs: 2 12 150.00

Cover of beam section, d'= 20 mm

Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14)
 Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14):B32
Codes
and Particulars Remarks
Sections
1 Material Properties
Concrete
Compressive strength, fc'= 32 Mpa
Elastic Modulus, Ec= 28284.27 Mpa

Reinforcements
Yield strength, fy= 400 Mpa
Elastic modulus, E= 200000 Mpa

Yield strength of stirrups, fys= 400 Mpa

2 Dimensions of Beam and Acting Loads

Length of Beam, L= 8000 mm
Width of Beam section, bw= 500 mm
Total depth of Beam section, D= 220 mm
Cover of beam section, d'= 20 mm
Effective depth of beam section, d= 200 mm
I= 5208333333
Gross sectional area of beam section, Ag= 110000 mm2 Ag=bwD
Effective sectional area of beam section, Ae= 100000 mm2 Ae=bw.d

3 Ultimate loads and Moments

Load combination considered: Envelope (ACI-318-14)
Pult 82.2 kN
Mult 164.4 kN-m

4 Flexural design of RC beam

The flexural design of the RC beam seciton is based on above stress and strain
distribution diagram.
 Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14):B32
Section 1. Calculation of minimum reinforcement area:
ACI The minimum tensile reinforcement must be greater of (a) and (b)
318-14
9.6.1.2 (a) ƍmin = 0.25*Sqrt. (fc')/fy
353.55 mm2
(b) ƍmin = 1.4/fy*bwd
350 mm2

As, min = 353.55 mm2

Now,
Փ = 0.9
β1 = 0.8
Then,
a= d-Sqrt.(d -(2|Mu|/0.85fc'Փbw))
2
26862.75 13137.25 114.6
= 85.38 mm
From strain diagram єcmax= 0.003
cmax= [єcmax/(єcmax+єsmin)]*d єsmin= 0.005
= 75 mm d= 200
amax= β1cmax
= 60 mm
Now, if a<=amax., the tensile reinforcement is suffient. However, if a>a max,
compression reinforcement is also necessary.
In above case,
a>a.max
Therefore,
Additional compression reinforcement is also required.

2. Calculation of compression rienforcement (a>a max):

The compressive force developed in CONCRETE alone is: fc'= 32

C= 0.85fc'bwamax bw= 500
816000 N amax= 60
The moment resisted by Concrete and Tensile steel: Փ= 0.9
Muc= ՓC(d-0.5amax) d= 200
124.85 kN-m
Therefore, moment to be resisted by compression steel and tensile steel:
Mus= Mu-Muc Mu= 164.4
39.55 kN-m
So, required compression reinforcement is given by:

fs'= E є
cmax
.[(cmax-d')/cmax]
440.0 Mpa
Adopt,
fs'= 400 Mpa
And, Required compression
As'= Mus/[(fs'-0.85fc')(d-d')Փ] steel:
Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14):B32
654.90 mm2 As'= 654.904 mm2
 Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14):B32
ƍs'= 0.00655
3. Calculation of tensile rienforcement:
Tensile reinforcements for balancing the compression in concrete:
As1= Muc/[fy.(d-0.5amax)]Փ
2040 mm2
Tensile reinforcements for balancing the compression in steel:
As2= Mus/[fy.(d-d')Փ]
610.37 mm2
Therefore, total tensile reinforcement: Required Tension
As= As1+As2 Steel:
2650.37 mm2 As= 2650.4 mm2
As, min= 353.55 mm2 ƍs= 0.0265

Section 4. Check for maximum allowable flexural reinforcement:

ACI To ensure that the designed tension steel is yielding and that the failure is not
318-14 brittle, the reinforcement ratio of the tension steel in doubly reinforced concrete
beam should not exceed 0.75ƍb
9.6.1.2
ƍmax ≤ 0.75[(0.85fc'β1/fy)+(0.003Es/(0.003Es+fy))+(ƍ'fs'/fy)]
= 0.4957
As, max. allow = 49571.18 mm2
As, provided = 2650.4 mm2
Okay

5 Check for Shear Strength

Critcal section: d/2= 100 mm

Vu= 82.2 kN Vu= 82.2 kN
 Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14):B32

Shear strength of Concrete:

Vc = Փ*0.17*Sqrt.(fc').bw.d Փ= 0.7
= 67.32 kN ՓVc= 67.32 kN
Shear strength to be provided by stirrups:
Vs Vu-ՓVc
14.88 kN
Remarks:Shear reinforcement is required.

Av,req. = 53.16 mm2

Therefore, provide shear reinforcement of:
2 legged DB 12 mm fys= 400 mPa
Spacing (s)= ՓAv.fysd/Vs.= 110.00 mm d= 200 mm
Thus provide spacing of: 100.00 mm

6 Reinforcement Summary:
Provided [mm2] Required
S.No. Type of Bar [mm2]
No. dia. Area Remarks: D/C
1 Flexure-comp. 4 16 804.25 654.90 Okay 1.228
2 Flexure-tension. 10 20 3141.59 2650.4 Okay 1.185

7 Summary:

no. dia (mm)

Tension Rebar, As: 10 20
Compression bar, As': 4 16
leg dia(mm) s(mm)
Shear bar, Avs: 2 12 100.00

Cover of beam section, d'= 20 mm

Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14):B32
 Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14): BW
Codes
and Particulars Remarks
Sections
1 Material Properties
Concrete
Compressive strength, fc'= 32 Mpa
Elastic Modulus, Ec= 28284.27 Mpa

Reinforcements
Yield strength, fy= 400 Mpa
Elastic modulus, E= 200000 Mpa

Yield strength of stirrups, fys= 250 Mpa

2 Dimensions of Beam and Acting Loads

Length of Beam, L= 13000 mm
Width of Beam section, bw= 200 mm
Total depth of Beam section, D= 2000 mm
Cover of beam section, d'= 100 mm
Effective depth of beam section, d= 1900 mm
I= 2083333333
Gross sectional area of beam section, Ag= 400000 mm2 Ag=bwD
Effective sectional area of beam section, Ae= 380000 mm2 Ae=bw.d

3 Ultimate loads and Moments

Load combination considered: Envelope (ACI-318-14)
Pult 401.37 kN
Mult 1304.55 kN-m

4 Flexural design of RC beam

The flexural design of the RC beam seciton is based on above stress and strain
distribution diagram.
 Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14): BW
Section 1. Calculation of minimum reinforcement area:
ACI The minimum tensile reinforcement must be greater of (a) and (b)
318-14
9.6.1.2 (a) ƍmin = 0.25*Sqrt. (fc')/fy
1343.50 mm2
(b) ƍmin = 1.4/fy*bwd
1330 mm2

