Ui eee Bynes Parner ne nec Time crystals SURO eM EES RMU 2Moms sgt Be orgpege-0 Quanta Frontiers Nanoplsescolectinplntioots«Magnatiaopsi a bd navgsion «Fistor donated meoote recovery ‘hiserwaves asappearcesatotne Sn «Ales sen blasmaceavel News & Analysis 8 ‘Seance eats tote Russian asin f Ves the bal responsathe desrocton of pyses sue Kh a th impactonone PD stent om te court tet» ors ter Uschiraltatie + China overaesUSinctaton met ‘slpansufrssetbacints plastid ematoal Linear Calder «omingoutcanesutenmorpubestene Comment 15 ise inne ‘Transactions 16 Swpeenltinir ames uckon Forum 7 The problem wt enenabe oor Ebnaras, Pe Dobson ‘ndGarOnen Lateral Thoughts 48 Walangon tb oon ob Horck {ogee ay ‘eke eshincoy ong eran eso chromates eS 19-22 Contents: April 2022 ‘nagar eas Unedronss eels Features ‘The laser physicist unlocking navigation technology 19 ‘ar-nining star ap founder speaks Laura Hizot aout gong up nat academic ensonmen unchig business ander opesforbuldngawatacadngcompony Time crystals: the search for ‘anew phase of matter 24 Google Quantin As Param Roshan sete te chatengsin sinulstigte dusie fom fmaterthatisa mera ung the companys Syeamarequatum process: Letting demons do the teaching aL tet eas explains how hese tag ergs are ound ‘trougovtsclnce ands huranitas ale esenglslosons abautererrnigtomentopytoempaty Reviews 36 ‘Ant ofnenosstoce Jess Wade Racing svete planet Dna este Ploy Careers aL Usps potentinventons Katherine Brown «Aske soybigt tart Weide Recruitment 43 Multimedia Listen ibe roses eats Bengtanecina mace ousterSeen and heard Its extemely wonying om Dato net Cosette ‘muse Lute te Oar Dimon sae wee tte Imrsp att dons a reer ‘eur om aoe he wo hp Bartha waste mont ona em fLo%4? vaste doghonse sl paced on some ate rans together nth sn oange dog bow The tha apie price of 300000, a though twee ora ary $410. hat sl potty enh ‘Seperate ale 44100. that alo Host tw years of myife Space tle-soap tena ese nmin oh Doyou tenrber the $0 dress festaring ‘hepatter that adorned he paracte SENASA’ Pescerane Rover when durassierace Inde om Maren 0219 Well NASI Could theJamaican rine Usin Bott next apare mision-the Janes Webb Innebeaten 0kgdinosirina ibm Space fescope OWST).-has ao ‘Qin es proba sors question eave inpizedan amin ary ot merchandise, ondeteddbout before, bt Settee, Maly Peeplen anomie atthe figs rom the University o Tsedoin Space Teescope Ssence Ins ook Uerstyoflenesce ted tw Maret isin Faby. 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The 66 lots included ‘with details of what you might be able sendcersogmsnmnncnpene iStieinette mens Lint Sepetnchavaconeroctrooch MT arm: ein ee tet bis UK's most coveted rock after itwas seen in Scotland —in the Cairngorns and acute sky oer te Casall own. Upper Loch fridon cold een gve Weare atan amazing time in history Tisoll oracoot$30240whie sence yaraglinpe athe Aurora Boreae MarelCaeneeoralpaisepyacat 8 agment etched S106, anther Milt offer adie Lo casere You Pepttipectdperet ley Hecnunder the hammer wasn meteorite have the most “epi experince when Tiowoteeedcotstncedte —TMLIMApHI20(Screted an Iembolesatgaring which ncnde wrapping up Intbentdiedtinroaladoghousein wart, goon moons nigh an sing ‘Agus areas, Costa Ris Hareaidemaarobigh rch preserve your ark ‘German shepferdnamed Roky. suvred_aption Millard Came up the Tstin lunharved. Thekennelstiing meteor, partnership wih th UK er manufacturer which s 10% vee wih “uso crus” Saguar Land Rover lous ott Thu agude pice of 40000-60000 batinYehices ae obwouty sli theendwent oredipoining 21240,” htdyscsinet Stance pe ye ‘eomig somata mthode a Blowing egre bean ise nese snd stot oanber Pron yist 3Frontiers Plant roots amass nanoplastics, finds study Pht accumulate maint nthe foot ef plan =the han iat hots ooording to 3 new tech ee tho as ake Sp plasi naopartes fom the ‘oil The veh used fo tice the manopatics moles mci iowa nti shelton thoremarchr ho Seveloped ay {conden wy nae the iteration beter anol tics and plans (Vane Nlanarech thrid ses-1-0i00 ‘anoplsics ae thought fo be taut ie as hey ate ao can peetats ell membranes, plants in ay ye ett tectlte le hn ow hse rier aecomolate and move ‘row he pinto stractre. Whe Inny ade have investigated the ‘Rohl pono earth ‘Tewari nan Psi the mechani or pak Int transoction of nanoplales ‘rma ses houh ag ee pln autres ema por undcoe. 