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    16 views44 pages

    Physics World 2014 Vol 27-05

    Uploaded by

    DrC

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 44
    ETC Cree a Ses Roll over, Boltzmann Does Tsallis entropy really add up? MECC Xone ena AC ee colt ec eC ; ee Searle Sifting through the first evidence for inflation physicsworld {ESghor tsa det eamses Quanta 3 Frontiors ‘Sg lam ates openthe dort quantum canputing ‘So tnsheets aetranctemed thease Nanoscale stay ‘Secestenth fosters «Sava gamers meal al Callout aoa tmpratue graphene Geteto esto cover Inkaredspecrum News & Analysis 6 CEP? spt primed meds Coste thea oc NST sucesso» EuopeanEart-obserton catches Sliphenal its Sponsh observatory "taste ure faeesUKtuasageovel »Russimals art Om tlszope Women tla a share often gars Vitlundersound Tobopers eGementsion'stloatr resp Comment 15 Thelsening game Teste Forum a “ming ube nd eye Pen Gomiand Critical Point 19 Why donttey ten? Rober crease Feedback eT ears share pines on Pye vd edvstan pet sue patengrasearh the SICEP2 ests, wearable ‘etoss andre mae Seep nnnen = Sree Sate atest 6-9 Features ‘The drop heard round the world 26 How dan atid aoe th at Hit Coleg Duta Become ‘medi seneaton Shane Beg, Stan te and Denis, ‘eave explore tephyslesct pth and refcton "son science” Roll over, Boltzmann 31 Ludvig Btenansdes on entropy anand win pysics butcoud nen oma enor ploneeredty Constantin als, bo belt deeripon of ore? Jon cao fs ou Unravelling our atmosphere 36 Physsts ae deweoping fou cuting gp isruetsthat at belouchedonbnad he Ear CARE satelite. tn Cole olan ow by drancigour incest at's ‘maser thoy i uimate prove ot cna pedctons Reviews 42 ‘shisoreinthe unvrs? «Th problem of missle detence ‘Webi: Maratea Tas «Tey prety ings Careers 48 ‘look orspce ie Pnere Once pest Atewwe missed Recruitment 51 Lateral Thoughts 56 “vane” quantum mechonics Jon Swanson comhoutbee dosing ersona ses Mossi monte = ots stant wa? (6) 5 meptcrteottargped20) = lessees (950) Quanta (CN Seen and heard ‘We have an open-door poly, and ‘would love to work withthe best ‘Univer of So Pas ra and Micha Moor from the UR® Unversity scientists inthe word ~ wherever of Manchester were the on atte ‘they are based guest al Ggure of 10 correct 2d Si arc gue Caen ay Senor uo evade psec Telesales reson secstectan a val erat et gr tn ‘hit preted sn tenn 20 Sater gesc hen "He Wsia ic sand Soa afoot én Se atere Tis i deiney a race Eeratetve halnpodount Coley plyststs Ue ans beim sexier |e ichin-ergieEalysica-to ‘sein tng ete ein seems Souinanengtere _ |steacorcttne hates" seany tne octet Ken cmniftwSoecueteninres |ritmesamiscieamiahe stttcmtimater rtrd iat atucetetansarnrot' | tuteniy craic tursow onto teoac Sete atieecioe | bunlinipliencalneniyceats” wohlgts Te bestnanior hes emgecarcewiec st |eeuirnbartcterarciccty Tenbeal pap inp at ean isan ements SorVuces aa ales eet antaneuaie Suinbwatersenpaicity he” Tiginct Aber timing Sepen tang Couns Fie Authoriytosechow Haking “treat theony baks 2Astcentury success story looks ke woes could hawe stated at oal ga TveTeainthe ps iDpeaare pss Users fcaniogeayachtntine spurs beck n 200, Bath inlet boot: Durst readers Not be Dena tse naan ‘Sparen cased by golerrevinging outdo, UK popstar Charote Church Comsyetetwonedteveionoe —cettaameadedgafchanineskl_Ranaesprse erie! pases Statorcinceowmstscers igen Tighararswchusmlhyeonn rocks Sigs now oeing ing SSrenavoleiwrocttetctterte saherdchs Eaihmansndbstcam dope la these. Church att Gehotpotesercnctecosaiymal."* weduhigmapeedeamerstoace what the openingtrickon er tent EP. ippenetiatvetianumcis, Enid Enaene ed Sesare uninand [inesnadcfromtnieseseel-s_—yquntampnserandever ae ee Soecommonchbicelmacit-wre eelanotselnce mginnesaading maknghagfoo wanste'0 peta pring ‘ew Scns ty al endl tse not use weird weirdo words {farkflew with hese headed lbs, azaiaesr the other you histone een emcvow ena ot tent tro those arom ison, Sets Mer, Perhaps she shoal Scimratasharena omer Extioun nose ero pag” Phy Montes. Gre cuge soaaielnpeten —wihahandespsound20, ound thatthe Fgmessantatwenelioytartonae pintscoulas fora econ, reaching Whos the fool? eee eee esurne asa seating 1S00°C enough cause dry Wevere etn pretty ‘estocommunistetbate ‘geal lai and could evel Pesed wih oases st tore then amet Civein Calflora are Ron sherposingan BY spit Footste onthe Se Pcs ei biog bot dont wanttto be aboutme ory ames atopy mii funny name ‘Sheter mts ti alse setfonomersnt Joe nk ‘marie om te Lamers Le ugha det pace nny ne Ua Nato sorte en eines lal mcrowave-oven tan We came encoetieuceesniyodeacce Nodel behaviour {yams rohit tesa Manmuacnegesattenatee|gitin | Eee’sathoughtforamone planning gulps tov eels more chance ema Physics, held at the Coventry University filming trip tothe Cheshire