As, min = 1343.50 mm2

Now,
Փ = 0.9
β1 = 0.8
Then,
a= d-Sqrt.(d -(2|Mu|/0.85fc'Փbw))
2
532904.4 3077096 1754
= 145.83 mm
From strain diagram єcmax= 0.003
cmax= [єcmax/(єcmax+єsmin)]*d єsmin= 0.005
= 712.5 mm d= 1900
amax= β1cmax
= 570 mm
Now, if a<=amax., the tensile reinforcement is suffient. However, if a>a max,
compression reinforcement is also necessary.
In above case,
a<=a.max
Therefore,
Only tensile reinforcement is sufficient.
 Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14): BW

3. Calculation of tensile rienforcement:

Tensile reinforcements for balancing the compression in concrete:
As1= Mu/[fy.(d-0.5amax)]Փ
1983.35312748248 mm2 Required Tension
Steel:
As= 1983.4 mm2
ƍs= 0.00522

Section 4. Check for maximum allowable flexural reinforcement:

ACI To ensure that the designed tension steel is yielding and that the failure is not
318-14 brittle, the reinforcement ratio of the tension steel in doubly reinforced concrete
beam should not exceed 0.75ƍb
9.6.1.2
ƍmax ≤ 0.75[(0.85fc'β1/fy)+(0.003Es/(0.003Es+fy))+(ƍ'fs'/fy)]
= 0.4908
As, max. allow = 186504.00 mm2
As, provided = 1983.4 mm2
Okay
 Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14): BW
6 Check for Shear Strength

Critcal section: d/2= 950 mm

Vu= 401.37 kN Vu= 401.37 kN

Shear strength of Concrete:

Vc = Փ*0.17*Sqrt.(fc').bw.d Փ= 0.7
= 255.80 kN ՓVc= 255.80 kN
Shear strength to be provided by stirrups:
Vs Vu-ՓVc
145.57 kN
Remarks:Shear reinforcement is required.

Av,req. = 519.88 mm2

Therefore, provide shear reinforcement of:
2 legged DB 12 mm fys= 400 mPa
Spacing (s)= ՓAv.fysd/Vs.= 2299.55 mm d= 1900 mm
Thus provide spacing of: 150.00 mm

7 Reinforcement Summary:
Provided [mm2] Required
S.No. Type of Bar [mm2]
No. dia. Area Remarks: D/C
1 Flexure-comp. 6 20 1884.96 1487.51 Okay 1.267
2 Flexure-tension. 8 20 2513.27 1983.4 Okay 1.267

8 Summary:

no. dia (mm)

Tension Rebar, As: 8 20
Compression bar, As': 6 20
leg dia(mm) s(mm)
Shear bar, Avs: 2 12 150.00

Cover of beam section, d'= 100 mm

Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14): BW
 Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14): B21
Codes
and Particulars Remarks
Sections
1 Material Properties
Concrete
Compressive strength, fc'= 32 Mpa
Elastic Modulus, Ec= 28284.27 Mpa

Reinforcements
Yield strength, fy= 400 Mpa
Elastic modulus, E= 200000 Mpa

Yield strength of stirrups, fys= 250 Mpa

2 Dimensions of Beam and Acting Loads

Length of Beam, L= 9230 mm
Width of Beam section, bw= 500 mm
Total depth of Beam section, D= 500 mm
Cover of beam section, d'= 40 mm
Effective depth of beam section, d= 460 mm
I= 5208333333
Gross sectional area of beam section, Ag= 250000 mm2 Ag=bwD
Effective sectional area of beam section, Ae= 230000 mm 2
Ae=bw.d

3 Calculation of Loads and Moments

1. Dead Load of Slab (Self-weight)

Length of tributary area, L= 9.23 m Concrete unit wt
Width of tributary area, B= 4.00 m = 25 kN/m3
Thickness of Slab, Dslab= 0.28 m
Dead Load of Slab, WDL,slab= 258.44 kN
(Not Considered for flexure)
2. Dead Load of Beam (Self-weight)
Length of beam, L= 9.23 m
Width of beam, B= 0.50 m
 Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14): B21
Codes
and Particulars Remarks
Sections
Thickness of beam, Dbeam= 0.5 m
Dead Load of Beam, WDL,beam= 57.6875 kN

3. Self imposed Dead Load in tributary area (SDL)

Length of tributary area, L= 9.23 m
Width of tributary area, B= 4.00 m
Self imposed load intensity, wsdl= 1.5 kN/m2
Total Self imposed load, WSDL= 55.38 kN
(Not Considered for flexure)
4. Live Load in tributary area (LL)
Length of tributary area, L= 9.23 m
Width of tributary area, B= 4.00 m
Live load intensity, wLL= 20 kN/m2
Total Live load, WLL= 738.40 kN
(Not Considered for flexure)
Total Dead Load, WDL=(1)+(2)+(3)= 371.51 kN
Total Live Load, WLL= (4)= 738.40 kN 554.95

3 Ultimate loads and Moments

Dead Load per unit length in beam, wdl= 40.25 kN/m

Live Load per unit length in beam, wll= 80.00 kN/m

Load combination considered: (1.2wdl+1.6wll)

Ultimate load in beam, wu= 176.30 kN/m (shear)
Ultimate load in beam, wu= 8.75 kN/m (flexure)
Notes:
Vmax=wL/2 1. For Bangkok Clay, Ka=1, γ=1.5t/m3
(Nipon & Vichan, 2003)
2. wu,h=Psoil.bw ; bw = width of culvert
Mmax=wL2/8 (assume, 1000 mm)
3. Psoil=1/2Kaγh
wu

Psoil=1/2Kaγh Mmax=wL2/9√3 Vmax= wL/3

Figure: Analytical Beam
*Note: Negative moment is considered as wL2/12 for design at the supports

Design shear force and bending moments are:

 Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14): B21
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Ultimate Shear Force (Vu)= 813.62 kN
Ultimate Positive Moment, M+ve= 93.18 kN-m
Ultimate Negative Moment, M-ve= 62.12 kN-m
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4 Flexural design of RC beam

The flexural design of the RC beam seciton is based on above stress and strain
distribution diagram.