1ST reac won, esarchere ely Ynuning uote Chinese dey Sens ed we F ecsope lace a wes, (0a tp 200umedlaneor poajrene arts doped with europim Bilan eteasoate Popa fone parla inten ng {only aed both in food pack Spingand ea nlcondone' to atl Saartecsmahepihen ‘enn Kimber dees {Soxpteiers ona dpe tigate water Liv tnd cleagues pew die ieace snd eat te arom ‘Sars angi sandy ao Tey Sled the doped poiene ‘Bsn he pans ang he venom o icy oe puma matsp AS Eoptm ger Semoatand does sot rr cor in plans, cy ‘Sel thay Gsteced epescte + fansatane ate Sint tnin Dat tht the plant oo up. “he eam als revealed chat olstyrene-euplum particles ‘Sette mani the ots the ‘nw uarspert othe soos Stes inn for $0008 pot Fone partes err of expat. Wie Pejenborg a esearner a eiden Univers a the Nett Tands ho was imotedin the ty, pli at ding more last {he roots than th soos means hat ‘nyt umber of prises nd Unde ep fthe plats *The researchers now (pla tO aan the senay oe ae ng and detection methods, “We teed to careful monitor potential mtn leaching rom the part Cdevinthesyseme eesti eto the complex environmental cond. tons uel dae to the presence ‘fw wide nbmber of miroors fem team member Lisaen i toi ee Wi Magnetic ‘stop sign’ helps songbirds return to their breeding sites Migrating birds use information txtacted fom he Each mage field to target the sme breeding rounds yes after year thanks ‘hot einato ang ating as psig tha they have reached destination. ‘This concla ‘on, based on ne analysis of data ‘tained aching metal as {he lee of ind an them tacking bodyottrowedgeabouttic-baed vation im migratory annals (Scences7s 440, “Although fsearchers have gat cd lot of evidence that some ‘Specks of ids ne the Ear ma neti fild to navigate, the precse pecans ot fall undetod, Some thauries invoke an nerd Sick ad compas” vector sytem ‘expan how bus can recor to therbrceuing rounds wthestrae ‘hry press, bt hw thy know Sshenandwheretsto hasta {mystery To examine this se, reser inthe UK and Germany ‘4 turned toa longterm experiment bv Eurasia reed warbiere lor ‘Shale secs). Dese ir ty songhirde fy arose Sabra tach eat spend the summee in rope, a tween te yea 1940 mad S08 more tha 1710 of them Sere"nge oa esearches10 omitor her movements ener ‘ears agegengopicl ares “The team aan apes that vate rate ‘ragnetcineiation apa ee (the degree ai between he Farts magnatiGeldandissutace hefoe sein fa the our} Later hey until ara umigu coordinate eng them they hive IF seached heir brostingste- The wr ‘esse the problem of diferent Jceations crate pla having the ‘me ciation soe y stoping st theft pace where they eacounter AK aM loan, acoding “nem tat the Farts magnetic ‘ld in given location changes sigh coor tenet ie Character sn dial ds treodingstewll exist nasomewtat thee locaton one return i. The researchers acknowledge that ‘hese magnetic varitons need be considered, “Nonetheless, we trie that oor dings provid en ‘ence foram unconventional esha ‘im of lng-astance navigation, our bin ds and migratory an ‘a ore general thy condeFrontiors im Drones used to recover meteorite rocks Scan in Western Asti hve Fang of qspmentnctoding scan arid ot the et esoery ofan Fringe sbicmantrtc atl ‘of'dronee and mackine-earning techniques The finding sould pave learnings the wa for more alto be lest tem tt for eto tha they nd stadia, helping scientists Hhad placed ona dred-out Ihab Explore the make-op a the aver. Bs 2) is ce The nr of, ‘18 belt tween Mars an Tpier Robert Giron athe Univer (arxacoansiag). Sewira looked Uke agains the atl lnd-" California Bins, ys the Cun “The diconery wat made after a stewed sespesingasoured for ine flex haste t-hopcap through bright meteor fireball was spotted owustom Camstoneatesnce ented the discovery of Tey fallen InAprilstyear yeanecasbrong- Grinusenty before anther, stl, drone was. cio rage As lehogy Ingiothe Australian Desert