observatory Deas rleiiess farpansioguestiow manypeope tah ante srnger tan (ton ecw (Sees Sete, eraser pyle ga en that tefinal umber of parpantsst_ thle tetoom Se age to block let Ine sagen Ste Movs harehst__snyconferences thee ne tbevae els rom exiting the ven ad rating Congieda 10serkiw salen erty, eclstedromanesrapoltion othe _upwanted nein their aio kescope shen 20 shows the lakialrepsteatonfequeney (None Sheraton Itmasa case ofmcowved Fe 370) MasiyukiHasefiom the Sygovourtaces enone 2 Frontiers In brief _. Single-atom gates get quantum “Sesion” ptt the tat ‘het ngs co bese rm ag that feat sing scheme ovlvng an ‘nso eatery sramagthem 2h opal caviy, whch was est propo in ‘scometnsbity ema sonar pene 20 by physician te US. sete reteset "ira photon incident onthe cavity asst (Begun wands tego vet same tae wi be sherbet refs of ons ‘er Tne red oes att the mors and come bck ot asm, tlw soe sma be. Wh the departing photon exporienein ‘hey ten remy let tee Pas shit inthe process. Tek tt tena ey an ese ods theresonance ofthe nity depends an he ‘tesa Ye wand sane eas the Suicofthe stom ifthe stom sina ‘Shera oe tosis es an {tsa the city doe ot esate nd 20Rofte sn ange tonegtstUhtymasi Aenean the photon dot not ecto a phase shi ‘tent solag sures mich ee ‘Thestatol the atom therefore conto he ‘oveeng npnep be coeptcoul be A quantum information analogue of the pst othe trussed pon ihe ned oct pee brers sould” ahr hasbeen anveled ty two Ine the gate wliage controling the cure ‘enue aessxh smear povrplns pendnt groups a Germany andthe US. shordinr rans (ys at 12 350) Bomhdevises-wbichcomprseanglesiom "inthe new work, Stephan Rier and ‘harcansvtcie quantum satolasigle colleager athe Max lncctnthute f Towards osm barman ‘olon-aveamajrseptowardsthe deel Quantum Optiain Garhing ve sed Cetaneabontnseclecues could teused Spent of praca quantum computers, opal Faby Ped cv consisting of tcc oxtne presse ondtonprate Suchconpetrs sore normaton ngs, two caved entre oughly al line tnfomsersintnwetstaw caused which aa superposition ofboth and 1 tre apart (Nate 80837), Menno Iyeapenare rating honks When quis ae entangled ny change in. Harvard Univery andthe Masichuscts ‘Gnewrseach ested oy serie” ae immediatly affect there ow. Tshite of Techpolgy, Mikhall Lats ‘ths ecg ioe won, sing ngerta complex protons to be saed_ and olegues used atic chip with 3 Sonotsinsocabors~ndesieswih —muchfnterthan whee compute, civiy measuring just few icons nee Geran tenonetbgs-tatowofenowd —""Qabtecanbecrestedfromeiterighcor (ne 30824) tnbothemontations Eeteciestowwstolwstgte male bat many reearchers bie thatthe spine eppedtom atcnta SSpinsistentehyomeaters owe pactial quantum compatrroftheoture_the resonance te vy ScunavomerenasTeso5 im ilteelorbustaenaiortersees Bones per hao ina ‘Seuowacetaedtotty song the tos Uniotanachieenroncymmcreetertan stemming hse Graoynoioacaioctess ee aikangteouc snag asceoaly ReGen wate pe See Sonbonatomacaninhe’” Syctint ne; ‘aike Reacma tspetrnt animes eet Rtratrandan tausratjcation | mcihey peronigh imei Soba aeas manta ie Spummecoenrnctanshatse Sine tis\woker ites bet minpacgs mance ane onmtr Siete bccn berey SmmnSSakeoun ete i i Te ey lay eile — dele Son Stamping 2D with ease ,,.-2=" cis cts coors Sa tla cD is Fewrmealemechneottr Pisin le aeridiion fartpiensbepane sett Macacaumanmenaarsnmes louise aicepiteinpkece ODidensralooy tes wear Scmouanta'wintatonysiaa, ans itenefay ak'Sunon eo atcha tr op oletoomee er ceraneen eta asec ee a en Gonna cag CoN raeels lechhen eRantoataerkans. savernainp siete te he se Sancgroomeneienennae SccnciacNchianietoiow tone penhesarh assennecange rice Gamineamacneningierns yritihtiaainiyiecinneetowane. upediter esse: ayes re ‘onsianentonerbepansegte RrinesDmatsaicusepghencta trout Cohan ae ewe Scan nqrecoueuyenscttx, |maicnm apices Sierancs, farcscissme aes arnt Stcanapeaetssntecacesin” Toric wchefenid hep cece Tic eam weds eigee sa Keomccuapeameatcnsds |stats fom aD nactakterponre fat one 2 besa Sonpertercnntnsaniat akingaDigcs patentee” tage Me tsetse Seintstetipenonstng ene "Menachtacrkeealnachie Sop, he tse coed it Storasnceyoeckaee | utanrsincieeaaneoy msc satya cence ttt Sanruintaictagt oem: |Shenietnskcn commie hese tee ands Sancta bee ‘core mrtg pine rte wot eed ‘eho soem and series ons thecspayfreeshetweenicche-_disiphide ntl ono aicon ses SSRI cae Sew nee Innovation Graphene gains thermal vision tec eat Sette wil the pours Sere teron soa an ut? a ek crate ea Dananceat hth ape paper, ec te ase ‘Nets an ls tN Saliva- Bowered fuel cell: a cells which rely on be News & Analysis Sifting the first evidence for inflation Does BICEP2's measurement of primordial B-mode polarization open a window on the early universe or hhas it fallen foul of an unexpected signal from galactic radio