Section 1. Calculation of minimum reinforcement area:

ACI The minimum tensile reinforcement must be greater of (a) and (b)
318-14
9.6.1.2 (a) ƍmin = 0.25*Sqrt. (fc')/fy 0.00354
813.17 mm2
(b) ƍmin = 1.4/fy*bwd 0.00350
805 mm2

As, min = 813.17 mm2

Now,
Փ = 0.9
β1 = 0.8
Then,
a= d-Sqrt.(d -(2|Mu|/0.85fc'Փbw))
2
15225.45 196374.6 443.1
= 16.86 mm
From strain diagram єcmax= 0.003
cmax= [єcmax/(єcmax+єsmin)]*d єsmin= 0.005
= 172.5 mm d= 460
amax= β1cmax
= 138 mm
Now, if a<=amax., the tensile reinforcement is suffient. However, if a>a max,
compression reinforcement is also necessary.
In above case,
 Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14): B21
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a<=a.max
Therefore,
Only tensile reinforcement is sufficient.

3. Calculation of tensile rienforcement:

Tensile reinforcements for balancing the compression in concrete:
As1= Mu/[fy.(d-0.5amax)]Փ
573.18 mm2 Required Tension
And, Negative reinforcement Steel:

As'= 382.12 mm2 As= 813.2 mm2

ƍ s= 0.00354

Section 4. Check for maximum allowable flexural reinforcement:

ACI To ensure that the designed tension steel is yielding and that the failure is not
318-14 brittle, the reinforcement ratio of the tension steel in doubly reinforced concrete
beam should not exceed 0.75ƍb
9.6.1.2
ƍmax ≤ 0.75[(0.85fc'β1/fy)+(0.003Es/(0.003Es+fy))+(ƍ'fs'/fy)]
= 0.4908
As, max. allow = 112884.00 mm2
As, provided = 813.2 mm2
Okay
5 Check for Deflection

For determination of deflection:

Length, L= 9.23 m 9230 mm
width, b= 0.50 m 500 mm
Depth, D= 0.50 m 500 mm

Modulus of Elasticity, E= 5000Sqrt(Fc'(Mpa)=

28284.27 N/mm2
Moment of Inertia, Ig= 5208333333 mm4 wu= 8.75 kN/m

Deflection, ∆= 5wuL4/384EI= 5.61 mm

Allowable deflection, ∆al= L/360= 25.6 mm

Ok

6 Check for Shear Strength

Critcal section: d/2= 230 mm

Vu= 813.62 kN Vu= 813.62 kN
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Shear strength of Concrete:

Vc = Փ*0.17*Sqrt.(fc').bw.d Փ= 0.65
= 143.77 kN ՓVc= 143.77 kN
Shear strength to be provided by stirrups:
Vs Vu-ՓVc
669.86 kN
Shear reinforcement is required.

Av,req. = 2232.85 mm2

Therefore, provide shear reinforcement of:
4 legged DB 12 mm fys= 400 mPa
Spacing (s)= ՓAv.fysd/Vs.= 101.25 mm d= 460 mm
Thus provide spacing of: 75.00 mm

7 Reinforcement Summary:
Provided [mm2] Required
S.No. Type of Bar [mm2]
No. dia. Area Remarks: D/C
1 Flexure-comp. 3 16 602.88 382.12 Okay 1.578
2 Flexure-tension. 4 20 1256.64 813.2 Okay 1.545

8 Summary:

no. dia (mm)

Tension Rebar, As: 4 20
Compression bar, As': 3 16
leg dia(mm) s(mm)
Shear bar, Avs: 4 12 75.00

Cover of beam section, d'= 40 mm

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 Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14): B2-4
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1 Material Properties
Concrete
Compressive strength, fc'= 32 Mpa
Elastic Modulus, Ec= 28284.27 Mpa

Reinforcements
Yield strength, fy= 400 Mpa
Elastic modulus, E= 200000 Mpa

Yield strength of stirrups, fys= 250 Mpa

2 Dimensions of Beam and Acting Loads

Length of Beam, L= 8000 mm
Width of Beam section, bw= 200 mm
Total depth of Beam section, D= 600 mm
Cover of beam section, d'= 40 mm
Effective depth of beam section, d= 560 mm
I= 3600000000
Gross sectional area of beam section, Ag= 120000 mm2 Ag=bwD
Effective sectional area of beam section, Ae= 112000 mm 2
Ae=bw.d

3 Calculation of Loads and Moments

1. Dead Load of Slab (Self-weight)

Length of tributary area, L= 5.4 m Concrete unit wt
Width of tributary area, B= 4.40 m = 25 kN/m3
Thickness of Slab, Dslab= 0.22 m
Dead Load of Slab, WDL,slab= 130.68 kN

2. Dead Load of Beam (Self-weight) 166.32

Length of beam, L= 8 m
Width of beam, B= 0.20 m
Thickness of beam, Dbeam= 0.6 m
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Dead Load of Beam, WDL,beam= 24 kN

3. Dead Load of Wall (Self-weight)

Length of wall, L= 8m
Width of wall, B= 0.13 m
Thickness of wall, Dbeam= 3.7 m
Dead Load of Wall, WDL,beam= 92.5 kN

4. Self imposed Dead Load in tributary area (SDL)

Length of tributary area, L= 5.4 m
Width of tributary area, B= 4.40 m
Self imposed load intensity, wsdl= 1.5 kN/m2
Total Self imposed load, WSDL= 35.64 kN

5. Live Load in tributary area (LL)

Length of tributary area, L= 5.4 m
Width of tributary area, B= 4.40 m
Live load intensity, wLL= 3 kN/m2
Total Live load, WLL= 71.28 kN

Total Dead Load, WDL=(1)+(2)+(3)+(4)= 282.82 kN

Total Live Load, WLL= (5)= 71.28 kN

3 Ultimate loads and Moments

Dead Load per unit length in beam, wdl= 35.35 kN/m

Live Load per unit length in beam, wll= 8.91 kN/m

Load combination considered: (1.2wdl+1.6wll)

Ultimate load in beam, wu= 56.68 kN/m

wu
Simply
Supported

M-ve=wuL2/12

BMD

M+ve=wuL2/8

Vu=wuL/2

SFD
 Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14): B2-4
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Figure: Analytical Beam
*Note: Negative moment is considered as wL2/12 for design at the supports
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Design shear force and bending moments are:

Ultimate Shear Force (Vu)= 226.72 kN
Ultimate Positive Moment, M+ve= 453.43 kN-m
Ultimate Negative Moment, M-ve= 302.29 kN-m

4 Flexural design of RC beam

The flexural design of the RC beam seciton is based on above stress and strain
distribution diagram.