reball tom wnldnne —sentforaloe lok tingwonet_ becomes cheaper td ore edly Nework Following exmination of aime” thepoteminapaceroks toa the_ avaible it canbe more sect thefirebul researchers determined. anigbleae researchers o examine them tote to other didlo roupswsh {hat meteorites could have been stogurta! carefully Eventsly the list was_ingto peor such st, nes Seattred in an ares near to Kybo sprawled down to jot oor object, Inge oealreorery omctartes Statonia Western Astrain Atm ‘hich the team nspectedon fo. wade hese, wes thea deployed tothe predicts “Among thom asthe Mgmetsor. "More recovered space rocks — “stew eld tobepia searing the it "There were about IU seconds whose orbit and thettore orn aren ing wo rome. whoreTdinvetcetandacededte can he determined bests ‘One drone photographs swathes luis tardioktocota flowed. falls have been detected byw othe landreape mth high prompt by about two minutes of plecameras~means ote dats to. Feslution camer Is images wee ‘reuitg” says Seamus Anderson, "Overtne thismeanewe arabe then loaded onto computer ra hoe the Carin Unersty study. bul yp. petre of whic eer hing neh learning algorithm Enyanasuegeststhe meteorite. full re sending rocks Earth {hat had been ened fo foo for maybe chonartetype meteorte_ nd ukimatly the Smmposton nd ‘ius objets yng othe grown Whose pst ota took farbyond_ strstr othe stroll ‘Theteamalopacednown eter: Mars towards the obit of Jupiter. says Martin Suttle 4 meteoric sespecimensinview ofthe dons ‘Thetemisnow panningtoctamias expert the Uk Open Uaieriy that he ter couse what hae ‘espace wekscompestion with weer Whistler waves shown to disappear close to the Sun Jemima SN, ee mm === Tete em ee eearee = Saitieomeacae lnsrstning the py wean fsa sae wae Montene Son tow ecto ht reset {he sin oper atosper ren, tye gentyasected cece sgt xe ter ne an ow scethatitcewmey etapa ante sarane Srna timp ‘Souter coomendbonbest_ leases ‘ats cares sated ah apie spa ZFrontiors Al keeps fusion plasma in check Areinforcementeaming algorithm has managed to manipulate and control a high-temperature plasma ina tokamak. Edwin Cartlidge reports Artifical inteigence (AD ean help ‘ona the diate process con fining a altraer plasma within ‘collaboration between pyc fndcomputersclentiss, wba used technique Known a ventorcemest learning io operate the genetic Sonia tokamak The work could Stable mare speedy development “treactore with note gometrics (at 034). "Tokamaks ae doughnutshaped chanbers designed to produce nergy by fosing ight meal athe form of» plasma. The nueel are fated to fundreds of millions of ogres to overcome thelr mutual repulsion, wl te pls fhe Inpluce ung tbe strom asec: kings Ta nsw theplasma esa from he camber ‘ols were wal eerie ose Tear and damage th tokamak “One aim of fasion seat sto sunderstand how the spatial dt Bt a's plasma the fama ham ifuenees is stabi and Spatial cotineren Ts ak ompisated by the ned to desi ‘Cn eee scone foreach onfgeration so that the magnets sn he tamed ia response To the plasmas highly nonlinear Beha foure The’ design process usually Involves eating amit set of coll uerents ad yolape, thn ‘ising 2 combination of plasma ecumstrection algosthms and ‘edbock controle toast the ‘eitages and wh them the mag ‘ot field Theses effective Sonal ever plasa’s vera ad ‘adil postions axel oscuro, ‘tony wnsignfcnt fort Srna Googies Londons DeepMind Sablay andthe Ecole Popes nigue Feds SeLassanne (EPFL) inSwitesand swapped these al ‘le foedace conto for sigle ‘onto bese on enforcement lenin. hiv slgoidmisa fom of ‘machine ening thats designed to eve at an optimum set of output ‘sy ating the weights odes instep fashion, ‘ ata Irtiagnce Th this case, the algorithmic fet vals of Tong it of plasma ‘rameters ~inelaing numerous uta dimensions lee eur rents mapate es witha te tera chamber. After procesing these inp sing several ayers of odes sues outputs earespond Ing to te wotge levels on exch of the gnc. Once the mapas ae justed and the new eeback or fenvore received the ele starts ‘pn bing repeated some 10000 tne second "his process rls ona compu tational objet