loops? Tushna Commissarlat investigates “Trying to decipher what happened ‘our nasont iver whe wat sere faction of second od is ftom the Background Imaging of Cosine Extragalactic Polaration (BICEP?) telescope atthe South Poleclimedin Maha thy had Aetected the primordial "Bemode polation” the sum mit ‘ae stron (CME) fore stound the word, This paras tion sig! ected to primordial [rvttonal wats that re thought {orhave abounded inthe eal une verse feonmed the signal cok beth fra tentative edence fr os alsin” the exteely pid expansion that eosmolop te elie gor unferse endorwent mer 10"s afer the ig Bung ist proposed in 1980 by Alan Guth and later expanded on by nar! nds the theory of at ths curenthe best explanation to resale some key connologc stds. We ko frm mess Strament fhe CMB" the thermal ermanofthe BigBang whichame Intobsingsome 80000 yeursaftert thatthe universe fs homogeneous fit warp whereas he ys ES ofthe Big Bang suggest tat ‘Should be high ures and beter enous lfsoie ten rob fens by suggesting thatthe eae sheerable universe originated tn ‘Sal causally connetea vepion Thatespandedaten exponent ate ‘sthevoiomeof thence gro Tag factor of upto 10 within {he barton ofthe universe became Ich larger andspuce cou nt “Te theory als tons ota an solrpiesoreuratre of sce, pu ‘Sng theuner into ater sip stat im paatdy ina microscope iflationey repo ‘hat evenualy magnified to case See, becoming the seeds fr stars, [lvcs and otersractares ese Sate ares ny. The CMB {hats some varaton sn tm eur of abut 100uK "eran ove otherwise lr em Dermot of that vel density Fission inthe eri unre Gratatina aftershocks ‘Thess eer pravttona ncn revs cry on ‘ere wen space-time would ave Teconted withthe sfersboc of Inieton. Garganuan prorat fgertatonl waves are thought 10 [ice propugited through the ene ‘onda buclground, hes wouid velit ova penton th pol Tenn ofthe CMs sto Sa ormpoent or tation, which ithe emo B mse polarization, Buber taneter ype of oar zat Signal” koown atthe Eos 6 en J which describes how the mag veer ptariation vier coc CMs. Unortanatey cerns no ditingush between the Bode Polaron eased by gravitation ‘ves stich tent conpone Sd the Eemode poluzation which ‘Scaued by denaty wanes ond hat 8 Sear emponert by snp baking the CMB temperature variations (Ge inage opp) Movover the [Binode thought tobemach weaker than seounterprt aking task ‘sfetecton that och mone ns ‘Bat on 17 March members of te BICEP? vam announced tht they tad been ale to ifereat hen he tensor and sear com "pment by aking certain mesa. [ines ofthe polarization agit ‘canbe detctod a each point on the £Ealy whieh provide ext inform ‘on, The team mensred theres Ing'tensonso sai rtotote 0.20 ehstatisteapeiteace ofahot “Sov ot the possi that he feoking fora nee in yates. tatinnead we funda crowbat sak BICEP co leader Clem rye tom the University of Minnesota, The ‘elaboration died that the long Sar or tensor Banos oppate ently over, ands ew cof Bre ‘sosmology as began Many physicists qui sled the ‘sce opsen bitecame reteset rene rl ‘coe tan if seamed trl po ekgenaemaye found thet dest evden nt ‘ogee ony for ination, bt ofa quanta (eevee Behaviour of space nd ie” id towesscen Craig Hogan, distor a he Ferm ‘omtre nee ab Czar fr Paste Astopiy Instoieait ies Indeed, «veo ofthe BICEPS {ace aprat_colahoration informing Linde of tebestred iv disseny showed hin overcome Intecusbysior Withemoton "Tamas ive with hs Shinn feling bat iT am trsked?™ he fotegsinoe sai" Wat i baie in inlation] oibeen'oe—jostdceane beaut So he [carseat open Trvesly hep to have events ie Stic this Real really elf. Tak nat BICEP? ha ely detected 3 B-mode Neil Turok diector fhe Als Perimeter ast or Theoretical. the snifiaiorymoddarisonnwith xumese, Sepen Havkinginthe 19012000 goto woes = ‘gol ceo, sing tha erence eo he ae perimental confirmation wil be_gabesnen ag recerry before BICEP2® revalts habia le eeping with inflation, he was wor placa Fd by derpaney wth previous {Cat ta Ine the ts of 130 that BICEP? measured i much Inrger than expected from ear rat Space Agee) Plank space Eaitand NASAS WMAP mon. Ua aks [Although the BICEP2 team says that tbe to ems oul e made utarge scale surveysofthe CMB, of oepround Sarkar hasnt tovagoe by adjusting an extension ‘Using WMAP dot, Saar and et ws BICHE bn mate ky tthe mest common Bie Bang os calleagesfountbat thenigalfem maps pute, be “cannot chuck if ‘ological model Kaown a8 ACM, Thelaopsforme a new "oreground” whut BICED2 has sec comets ‘Tro inks those tweaks would "hat area the sal “teaning” wah hes onepround structres tetremendouny wl In fat be Inethodesedy WMAP and Planck” Another asttophs ungens tier tt bath Planck athe SSlntsts on thelr dat, meaning on ver BICEPZ$ claims s Pte ew rents spree, then together that could be mieerpeted ae Coles from the Universty of Ses they would esata eisene node poration A forground_sex.