Section 1. Calculation of minimum reinforcement area:

ACI The minimum tensile reinforcement must be greater of (a) and (b)
318-14
9.6.1.2 (a) ƍmin = 0.25*Sqrt. (fc')/fy 0.00354
395.98 mm2
(b) ƍmin = 1.4/fy*bwd 0.00350
392 mm2

As, min = 395.98 mm2

Now,
Փ = 0.9
β1 = 0.8
Then,
a= d-Sqrt.(d -(2|Mu|/0.85fc'Փbw))
2
185225.5 128374.5 358.3
= 201.71 mm
From strain diagram єcmax= 0.003
cmax= [єcmax/(єcmax+єsmin)]*d єsmin= 0.005
= 210 mm d= 560
amax= β1cmax
 Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14): B2-4
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= 168 mm
Now, if a<=amax., the tensile reinforcement is suffient. However, if a>a max,
compression reinforcement is also necessary.
In above case,
a>a.max
Therefore,
Additional compression reinforcement is also required.

2. Calculation of compression rienforcement (a>a max):

The compressive force developed in CONCRETE alone is: fc'= 32 N/mm2

C= 0.85fc'bwamax bw= 200 mm
913920 N amax= 168 mm
The moment resisted by Concrete and Tensile steel: Փ= 0.9
Muc= ՓC(d-0.5amax) d= 560 mm
391.52 kN-m
Therefore, moment to be resisted by compression steel and tensile steel:
Mus= Mu-Muc Mu= 453.43 kN-m
61.91 kN-m E=
So, required compression reinforcement is given by: 200000 mpa

fs'= E є cmax
.[(cmax-d')/cmax] єcmax 0.003
485.7 Mpa cmax= 210
Adopt, d'= 40
fs'= 400 Mpa
And, Required compression
As'= Mus/[(fs'-0.85fc')(d-d')Փ] steel:
329.49 mm2 As'= 329.492 mm2
ƍs'= 0.00294
3. Calculation of tensile rienforcement: fy= 400
Tensile reinforcements for balancing the compression in concrete: amx= 168
As1= Muc/[fy.(d-0.5amax)]Փ Փ= 0.9
2284.8 mm2 d= 560
Tensile reinforcements for balancing the compression in steel:
As2= Mus/[fy.(d-d')Փ]
330.71 mm2
Therefore, total tensile reinforcement: Required Tension
As= As1+As2 Steel:
2615.51 mm2 As= 2615.5 mm2
As, min= 395.98 mm2 ƍ s= 0.02335

4. Total Reinforcements
Tensile reinforcement
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As= As1+As2
2615.51 mm2 Required Tension
And, Negative reinforcement Steel:
As'= 329.49 mm2 As= 2615.5 mm2
ƍ s= 0.02335

Section 4. Check for maximum allowable flexural reinforcement:

ACI To ensure that the designed tension steel is yielding and that the failure is not
318-14 brittle, the reinforcement ratio of the tension steel in doubly reinforced concrete
beam should not exceed 0.75ƍb
9.6.1.2
ƍmax ≤ 0.75[(0.85fc'β1/fy)+(0.003Es/(0.003Es+fy))+(ƍ'fs'/fy)]
= 0.4908
As, max. allow = 54969.60 mm2
As, provided = 2615.5 mm2
Okay
5 Check for Deflection

For determination of deflection:

Length, L= 8.00 m 8000 mm
width, b= 0.20 m 200 mm
Depth, D= 0.60 m 600 mm

Modulus of Elasticity, E= 5000Sqrt(Fc'(Mpa)=

28284.27 N/mm2
Moment of Inertia, Ig= 3600000000 mm4 wu= 56.68 kN/m

Deflection, ∆= 5wuL4/384EI= 29.69 mm

Allowable deflection, ∆al= L/360= 22.2 mm

Not Good

6 Check for Shear Strength

Critcal section: d/2= 280 mm

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Vu= 226.72 kN Vu= 226.72 kN

Shear strength of Concrete:

Vc = Փ*0.17*Sqrt.(fc').bw.d Փ= 0.65
= 70.01 kN ՓVc= 70.01 kN
Shear strength to be provided by stirrups:
Vs Vu-ՓVc
156.71 kN
Shear reinforcement is required.

Av,req. = 522.36 mm2

Therefore, provide shear reinforcement of:
2 legged DB 12 mm fys= 400 mPa
Spacing (s)= ՓAv.fysd/Vs.= 259.69 mm d= 560 mm
Thus provide spacing of: 200.00 mm

7 Reinforcement Summary:
Provided [mm2] Required
S.No. Type of Bar [mm2]
No. dia. Area Remarks: D/C
1 Flexure-comp. 4 20 1256.00 329.49 Okay 3.812
0 16 0.00
2 Flexure-tension. 8 20 2513.27 2615.5 Okay 1.115
2 16 402.12

8 Summary:

no. dia (mm)

Tension Rebar, As: 8 20
0 16
Compression bar, As': 4 20
2 16
leg dia(mm) s(mm)
Shear bar, Avs: 2 12 200.00

Cover of beam section, d'= 40 mm

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 Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14): Culvert Top Slab
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1 Material Properties
Concrete
Compressive strength, fc'= 32 Mpa
Elastic Modulus, Ec= 28284.27 Mpa

Reinforcements
Yield strength, fy= 400 Mpa
Elastic modulus, E= 200000 Mpa

Yield strength of stirrups, fys= 200 Mpa

2 Dimensions of Beam and Acting Loads

Length of Beam, L= 2900 mm
Width of Beam section, bw= 1000 mm
Total depth of Beam section, D= 150 mm
Cover of beam section, d'= 20 mm
Effective depth of beam section, d= 130 mm
I= 10416666667
Gross sectional area of beam section, Ag= 150000 mm2 Ag=bwD
Effective sectional area of beam section, Ae= 130000 mm 2
Ae=bw.d

3 Calculation of Loads and Moments

1. Dead Load of Slab (Self-weight)

Length of tributary area, L= 2.9 m Concrete unit wt
Width of tributary area, B= 1.00 m = 25 kN/m3
Thickness of Slab, Dslab= 0.15 m
Dead Load of Slab, WDL,slab= 10.88 kN

2. Dead Load of Beam (Self-weight)

Length of beam, L= 0 m
Width of beam, B= 1.00 m
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Thickness of beam, Dbeam= 0.15 m

Dead Load of Beam, WDL,beam= 0 kN

3. Self imposed Dead Load in tributary area (SDL)

Length of tributary area, L= 2.9 m
Width of tributary area, B= 1.00 m
Self imposed load intensity, wsdl= 2 kN/m2
Total Self imposed load, WSDL= 5.80 kN