known a rear ‘ined, which compres the mess ted and target vals ofthe plasms pacametor teach tops con Eines the dagrtysmongal para: erent asngle value I vale ‘stermines how great “ewara the agen seccves for gting oer tothe desired vives Comverse if {heplasma rates ni the cher sribtiengen ecenesa penalty and The proses ops. "Working ut this reward fune tion the fit stage of setng up a new relforeemeatlaring based ‘Shi ach neon so: ‘eapondet aspect cont Sri Net he apt iy ‘inte tama oh mast est "ay desebe to plas hanging ‘Sapo and cert wl ing Sout dean ep Tearing process manage ort alte agentvopimized conta ‘home sted ona ea tama ‘fo carry out the experimental stage of the work the collabora: tio rnd tothe EPFL Vara F cctgraton Tolar. aly onal feedback comollerato ete sndrmsnsinee pase nal [tne Ara certain preagied tine, {hey swtched to tele own conta ‘home, adjusting 1 separate mag ‘vials fotune the pss hat {ended wp withthe Sorrect shape Sorrel kepingtbeacual neon wig aed “The resereerthensbowed they couldteep cata onthe lass ‘treat and spe = with deviations Sim ore thats ow percent fom the intended valves = while make ing the hind of changes needed for ul plasma deine Thy were tk able maniplate the plas foto a vaity af shapes, ncn tesla to hat proposed forthe ITER aco elg but in Fence, ‘Sd anther known a snomflks onguation that helps to spreads {okamaks het ané partie exaust toner a lngr surface. La adton, Uy showed was pol to sat ‘up two separate plas within the ‘tne toma, whic they 5 Fis step to sly more avanced lao coarguatons “Theresareersaythatheienew [Albus scheme could inprove tokamak performance, with is fperended nature pethape allow Ite pone tpt tobe maximized ‘The techology mht ls ead 10 owe eat designs allowing the Join optimization of several device ferameters ceding plums ‘Other scents ware thatthe sito ed torn the A gent tilt tobe improved etre the Technigue fr more widely adopted “According to Karel van e Place ‘tthe Dut Ista for Funda ‘ental ery Heer ‘Slaton wil ince dete physics Se arbulence and magnetar ‘Sami eis also no lea Bow the new approshean be spied wo {shamiatedonnaecoaictrs rather tha copper cas, given hit the former introduce time delays ‘when eguaing cure,Physics community condemns Russia ‘The Russian invasion of Ukraine has been met with an unprecedented response from the international scientific community, which wil have far-reaching repercussions for science. Michael Banks investigates Despite Resin ops hovering on {he Ukrainian border formes he Russie vation of Okan hich open inthe hous of 24 Fe ya tll mt wih ook by the {nkcnational community, Weeks of bombardment and bloke con {ollored togetiersitharetence "srilionstedthersapesotwar "The worknide rrpoms was Swill sri econo ston Imposed ‘On Rest snd many international ‘impanies pling opeatons rom thecouny "There wae aso an unprecedented reaction from the imersational ‘ict communis, wits ay pinay ne oii eu For on) ad funding agencies ‘oking thes fous overt prolonged llc that has aleady mated Rasa Rad related a open ete ‘"parsheounty” and that sation {o'doraate Ulrsine. The uprost tated for an “imaalate hal ‘robles in farther “eluralapd fiom wience, however, bogen fom tthe operon agaist Ukratne Techolopical degradation” af te the Rusan sientfic community sting that Rusa bed “doomed ‘Sy the yar representing etl Witinfows of tbe lason, il to internation lation It ‘top to nowbee ‘Slennte and tclence witere In armed that Russa kedecoming The ltr, which nso demanded onsiisen20z2 o Seay Severo 3 Ingen by pes ate etn Seco rane portato tomer och 2 ‘enng sac cana main bag Instat es nd eco, he ‘Shes nedesucti ofan oleto ‘shay ae ok ‘iin ben st ae ‘hace be sue qc bce ener ‘easing can rio temo Th St Nac epson specte ye th tte py mrt finan ote it prs ss oretin lady tr tre able Sao Newer Saree sie ‘emg pret to es be ‘tls ghesesutoc te soe Tans 10 see Cause feet! Begunce 2 Ronan, pai pect Phos wth on st gery LN fed mcr Te Senten (Gontael toon. tires aces sateen ewes conn msec nso Souinasa algae eos sist pts and gsm aos bettie hing nessa a ea ane easton Seay Soc