*My gretet worry abou the agnnn nfo." gute Cal tema up of any emisons that BICEP? reas hat tbe esse ‘Sparta ay "extraodnry Cis ould be ented th primordial ment made ats inp fequeny, Fogultcatanlary evidence and {EMH photons snc they were lst TSDGH he sgn ond to Be they don't he extacrnary er Seated athe “eporh of secon convinced that the signal comme ‘ence st et Finstion’, when seal atoms fst logical ater than aig from a ‘Others have heen equally cas fovned sid the decoupling of mat foreground sours, Twos need tious aboot BICED2S ata inter {erand aaton lowed photonsto_to se confirmed by ther mess pretation, prelersing to venerve trovetvecharosthe ere. ements diferent frequencies tonfrmed by other experiments Star dst Tope sgml would ook te same Indeed the dst had batl sete Sinan whohasbeensadingraio.ivspective of Trequeney. wile ‘on BICEPDsdaclosre when at inops ine the ob hiksthat sf foreground emission wold vary. tt cosmoloptledby Soir Sarat theuperaors shal lao tap dist David Sper athoorta sro she Unverty of Oxford, cme fnviched wih tale ono tr=_physcst at Princeton Unies, tone fond evidence tat emis Iugncc oleae they mighpro-_thmesthatthe radio toopemisen ‘Sons from cal atutures nour ga tceshortrnavlengin radiation weak enough o not be sgn. my hao ao cl thotspolariee tankstothpaim_ contaminant i the WMAP and eterate's previously unknown signing withthe asc mapncie Mancktemperatre map tthe Polsze sina thus cating doubt Fok Indced, Sankaran colleagues polation nails tian 000 fine BICEP finding ve ound evidence for this rad he emperatue signal thse Ratio loops are Movght to be To quote ‘ona oly at radio equences, etfs willbe much more mpor ats by te remnant of anlent_ Go butalso at mistome frequen, tnt forthe polarization dats Supernovae, inte form of shells C2"IS@E2M. | Fecinginaponablecontamiation Alleys ae now onthe upcoming ‘pa and cht thst have grown to @Y0O0NAYY— SFHICES¥ sna expec axthe_poartation data from the Planck lal sizes of t00-200parses, claims require egkon ofthe sy kode th tle: atlite, which should ell the Micteggiccktciby tenet’ exraocinan gests. stuatoiete ya Puna has Smit snchrottn radiation when CEN, yeraourtsowncontninaion the wise sy at mull equ host particles Hom covm rye 2008ICEP2 from ayachotonradstonand Gites soil provide th adetaied fpinsimaeibcel' mage doesrithave santa pian: oat action of aac ms Fells reweacchrsnced toatcount gxtragcinary 2a by eone-corrlating what hey on sayrSpengel Hehopetbate forauch radiation = incudig the SU20CMAY Sch thew wale mcr Pancdatwalcotcn te BICEP? ‘sochrotron radian and polarized ®VE theme Howerer these modelsdo resus sd show convincingly that ‘hirson rom dust wtlcearying, Justyet ol inde ne poabenewsousee_theemision i conmologcl Nows & Analysis Report warns of rising costs of NASA telescope NASA saropyses programne fests bulding the ancy Wide Fld atrared Survey Telescope (WEIRST)aninsrumeattosty ‘henatreofdarkenery and wach ‘Silom o's report fy the Nationa ‘esareh Cousll (NRC), which, While applauding tbescientie vat ft the seamen, warns tha te fost ike outing the rat cold rake the strophyscs programme challenging Yo ranage ist proposed in 198 after the dtscvety tha the expansion of he ners sacceraity the concep fof wereld survey a stay dark ‘nergy ~ thought Yo be the cause ‘tthe expansion — he undergone Sera erations, By 2010 tha Sve tended dtet Eat ie ‘topltnets and in 201 the son ame top sf NASAS decaal surey ‘Stpanned space bascinstroments WFIRST ten became the ext ig space telescope project after the [Rins Web Space Telescope ch Tal desis forthe seamen called fora Fm aperture: Buti S013 We Nations) Reconnaisance Ortice (NRO) gave NASA two Europe launches first Sentinel mission Space Aan (ES) ae atten {tat Lament on Spr om Tecrtoweaa eet {he Coprcs programme“ et f test beneath a fd that sta of accomodating {tothe mision have ben lied 2A teescopestor which had 20 farce se Te space ageey then ‘skedthe NRC stu tbe sceatic indeconoisiplation oe WERSTasvella thee aaefor ding wcerongeap, whi backs cut "The eport concludes tht adage: ingthe NRO satelite for WEIRST ‘wo “signiioly nance the iced see gous Howes, the port waras thatthe upeade ieesut ina “rete ilinood Thatcons wil increase beyond cue Featestinats” The stdy estimates that WEIRST without the corons rpwoulscont around $3.1 fom the orga 1.850 prize ap "Ye the voor does a sa ow hth te rileayinreased rk for cost Saye ota Haisoa, a tant mer atthe California stitute of “Teetnology, wo cated the NRC orate She pins ot that such Stra inreney ol tt Fs ferotherssuer mons. "The doe dalsureychowe WFIRST bors ithe elaely ow eos and cst Fiche nds "propery anaaed ‘tha budget allocation property Sieedandemphasson the esto the ‘ropamme then al pret ‘Sentatcon WEIRSTaresieady workloads the NRC co ems, tsoring to Domine Be ford the mission's programme fetes We are incfesing ike Tedotonetitstotey tomas {hit concern and ower rik” Ben- feral Pes Mr ding ‘alas forthe following cade i20."We'eprepating WEIRST IO tethatmision "he ss Pour doe nope nots nda ‘Stes brethren tht Pier acken neater menting tetsu ye Epa ‘Oration rte Exton loge stati Pert Nows & Analysis Boss quits budget-threatened Spanish observatory EXimllerestcr However, CAA Astowateaer“Quintanas disapproval ofthe bdget However, CAHA aston Srilonygcte23mthayearandwill mesmaster deconisechoedoystafft AHA. merdess Actune Casto sis hat Kielofetbyonjat€loninsa+ wapetartes “Thema parsing arpectof allo CAHA separtmenteadsbawe tied fequen year, CATIA fue iinfagecgtre thiisthat the €l.om per seaigre_ tos this would not be possible but foster doubt fom 2018 when the lt Ivers witoud any fhe that thee pens had fen om deal Maxine ratte for Astonony néslimplementation plan” says_cus "oa tis year we ae starting In'eidlbers, Germany 8 ue Did Gnade Enriguee who heats Some new itemationalcallaora pullout ofthe observatory. In my CAHas stronony department Sons bck wil a ie dont have [pinion could be very de wo ‘he change derive fom thisnew thereuourcs apple need or manage CAH within the fmt Imposed by hs fonding” Oumar bag wrebcing implemented onthe” hesas ‘hyso-ay chon baa trough Comms Lavender Reseach programmes ws edate rom the Fiat report, war of atonal UK physics faces ‘catastrophic’ funding future ora oslo expert bth From experienced sears en -Arvewofthe programme atone of tea Inge Uk du oa fs often ‘beUKSmainfundngagence ed rorwenstint opportunity an frm the reduced Science and Technology Facies, ‘hetntetaptar sy totainthenet generation o (Connel(SHFC) has warned ha (teaaecran sci and engines (he counel faces aeatatophi™ Tminsopciues “There war tome better news fare iftabudget dosnt ntease ects forthe UK sere goveameat {the coming year Pe report a | ‘tendon announced £22 in February fr ‘ads public ling he ore Stacwaeaptalspending onslence rl ‘mentinFebruarybythe UK cane onoempeee as some sation! money former [Grtvcnge Osmere at appt oe ‘dana apn Iwesesnce be reno ting arg faci whch wil oe ergo forthe oot two yars=the fhe STF get crease igh Fine lel hasbeen tence 2010 Ina sntement le Wore TheST?Caiivutesgmernment_ 15 eas and 10% derese Irate STC ss tbecoun sone fr setronomy, ple and The. report, writen bythe working tenth dest Idle pysceaswelarcopprting 60g shee Baad, wars that fates programme bused on te the Uk contbtins to peace teas "would ses nals of. ‘view recommendations 18 facies mich at CERNandthe Dia eilecoetship in many areas that Ingtat he STFC wil ends at mnond synchrotron in Oxfordshire. the Uk has ed formany years ad programme to's council meeting Carl ot bythe SURC's scenes cron ofthe URS reputation {hie month for appeal Par of the ‘bord la year but only eles a cree erations parte, {2am wl oon a 2m ig dat inte Marsh after the STEC had ante comequences off fost to be named ate the Bt ‘ed itm bet notions the ther snstraining the programme ‘Bhcomputrscletst Alan Tring Topor looked thee ssnaroafor aver a prolonged period of time swllas 19m ona "atapol™ centre fotore spending the ge staying would > “atstophic™- Alou {oti commersaine panhene the sme (enown as fa ca) the pac lt ah on na ‘etotbae News & Analysis Russian space chief mulls huge 60 m telescope “The rector of Moscow State Uni fpmoney — and Rossa was tdi ‘erst ave pane to Bul {ative dm opal telescope join plow an anna subseription Sethe Cary Inds Viktor Sa [Pot some ete. While the Resin ‘rnihy sap tha the tlesope rf ovement tdeiding whether > tuk, woukd be the wor ite Sica the necessary funds, some and would hunt for Eat ‘searchers urge tht the iotey inne around others But the ‘Shoal nstead be spent ana fact ans ave divide esarchet ith Payne Rosin Thee {oie fasianasronomer yg {oleae the money t home and se ‘etousry boa mt bolder ICobufine den knee] onthe ety butts the European South ‘Canary Inde in one of Haass rm Obseratery (ESO) stead Tacos sas Lipa, ‘Aecordig to Vian Lipo, ‘Yori Bale, director ofthe Spe sirector ofthe Space Monoring iat Atropiyseal Obserstoy of Laboratory at Monoow Stat Uns the Resim Academy of Sent Sis the tesepe would bs bl by {questo the ing the proposal Riss, Spain amd posshly Switzer” alvgsfinda we ors there re andgan fouls Gan lescope “Sark an Tanda Geran with Rossa get- lots objects ot thts to ook at Rseaspeosd_nstrment wiles st est ©2360 tings quarter ofthe observing ime. says Sergei Popo ofthe Steraberg COmtaczps”tobildandtoday we donot hav the ‘onthe laity Thesodsrungamed) Autonomic! insite in Moncov, auster/oen gecesnty technologies ehglncee {clescope would dvart all existing Honeve, Paper queso whthert epimmen ing power