4. Live Load in tributary area (LL)

Length of tributary area, L= 2.9 m
Width of tributary area, B= 1.00 m
Live load intensity, wLL= 5 kN/m2
Total Live load, WLL= 14.50 kN

Total Dead Load, WDL=(1)+(2)+(3)= 16.68 kN

Total Live Load, WLL= (4)= 14.50 kN 15.59

3 Ultimate loads and Moments

Dead Load per unit length in beam, wdl= 5.75 kN/m

Live Load per unit length in beam, wll= 5.00 kN/m

Load combination considered: (1.2wdl+1.6wll)

Ultimate load in beam, wu= 14.90 kN/m

Notes:
Vmax=wL/2 1. For Bangkok Clay, Ka=1, γ=1.5t/m3
(Nipon & Vichan, 2003)
2. wu,h=Psoil.bw ; bw = width of culvert
Mmax=wL2/8 (assume, 1000 mm)
3. Psoil=1/2Kaγh
wu

Psoil=1/2Kaγh Mmax=wL2/9√3 Vmax= wL/3

Figure: Analytical Beam
*Note: Negative moment is considered as wL2/12 for design at the supports
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Source: Nipon & Vichan, 2003

Design shear force and bending moments are:

Ultimate Shear Force (Vu)= 21.61 kN
Ultimate Positive Moment, M+ve= 15.66 kN-m
Ultimate Negative Moment, M-ve= 10.44 kN-m

4 Flexural design of RC beam

The flexural design of the RC beam seciton is based on above stress and strain
distribution diagram.

Section 1. Calculation of minimum reinforcement area:

ACI The minimum tensile reinforcement must be greater of (a) and (b)
318-14
7.6.1.1 (a) ƍmin = 0.002*bh 1-way
260.00 mm2
(b) ƍmin = 0.002*bh 2-way
260 mm2

As, min = 260.00 mm2

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Now,
Փ = 0.9
β1 = 0.8
Then,
a= d-Sqrt.(d -(2|Mu|/0.85fc'Փbw))
2
1279.708 15620.29 125
= 5.02 mm
From strain diagram єcmax= 0.003
cmax= [єcmax/(єcmax+єsmin)]*d єsmin= 0.005
= 48.75 mm d= 130
amax= β1cmax
= 39 mm
Now, if a<=amax., the tensile reinforcement is suffient. However, if a>a max,
compression reinforcement is also necessary.
fc'= 32
In above case, bw= 1000
a<=a.max amax= 39
Therefore, Փ= 0.9
Only tensile reinforcement is sufficient. d= 130

3. Calculation of tensile rienforcement:

Tensile reinforcements for balancing the compression in concrete:
As1= Mu/[fy.(d-0.5amax)]Փ
341.28 mm2 Required Tension
And, Negative reinforcement Steel:
As'= 227.52 mm2 As= 341.3 mm2
ƍ s= 0.00228
ƍ s= 0.00152
Section 4. Check for maximum allowable flexural reinforcement:
ACI To ensure that the designed tension steel is yielding and that the failure is not
318-14 brittle, the reinforcement ratio of the tension steel in doubly reinforced concrete
beam should not exceed 0.75ƍb
9.6.1.2
ƍmax ≤ 0.75[(0.85fc'β1/fy)+(0.003Es/(0.003Es+fy))+(ƍ'fs'/fy)]
= 0.4908
As, max. allow = 63804.00 mm2
As, provided = 341.3 mm2
Okay
5 Check for Deflection

For determination of deflection:

Length, L= 2.90 m 2900 mm
width, b= 1.00 m 1000 mm
Depth, D= 0.15 m 150 mm
 Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14): Culvert Top Slab
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Modulus of Elasticity, E= 5000Sqrt(Fc'(Mpa)=

28284.27 N/mm2
Moment of Inertia, Ig= 10416666667 mm4 wu= 14.90 kN/m

Deflection, ∆= 5wuL4/384EI= 0.05 mm

Allowable deflection, ∆al= L/360= 8.1 mm

Ok

6 Reinforcement for distributed direction (shrinkage and temperature reinforcement)

ACI 318-14 Considered width of slab, bw= 1000 mm

Table 24.4.3.2 Depth of slab, d= 150.00 mm

Minimum Shrinkage and temperature rebar=

As,min= 0.002bd 300.00 mm2

If provided DB 12 mm
Spacing required= 376.80 mm

Check for maximum allowable spacing:

ACI 318-14
Table 24.3.2 Rebar type Max. spacing cc= 20 RC
lesser of: 15[40000/fs]-2.5cc= 3234.483 mm = 13.3333 PT
DB 12*40000/fs= 2627.586 mm f s= 32 Mpa
4640 psi
Maximum spacing= 2627.59 mm

Spacing required (temp)= 376.80 mm

Spacing required (main)= 331.22 mm
Max. allowed spacing= 2627.59 mm
Spacing (Temp. bar)= 250.00 mm
Spacing (main bar)= 100.00 mm

7 Reinforcement Summary per m width of slab:

Provided [mm2] Required
S.No. Type of Bar [mm2]
No. dia. Area Remarks: D/C
1 Main Bar 10 12 1130.40 227.52 Okay 4.968
2 Temp. Bar 4 12 452.39 341.3 Okay 1.326
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8 Summary of reinforcement per m width:

no. dia (mm) spacing

Main Bar 4 12 100.00
Temp. Bar 10 12 250.00
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1 Material Properties
Concrete
Compressive strength, fc'= 32 Mpa
Elastic Modulus, Ec= 28284.27 Mpa

Reinforcements
Yield strength, fy= 400 Mpa
Elastic modulus, E= 200000 Mpa

Yield strength of stirrups, fys= 200 Mpa

2 Dimensions of Beam and Acting Loads

Length of Beam, L= 2900 mm
Width of Beam section, bw= 1000 mm
Total depth of Beam section, D= 350 mm
Cover of beam section, d'= 20 mm
Effective depth of beam section, d= 330 mm
I= 10416666667
Gross sectional area of beam section, Ag= 350000 mm2 Ag=bwD
Effective sectional area of beam section, Ae= 330000 mm 2
Ae=bw.d

3 Calculation of Loads and Moments

1. Dead Load of Slab (Self-weight)

Length of tributary area, L= 2.9 m Concrete unit wt
Width of tributary area, B= 1.00 m = 25 kN/m3
Thickness of Slab, Dslab= 0.35 m
Dead Load of Slab, WDL,slab= 25.38 kN