tnd money ttt ch apd caren planned aces isthe bet option tor Romion sons Evgettsoansy a pet” siy Balog Even ie scaing the Chile-bound 39m Gay because since 2008 Ren has aplhatge” ad l tha y Res, sch fo European Extremely Large Tele- beet debating weber to om he laste teescope nou nly be ae Scope (E-ELT) and the 25m Giant ESC. Asner tte fstom ets years fom now He fels Magellan Telescope aswell a the mertwould gan aces tothe ESOS thot Rustam astroaemrs who fg Thirty Meter Taeteope to be built arog felsenpes Including the behind theres of the word wuld nun Kea on Hava ery Large Telercoe in Chil and Soest uting seen foe ESO SHFOROMES are aly happy” the et geeration F-ELT, ‘esi struments, ‘ohne new instrument and will" Meailerahip, However, costs {aca tetch x ceasing it areata mre Jeong wee apg as, Study shows women fail to land top grants tessssatinicaw essing = sys ery riser in oleg Lends ese Sypris Commit tithe that shes bop ht ay ‘boven ay, Wnen inthe UKare es seta Lose {Manion at sscuingreseneh cunt! Jeg {tongs ames er soge fh Set fore score ocean Patty esa pene (RUN) te umbels organ or stone {hoon ste eseardh cum arsr,otmonen ‘rena ohne ae ‘lm and stg more ‘toe th gs of 33th unber ot ‘women cling sth rats rps et Home hap ens th ag enol peat ‘hat socsr esr alam ests ve ae 0, capes "aan oreo ‘stat front Nows & Analysis ney Avewcompaterhasedtoa designed 3 ‘ohelptindthe bests tor maces 3 trate epostorcs sad sown publi Tides inthe has boon deve fped by researchers io Germany The en VIRTUS vital under Ents ro explore the behaviour of ihly radonetve mater sie pectic rock formations, wih the maf making cheapo io Jevelop Se build epostovies Cres, ow et alge that thenew software Sotiteve improve sary and ight Adirupt real nboratory ston hiletrwaste ‘Many sents elo that the ‘et wa to dpe of pont ue fad other ng-tved rations teil fo ary them bundeds ‘tmeres underground wih Sweden Sn Finland ving otk soloed ‘es for atonal wate reposts nes eng la one faci i 2035, and lke Sneden, Iisbul' major undergroundtab to teste geology and ecologies ‘Ne uscdst theste. However the development of & rational epostoy in rma has oom mired in controversy. A for ima st selection process ha stl to be setup eventhough expr tory work at he Govleten salt mie Inthe north ofthe county tepan as farback asthe 197s. The ney ‘Asemine mesnie wasse pi fhe 16 an 4 research ty but tres decommishoned fo 1997 str Thine leak thesened tooo te fomplor and eases callape Developed by the Framer Insitute or Factory Operation ad Automation in Magdeburg oper sein cra Intute lor Gsoniooes and Nato ‘aT Resources andthe waste epo8 fowy company DBE Technology, ‘VIRTUS wl atempe to partly ‘ress tissue, The sot Ses detaled model ofspecterock (Gente td tho fd no asim flo to elute bow epostony soa ese psy and chem Sly ofr time. The results of hee “leulation can then be valid totic ped at ‘ble tosecthécraphcs inside a Tenggont MOT pooner fe ‘ile Where rom the GRS, towered who sah head of VIRTUS, Sesoyenka Wnts cout anny te ‘Sonscciee thing dt heat emit he iSimcoed” adestodeeystategpcetoue ‘stearic arena wu ba Sutera” gpinearownding rot eold be amore’ al olga ag a ab ‘Spsinend exp aiosm si th pvtormance of potent tepatres coming te say he sch someones tGnpertres ne mesa ht he toalnaTned cae opti ‘Note VITUS sem wae ssposed the boen completed tng bt wept ce tested wh aching the (oloeel ml wih oe su fSingts abner wae tet ped dali bck "Meare coualimproing the rouge ade il pesca inane in Ore ean ye Wreck Inf he “that tmp beta we Membas of the puoic wil seposiory watchdog MIG belies Info be Shing co cnt vesereh ‘able tese® tn radfonetieswate dip le ‘simulations sayeth experiments carted ou in ote Cindrprowd aboratres continue toproide “sto af suprises” "Cre formations Singageere eyes with anise vohireover —salzaton win my opinon only lime side Eaancea dangerous elt in md 2360" cogs ting ie ipresion projecion Se alyfare* hee syster nin rte Sidebands NSFplks ist female boss Free Cotas teens (0 ate crnaen be Us ete (nite Cl, moreno Staoinpyss tonics ist fret 97 et 0 rata samara Lat Soh sgt eee Scan tours aon ne ‘onantote ht sett Posten et 106 Co thenceven caret seach om 202 eben ‘Socata eet Ca ese an ut pesca Pre Ue Couns ix as a Ieee ond seed ben Pract aned tom Ae ardor asthe magento toe ‘nmr ean sara eno ‘Sat sens ninws on usa ato gar arte 0 “tnt tps one Ingenta odes Sti onan cones ree ‘Tat Pte ascorey ‘hp 0-5 oa sett See Otten sam Sorento po ik ‘tm pingsane or sbanorn, ‘Saat cesontacone nat ta npagtrmone ses nt ‘tomate Pets, eh pstoes Fresno tsa eenennioelgse Sehete teats fst Mas nto nto ‘omspe™ bo ro {tekaenngon note ice Athoncone 287 tee esr a ec aa ~ ‘Stocet nena ae 2h om plore Se ‘non ay ora eps Sasa Sart ie ota Th ae mot ohmctonargnnd Reopens at Se sag. np sate bene, ‘henson am he ita cape News & Analysis Rebirth of the stellarator ‘technology largely abandoned ay plasma physicists is making a comeback and might even be the ‘one to give us commercial fusion energy, as Edwin Cartlldge reports (Ons site near the sity of Alcen- Provence inthe south of ance the ITER fusion resto omy earlag completion. Duc be fn Isbed bythe ey 202 the € 15h "eam aching =the ma om ‘fol eve - wll mk the cla Thomo decade-long ineratont researc eliotn ry an epee the proce tat fac ars by con ining tela tons of i Tons of degiecs usa enormous ‘magnets While no tokamak tate [as ielded ant power output, the SoOdtonne ITER should proce umes ands 19 i epprtr, Finally demensiate that fasion indestaviabesoue oer he ‘ntact, lever, while seems ITER arent reing fom 1 report th ized the experimen man lgement Gee April p67), other ttearchsaia Gorm e ie Ing on diferent Lind of fasion ‘vice, Called Wendstela 7X this ‘machine hasbeen bt st he Nisa Place ont fr Pasmapya Grtaval nett the Be Ses ‘asic nt months been ude fing comming. "The device mt the stand adso¢ TER, weighing at ihe ‘over 730tonne a costing it, Fato not expected to produces ifent quis of fson ene Te should, homever, be abl todo ‘oethig at FER onto Struggle todo operate nt ote Ths ines adeno ‘some w ome ali. Wendlsein 7X is 9 “stelaator” A ype of foo reactor hat pre= ats the tokamak bot which fell tt four after pyc dae fredina ot aca very pood ontining the beat o a eat plssma, Th new Geran machine Then dexene to onercome this obi sing an ere com ‘lex arrangement of magne thal Iniles isianardsesemblea indo slim cemipede ‘Glen Warden of the Low Assos National Laboratory in the US is fonvinced thar Wendelstln 7 Wl ply ital len he pure, Toacasual observes, the cols might appear to have bees randomly twised and cumple. Infact, they have been designed and manufactured tomilimete precion ‘of fusion ences. Part of US tam thatoicdte Germsnpeyst ter the National Compact Salat Evperimentac Pinson asancds 2008, Warden argos hurtaamaks Sretaaliey oererbe economical Trtaionsletsty production Fe 2s att thc aly Alevelop other fusion technologies Tange tellurtrs say re wory Aca Bal” bat wil be" per toopert" than lamas, Wondelntein 7X. has been “designed fm the oa 0 pro ‘ce very speci magnetic fed fontguratins, which meane that scotland the plasma vse! they Surround do not have the le sn le shapes founds hers Fesetor (fe bo opposts). To epee Bn no to have been stony ted ond rumpled: To fact, those col ave teen dale and manaactred 9 Plmetre rection. They (and the standard cis ha a0 apne iat are iden from view by the 18m diameter exyste tat Kepsthemalthesperconicting fempersture, sod which contains myriad pot all shape snd sizes ‘mono and contol the ener ‘rete plas, This eto design and engineer lng shold, all yoo ws iow ‘Wendell? hold plasmas mt Toormilion degees for st Tent a8 Tonga, and at densa east a pet as hose ahleed i equ Seotsived tokamak, "To date, ‘okamalshave ways outperformed ltr at ome sol tas ade ome proto WWendelscin 1-AS pie tx song ‘chievetokamuk standard plasmas ‘ye the poet stent deter Thomas Klinger Wendel AS pert rom 988020 a a partly optimized apne Reaching stony tate ‘The ma sie Wendin 7X wl not be the mixture of deute um and et contained i ny pit eon poe est at ‘sr deterium Ta patna volte 20m wil ao be oo salto Schtve significant slt-beatog ‘According fo Kings, here, the fity wil be large enough topo dtcercalttaternbeextapotd {oped the perormanee tase ested peeping ltr Klinger syetahould be abe to confine he aa fr opto in Usa time =enough tobe bed eniyttesafbugh bead ‘moving the enormous amounts of Sir il ve an vid lis on dk pie tak Inst be aboltl learnt in ‘ter not o dstoy the surround igracnom “Sopprtng tet x top 1OMEW pr square metres {cctcally easble” he syn. You fw le theta whe the Spe Shute centered ihe amosphere, {ndtoamaksdotorbetee San Ssecondas standard. Bat ging Isilsccond na big ste ‘er the neat yea he crostat and pina vessel will be Cac id ind the magnets sched on, ‘th the hroge recto ges the ject ioe ows aa ps iene heated wing ices. ‘Xtsome point in 2018 0307 the plhama should reach is design Ecmperature, confinement time “Although sty small er com- pare the avo TPER =the fost of which bas tpl = Wen Selsin PX han ad sown pce tne deble from a na etnate IF the reVieWers KNOW tem etc Rieerher and for 100 ‘Sttor mors Senin dec soe : St apes tbe revewer dnt bn the inthe work Thee scents evew te WNO MAS WFitteN @ —— suthor for sure, Guessing isnt the same paper je whate not the wok {Stag and bell a peop wi Eoaamaraemame, papertheymay = SiSeiortieeg Se Mtkonkgenestee st pra isonet tl a per Fee eae Pane ainer Prejudge the WOrk —sevewwit erate moe wort he pub ict etc ene ae her {ihe enolic nae te pps frome ono bate eves oo tre comply ded at erly ttetetiof