2. Dead Load of Beam (Self-weight)

Length of beam, L= 0 m
Width of beam, B= 1.00 m
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Thickness of beam, Dbeam= 0.35 m

Dead Load of Beam, WDL,beam= 0 kN

3. Self imposed Dead Load in tributary area (SDL)

Length of tributary area, L= 2.9 m
Width of tributary area, B= 1.00 m
Self imposed load intensity, wsdl= 2 kN/m2
Total Self imposed load, WSDL= 5.80 kN

4. Live Load in tributary area (LL)

Length of tributary area, L= 2.9 m
Width of tributary area, B= 1.00 m
Live load intensity, wLL= 5 kN/m2
Total Live load, WLL= 14.50 kN

Total Dead Load, WDL=(1)+(2)+(3)= 31.18 kN

Total Live Load, WLL= (4)= 14.50 kN 22.84

3 Ultimate loads and Moments

Dead Load per unit length in beam, wdl= 10.75 kN/m

Live Load per unit length in beam, wll= 5.00 kN/m

Load combination considered: (1.2wdl+1.6wll)

Ultimate load in beam, wu= 20.90 kN/m

Notes:
Vmax=wL/2 1. For Bangkok Clay, Ka=1, γ=1.5t/m3
(Nipon & Vichan, 2003)
2. wu,h=Psoil.bw ; bw = width of culvert
Mmax=wL2/8 (assume, 1000 mm)
3. Psoil=1/2Kaγh
wu

Psoil=1/2Kaγh Mmax=wL2/9√3 Vmax= wL/3

Figure: Analytical Beam
*Note: Negative moment is considered as wL2/12 for design at the supports
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Source: Nipon & Vichan, 2003

Design shear force and bending moments are:

Ultimate Shear Force (Vu)= 30.31 kN
Ultimate Positive Moment, M+ve= 21.97 kN-m
Ultimate Negative Moment, M-ve= 14.65 kN-m

4 Flexural design of RC beam

The flexural design of the RC beam seciton is based on above stress and strain
distribution diagram.

Section 1. Calculation of minimum reinforcement area:

ACI The minimum tensile reinforcement must be greater of (a) and (b)
318-14
7.6.1.1 (a) ƍmin = 0.002*bh 1-way
660.00 mm2
(b) ƍmin = 0.002*bh 2-way
660 mm2

As, min = 660.00 mm2

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Now,
Փ = 0.9
β1 = 0.8
Then,
a= d-Sqrt.(d -(2|Mu|/0.85fc'Փbw))
2
1795.027 107105 327.3
= 2.73 mm
From strain diagram єcmax= 0.003
cmax= [єcmax/(єcmax+єsmin)]*d єsmin= 0.005
= 123.75 mm d= 330
amax= β1cmax
= 99 mm
Now, if a<=amax., the tensile reinforcement is suffient. However, if a>a max,
compression reinforcement is also necessary.
fc'= 32
In above case, bw= 1000
a<=a.max amax= 99
Therefore, Փ= 0.9
Only tensile reinforcement is sufficient. d= 330

3. Calculation of tensile rienforcement:

Tensile reinforcements for balancing the compression in concrete:
As1= Mu/[fy.(d-0.5amax)]Փ
185.71 mm2 Required Tension
And, Negative reinforcement Steel:
As'= 123.81 mm2 As= 660.0 mm2
ƍ s= 0.00189
ƍ s= 0.00035
Section 4. Check for maximum allowable flexural reinforcement:
ACI To ensure that the designed tension steel is yielding and that the failure is not
318-14 brittle, the reinforcement ratio of the tension steel in doubly reinforced concrete
beam should not exceed 0.75ƍb
9.6.1.2
ƍmax ≤ 0.75[(0.85fc'β1/fy)+(0.003Es/(0.003Es+fy))+(ƍ'fs'/fy)]
= 0.4908
As, max. allow = 161964.00 mm2
As, provided = 660.0 mm2
Okay
5 Check for Deflection

For determination of deflection:

Length, L= 2.90 m 2900 mm
width, b= 1.00 m 1000 mm
Depth, D= 0.35 m 350 mm
 Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14): Culvert Top Slab
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Modulus of Elasticity, E= 5000Sqrt(Fc'(Mpa)=

28284.27 N/mm2
Moment of Inertia, Ig= 10416666667 mm4 wu= 20.90 kN/m

Deflection, ∆= 5wuL4/384EI= 0.07 mm

Allowable deflection, ∆al= L/360= 8.1 mm

Ok

6 Reinforcement for distributed direction (shrinkage and temperature reinforcement)

ACI 318-14 Considered width of slab, bw= 1000 mm

Table 24.4.3.2 Depth of slab, d= 350.00 mm

Minimum Shrinkage and temperature rebar=

As,min= 0.002bd 700.00 mm2

If provided DB 12 mm
Spacing required= 161.49 mm

Check for maximum allowable spacing:

ACI 318-14
Table 24.3.2 Rebar type Max. spacing cc= 20 RC
lesser of: 15[40000/fs]-2.5cc= 3234.483 mm = 13.3333 PT
DB 12*40000/fs= 2627.586 mm f s= 32 Mpa
4640 psi
Maximum spacing= 2627.59 mm

Spacing required (temp)= 161.49 mm

Spacing required (main)= 304.48 mm
Max. allowed spacing= 2627.59 mm
Spacing (Temp. bar)= 250.00 mm
Spacing (main bar)= 200.00 mm

7 Reinforcement Summary per m width of slab:

Provided [mm2] Required
S.No. Type of Bar [mm2]
No. dia. Area Remarks: D/C
1 Main Bar 5 16 1004.80 123.81 Okay 8.116
2 Temp. Bar 4 12 452.39 660.0 Not Okay 0.685
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8 Summary of reinforcement per m width:

no. dia (mm) spacing

Main Bar 4 12 200.00
Temp. Bar 5 16 250.00
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1 Material Properties
Concrete
Compressive strength, fc'= 32 Mpa
Elastic Modulus, Ec= 28284.27 Mpa

Reinforcements
Yield strength, fy= 400 Mpa
Elastic modulus, E= 200000 Mpa

Yield strength of stirrups, fys= 200 Mpa

2 Dimensions of Beam and Acting Loads

Length of Beam, L= 2800 mm
Width of Beam section, bw= 1000 mm
Total depth of Beam section, D= 250 mm
Cover of beam section, d'= 30 mm
Effective depth of beam section, d= 220 mm
I= 10416666667
Gross sectional area of beam section, Ag= 250000 mm2 Ag=bwD
Effective sectional area of beam section, Ae= 220000 mm 2
Ae=bw.d

3 Calculation of Loads and Moments

1. Soil Pressure
Height of wall, h= 2.8 m Concrete unit wt
Width of wall, B= 1.00 m = 25 kN/m3
Thickness of Slab, Dslab= 0.25 m ka= 1
Lateral pressure, Psoil= 206.01 kN γsoil= 1.5 t/m3
15 kN/m3
2. Dead Load of Beam (Self-weight) g= 9.81 m/s2
Length of beam, L= 0 m
Width of beam, B= 1.00 m
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Thickness of beam, Dbeam= 0.25 m

Dead Load of Beam, WDL,beam= 0 kN

3. Self imposed Dead Load in tributary area (SDL)

Length of tributary area, L= 0 m
Width of tributary area, B= 1.00 m
Self imposed load intensity, wsdl= 2 kN/m2
Total Self imposed load, WSDL= 0.00 kN

4. Live Load in tributary area (LL)

Length of tributary area, L= 0 m
Width of tributary area, B= 1.00 m
Live load intensity, wLL= 5 kN/m2
Total Live load, WLL= 0.00 kN

Total Dead Load, WDL=(1)+(2)+(3)= 206.01 kN

Total Live Load, WLL= (4)= 0.00 kN 103.01

3 Ultimate loads and Moments

Dead Load per unit length in beam, wdl= 73.58 kN/m

Live Load per unit length in beam, wll= 0.00 kN/m

Load combination considered: (1.2wdl+1.6wll)

Ultimate load in beam, wu= 88.29 kN/m

Notes:
Vmax=wL/2 1. For Bangkok Clay, Ka=1, γ=1.5t/m3
(Nipon & Vichan, 2003)
2. wu,h=Psoil.bw ; bw = width of culvert
Mmax=wL2/8 (assume, 1000 mm)
3. Psoil=1/2Kaγh
wu

Psoil=1/2Kaγh Mmax=wL2/9√3 Vmax= wL/3

Figure: Analytical Beam
*Note: Negative moment is considered as wL2/12 for design at the supports
 Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14): Culvert Top Slab
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 Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14): Culvert Top Slab
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Source: Nipon & Vichan, 2003

Design shear force and bending moments are:

Ultimate Shear Force (Vu)= 123.61 kN
Ultimate Positive Moment, M+ve= 44.40 kN-m
Ultimate Negative Moment, M-ve= 33.30 kN-m

4 Flexural design of RC beam

The flexural design of the RC beam seciton is based on above stress and strain
distribution diagram.

Section 1. Calculation of minimum reinforcement area:

ACI The minimum tensile reinforcement must be greater of (a) and (b)
318-14
7.6.1.1 (a) ƍmin = 0.002*bh 1-way
440.00 mm2
(b) ƍmin = 0.002*bh 2-way
440 mm2

As, min = 440.00 mm2

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Now,
Փ = 0.9
β1 = 0.8
Then,
a= d-Sqrt.(d -(2|Mu|/0.85fc'Փbw))
2
3627.797 44772.2 211.6
= 8.41 mm
From strain diagram єcmax= 0.003
cmax= [єcmax/(єcmax+єsmin)]*d єsmin= 0.005
= 82.5 mm d= 220
amax= β1cmax
= 66 mm
Now, if a<=amax., the tensile reinforcement is suffient. However, if a>a max,
compression reinforcement is also necessary.
fc'= 32
In above case, bw= 1000
a<=a.max amax= 66
Therefore, Փ= 0.9
Only tensile reinforcement is sufficient. d= 220

3. Calculation of tensile rienforcement:

Tensile reinforcements for balancing the compression in concrete:
As1= Mu/[fy.(d-0.5amax)]Փ
571.58 mm2 Required Tension
And, Negative reinforcement Steel:
As'= 428.68 mm2 As= 571.6 mm2
ƍ s= 0.00229
ƍ s= 0.00171
Section 4. Check for maximum allowable flexural reinforcement:
ACI To ensure that the designed tension steel is yielding and that the failure is not
318-14 brittle, the reinforcement ratio of the tension steel in doubly reinforced concrete
beam should not exceed 0.75ƍb
9.6.1.2
ƍmax ≤ 0.75[(0.85fc'β1/fy)+(0.003Es/(0.003Es+fy))+(ƍ'fs'/fy)]
= 0.4908
As, max. allow = 107976.00 mm2
As, provided = 571.6 mm2
Okay
5 Check for Deflection

For determination of deflection:

Length, L= 2.80 m 2800 mm
width, b= 1.00 m 1000 mm
Depth, D= 0.25 m 250 mm
 Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14): Culvert Top Slab
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Modulus of Elasticity, E= 5000Sqrt(Fc'(Mpa)=

28284.27 N/mm2
Moment of Inertia, Ig= 10416666667 mm4 wu= 88.29 kN/m

Deflection, ∆= 5wuL4/384EI= 0.24 mm

Allowable deflection, ∆al= L/360= 7.8 mm

Ok

6 Reinforcement for distributed direction (shrinkage and temperature reinforcement)

ACI 318-14 Considered width of slab, bw= 1000 mm

Table 24.4.3.2 Depth of slab, d= 250.00 mm

Minimum Shrinkage and temperature rebar=

As,min= 0.002bd 500.00 mm2

If provided DB 12 mm
Spacing required= 226.08 mm

Check for maximum allowable spacing:

ACI 318-14
Table 24.3.2 Rebar type Max. spacing cc= 30 RC
lesser of: 15[40000/fs]-2.5cc= 3209.483 mm = 20 PT
DB 12*40000/fs= 2627.586 mm f s= 32 Mpa
4640 psi
Maximum spacing= 2627.59 mm

Spacing required (temp)= 226.08 mm

Spacing required (main)= 197.77 mm
Max. allowed spacing= 2627.59 mm
Spacing (Temp. bar)= 250.00 mm
Spacing (main bar)= 200.00 mm

7 Reinforcement Summary per m width of slab:

Provided [mm2] Required
S.No. Type of Bar [mm2]
No. dia. Area Remarks: D/C
1 Main Bar 5 12 565.20 428.68 Okay 1.318
2 Temp. Bar 4 12 452.39 571.6 Not Okay 0.791
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8 Summary of reinforcement per m width:

no. dia (mm) spacing

Main Bar 4 12 200.00
Temp. Bar 5 12 250.00
 Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14)
Codes
and Particulars Remarks
Sections
1 Material Properties
Concrete
Compressive strength, fc'= 31 Mpa
Elastic Modulus, Ec= 27838.82 Mpa