ators Tato mye, ‘Scar god etieatn fort dng ‘tte fone dvs ee ‘ier hg und hse robles ane ‘in Tt see nay ring te creme may meet and char parol peace fo baron he Tennis orate operate stron Cathe ewes eth {ble nt moa oF pa Thee sctet pap heyy fn fbi or hl Single nd review sted Saperstein pr sage nok ant ah ca Ckaaprscstniysfecnbed._ seem ae poco praia we Uoliaatoantyetieauiests cr nec scene pagan cel ese ta cared Teaticanher pete Saeed ok uel nia would. Sabu npc eve dota eerily tckoteg_ the poncal pubics view be langle: aby ei pr such eles SThikiey be manyaetoresemiset dence Whar wuld helen casio ste Sop wold EMAC tahoe ane arya cinmirchane dcr fhe ble. ens Commutation ti UiySiocracy Rey cum toeeaap sla sseataad hopes tet fe et ose kitpetatnonewe nsasee ekiskumenn peaeanstin exes Pr aeeyaforame eel ent Ibeleve ge Snd "Te pci es hol ot and do reonnecigtas’ ptiltem Coe seessuntrminng newts aah mt cin ch wt gun tte Eomsschetedi Roeiadiote wultceaiceiens ivssetmcsoty scandal shana te ind Mette entre ertbation “lou in peste’ share tol pet fvew 1 hope pubes est Teen iets anc rset svrane abd he snr te sary. Cone opie pene Sue bd est ns ot mm fo. onlay respon oo lpn meta Seta fom sealer Ube beng since Topubeperpiinoftista cence Sheed oi myn te eaet lemma ae Siteingbeeinegrens bar fond fr sctnce a Sonic {opening othr: wile Gheing axle tht he malo vbr hon Meelis ee ps my come stata yes aula txceaayemane Tom pbtipmaiing kb tebe tones fo 307 ery ye Pe ingun Nop ca hie eect hough ite. g Revare Cmartnt-a opal rat ota nek ees UR phe at appr rach io Kccpelehonrartsaiaakings neta pet oar conmn ion — i was found that around 6% of Sere aaa ° Comment: Robert P Crease Critical Point Why don’t they listen? Robert P Crease thinks he might azine seme“ mit ormotinaniy SeNarburger uti iirc because know why science has lostits Fhe power of slence doc nor [oy fais ri it i Yequreehaismavie authorities that we suneey wale comes hol tat fo video aon” Ma. political decisions [Strger wrote (sun n Scene and Tech align, mr 200) "Yat rom the standpoint of politicians In mid-September 2001 leters comtan- lacking such fsthand experience, the Ing deadly anthrax spores were mailed to ‘ico sce is but on among ay ever new gence an wo US bens {oles amoung fo be herd For them, aero aac ha kd fv people siece is. socal phenomenon wim hd injored moe than a dozen eters A Intrinse authontatve force which hy {opel ines o peesident George Bish heather wen inertia ‘skedhisthensclenc advise JohnH Mar tryst ia seit tha operates urger Il howto estrlize the spores on Sindee the ule a sting thrid mail Marge Thisebervationelansthe waxing and ‘Somened team of scents, wh ee waning of sciences authority in poles. Sprihacarsulp eaeuched commen. qmendziestcaniosmpaaiganix, When selene mothe dramatic, cially ‘von based on radiating the mal ih Communicated breakthrovehs, thelr ‘Skeroneanse Recomed foe atiumph tyothers Therearthree Weberstdsra- Suhr shoot up in fallow ears Wea ‘tsclnoe aplcation fo the American chon ena gal andcharinmate. they dom, tends te decline That ‘atonal tte “Tradonal author, Weber wrote, is fr lstance lsc had such pllcal But when US Posal Service officals med inst! in he sanyo ge pumes ashe Second Word Wat Care Implemented the method to kllandrae_ i eln and powers” Ths s the author Steing scence’ polite authori a8 Dutpresee themail-thesletron beam 9 postessed by village elders. Legal, charismatic aso suggest that te onl Way mtsome bce 9 ar Surraed, sly the kori fa urcancy gar more sony mem MarburperimestiatdHefauadargor: —Is grounded in-acblie nthe legae_ government eto improve the charms o ‘hme cas ad secon guessed the iy of enacted rules andthe ght of hose their cling, For the reason, Marburger SSontae The ffialsbadressoncdtac- cevted fo autor under sich rls to. conta, Sacence must cola js- ‘tstesaidthe ight radon done obit commands” Charmi authority iy tue, explin set, and poseitinc thedeathsporeswass,then 2x war suey iepowewed by tho who are "omer through fs eharsmatcpracttlonets (0 ‘fer! When Marburger ordered the dose tsordinaryandtctedsendonedwih_ gin noes on social vets Far a. Salsache metre,” Supa pean spe Gy Bed more peop ihe Brian Cox Marburg wbodiedin201,liediocite aly exejtnal powers oc quale snd Ni deGrasse Ison thivepioe Se areainely benign ane Dicutosnanover ine charismatic ‘ef potently dsastous behaiout",uthortyeques peso reiqveton and Thea pot “nly the tndeney of goverment Of ceestonal prot of exceptional powers But think ter fourth pose source ‘Snirtalterorignorescentiicudvie-His ‘ach ax an ait to perform miracles of ofsuthrky that tcl tat whisk ave oreotmoreamagingeramplsincloded cone secrets ofatare Weber called lapewith Weber'thirdypewithot iat the Bush administration iim in 2002,

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