Reinforcements
Yield strength, fy= 400 Mpa
Elastic modulus, E= 200000 Mpa

Yield strength of stirrups, fys= 250 Mpa

2 Dimensions of Beam and Acting Loads

Length of Beam, L= 3000 mm
Width of Beam section, bw= 300 mm
Total depth of Beam section, D= 500 mm
Cover of beam section, d'= 40 mm
Effective depth of beam section, d= 460 mm

Gross sectional area of beam section, Ag= 150000 mm2 Ag=bwD

Effective sectional area of beam section, Ae= 138000 mm2 Ae=bw.d

3 Ultimate loads and Moments

Load combination considered: Envelope (ACI-318-14)
Pult 190 kN
Mult 560 kN-m

4 Flexural design of RC beam

The flexural design of the RC beam seciton is based on above stress and strain
distribution diagram.
 Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14)
Section 1. Calculation of minimum reinforcement area:
ACI The minimum tensile reinforcement must be greater of (a) and (b)
318-14
9.6.1.2 (a) ƍmin = 0.25*Sqrt. (fc')/fy
480.22 mm2
(b) ƍmin = 1.4/fy*bwd
483 mm2

As, min = 483.00 mm2

Now,
Փ = 0.9
β1 = 0.8
Then,
a= d-Sqrt.(d -(2|Mu|/0.85fc'Փbw))
2

= 227.24 mm
From strain diagram єcmax= 0.003
cmax= [єcmax/(єcmax+єsmin)]*d єsmin= 0.005
= 172.5 mm d= 460
amax= β1cmax
= 138 mm
Now, if a<=amax., the tensile reinforcement is suffient. However, if a>a max,
compression reinforcement is also necessary.
In above case,
a>a.max
Therefore,
Additional compression reinforcement is also required.

2. Calculation of tensile rienforcement (a<a max):

Tensile reinforcements for balancing the compression in concrete: Required Tension

Steel:
As= Mu/[fy.(d-0.5a)]Փ As= 4490.9 mm2
4490.92 mm2 ƍs= 0.03254
As, min= 483.00 mm2

Section 4. Check for maximum allowable flexural reinforcement:

ACI To ensure that the designed tension steel is yielding and that the failure is not
318-14 brittle, the reinforcement ratio of the tension steel in doubly reinforced concrete
beam should not exceed 0.75ƍb
9.6.1.2
ƍmax ≤ 0.75[(0.85fc'β1/fy)+(0.003Es/(0.003Es+fy))+(ƍ'fs'/fy)]
= 0.4895
As, max. allow = 67554.45 mm2
As, provided = 4490.9 mm2
Okay
 Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14)

5 Check for Allowable Deflection

Deflection of Beam due to Point Load: P=

Δ1= Pa2b2/3EIL a=
E= 27838.82 b=
I= 2433400000
Δ1= mm

Deflection of Beam due to UDL:

Δ2= wx(L3-2Lx2+x3)/24EI w=
mm x=
L= 3000
Total Deflection:
Δ = Δ1+Δ2
= mm

Δall = L/360
8.33 mm
Result: Deflection is Okay

6 Check for Shear Strength

Critcal section: d/2= 230 mm

Vu= 190 kN Vu= 190 kN
 Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14)

Shear strength of Concrete:

Vc = Փ*0.17*Sqrt.(fc').bw.d Փ= 0.7
= 91.43 kN ՓVc= 91.43 kN
Shear strength to be provided by stirrups:
Vs Vu-ՓVc
98.57 kN
Remarks:Shear reinforcement is required.
Therefore, provide shear reinforcement of:
2 legged DB 12 mm fys= 250 mPa
Spacing (s)= ՓAv.fysd/Vs.= 184.74 mm d= 460 mm
Thus provide spacing of: 250.00 mm

7 Reinforcement Summary:
Provided [mm2] Required
S.No. Type of Bar [mm2]
No. dia. Area Remarks:
1 Flexure-comp. 2 16 402.12 0.00 Okay
2 Flexure-tension. 6 20 1884.96 4490.9 Not Okay
3 Shear 2 12 1.22 0.90 Not Okay

8 Summary:

no. dia (mm)

Tension Rebar, As: 6 20
Compression bar, As': 2 16
leg dia(mm) s(mm)
Shear bar, Avs: 2 12 250.00

Cover of beam section, d'= 40 mm

Design of Doubly Reinforced RC Beam (ACI 318-14)
 Shear check in construction joint (ACI 318-14)
Codes
and Particulars Remarks
Sections
1 Material Properties
Concrete
Compressive strength, fc'= 30 Mpa
Elastic Modulus, Ec= 27386.13 Mpa

Reinforcements
Yield strength, fy= 415 Mpa
Elastic modulus, E= 200000 Mpa

Yield strength of stirrups, fys= 250 Mpa

2 Dimensions of Beam and Acting Loads

Width of Beam section, bw= 300 mm
Total depth of Beam section, D= 600 mm
Cover of beam section, d'= 60 mm
Effective depth of beam section, d= 540 mm

Gross sectional area of beam section, Ag= 180000 mm2 Ag=bwD

Effective sectional area of beam section, Ae= 162000 mm 2
Ae=bw.d

3 Ultimate loads and Moments

Load combination considered: Envelope (ACI-318-14)
Vult 280 kN

4 Check for Shear Strength

Critcal section: d/2= 270 mm

Vu= 280 kN Vu= 280 kN
 Shear check in construction joint (ACI 318-14)

Shear strength of Concrete:

Vc = Փ*0.17*Sqrt.(fc').bw.d Փ= 0.7
= 105.59 kN ՓVc= 105.59 kN
Shear strength to be provided by stirrups:
Vs Vu-ՓVc
174.41 kN
Remarks:Shear reinforcement is required.
Therefore, provide shear reinforcement of:
2 legged DB 12 mm fys= 250 mPa
Spacing (s)= ՓAv.fysd/Vs.= 122.56 mm d= 540 mm
Thus provide spacing of: 100.00 mm

5 Reinforcement Summary:
Provided [mm2] Required
S.No. Type of Bar [mm2]
No. dia. Area Remarks: D/C
3 Shear 2 12 1.85 2.26 Okay 1.333

6 Summary:

leg dia(mm) s(mm)

Shear bar, Avs: 2 12 100.00

Cover of beam section, d'= 60 mm