of Urabe ‘esedjeisaeoponst anette Pyscndes e st sietins acme atone Sone negate ‘itso, rutne bu 2015 he aor Aga Nsorl Labora nthe Powe Pt ated tesa oun ste es le Users er acs aroans 100Ne doce hose pawe st awn sear uns fic pena toed (ata warm artngentata pose noosto Than who unt ancora was tla te ‘tive sce aosenb fa wore onstogewanan Febaayeaisngs eaters po Ruin ces ase tok lade eects 208 vanin205 epee posed acetate Cot nacea com is es tro Mas IRenn tong span chara exert its ‘ear tt a tl ol en oleate ond nas Tremisteshtcoucrbe lumens Ga ano han etn powrtote awl soesnide News & Analysi “respect forthe sovereignty and terol intgriy ofthe Ukrin- the Independent Rotsun selene tows ate TVA. Iwas later Poted elsewhere after DVNawk ‘ras banned flowing he increas. Ingly hose environment that oon emerged in Rosin oe pki itt wn sd wc pe eer hadbensignety almost 00 peo ple indi tbe codensed-mater Pliyslelst Konstantin Novoselov from the Uaerty of Manchest, ‘notre he 210 Nobel Prise for Pryses with Andre Gel fr their ‘workon graphene. ‘Mikhail Gago, condensed mater tort rom he ale et fate ia St Peteaburs, who aso Send te ete, tod ges Wont ‘hat persona, cura and scete tes between people in Ukraine rman oi. ‘hou ep oform aba or ego. the army shoal eee coatis Weal need ia pouetl so. tion othe ont ‘An international response soon followed On March ore than 13) Nobel invests isda declaration falling or peace nthe wake o the Sap ies fear wens that Russian prendent Vladimir Pain made ddring a TV address (0027 Februar. Poiniag out hat the discovery af ude ison had lea tothe construction of macleat seapony tbe desaraton stated that “Npetecrrentvemehs te pen Fee humans alto wie ut ua Culiztionsaed must therefore reverb ne “The laretes, wo nuded Gin and other vst suet as Former US presidental sstnes avrser fd busines eters ous een tile Reowtedge and technologies fesponuiby and with avarenest for thet longterin consequences. Only inthis way can human ev eatin cantinse fo develop in = the Earth yt in the fur, Since signed ty more than 200 laureates the eter ends by cling ‘onPutin to respect the agreements ter inertial ato eal is sd ss ost eis Physies and astronomy societies worldwi ena and arte tents cc ea whi ita plein sue Tekst Pes heh ables Pes ers aso conned Rss eos. We "goof aner tans ised attest Conder sla mported ten ‘one wich seb oso af ar aos naan vitor aya ay Shes ot Acad af Sos ate at inspite, oe od ‘oman, wh poe use zadome eer and opens soetcoshnge sestopertor Inaros be oan Socety (cy aang emir sis mn, ‘Stager te one ene coment ad Ses wating sont been to eunenromag nar ptt tse ‘coenanun ony aoe hess ‘impos inp ne esepesintte geret ante Sa mnths he xpress horror at invasion a fonerasaboatelngact ote were ‘reste say wih be Ua sce ommunty APS eal fr at ses 2 pct estothe cr hse war enema ft ner aso emmy ns ht Hatem ger Der an Deb nape — Porro een enc soet o ‘emus sect Uae epee ne ragn The oy Stennis ‘pressed erp ree tg many mse Uae awl reuse ipatng orn sms ore ‘apenas hag tse ssait_ Rete ware wth goon oars an Suldsapen ot ocinssspansed Intemational decisions ‘Thera of sanction from Barope andthe US impose following the Jimasonof kai haesread h Inge repercusions lost jectsad colorations Gerady Federal Minty of Education atl ‘Resear (BMBF) cook im ine within he st week ofthe conte, Tosinting that wou top al fence undresereclisorton with ‘pealieseaisecoloratinsih at blog corey rm, ‘One ofthe carats hs been {ROSITA “an Xray survey ins en desioned and bull the Max [Binet Inte for Pxtraterentr Paice (PE) in Garching wc was put ato “safe mode As one of {wo instruments aboard the Ger Iman-Russian Speerum-Rocntaen- ‘Gama Speke) Ket wee telescope, eROSITA I designed 19 sec 10000 tic ster an thereby conten the properties ot acento and da ener See tnt atittatogrin Genmnyner: to allowed to remove their ame from publications that included Roman e-anthor white there was {fer rowing eal for oor fo ‘epinboycoting Ruban sent Daysfolowingthe German more, te European Commission sus: pended it co-operation with Rs ontract nor any new agreements” ‘with Russian oraniations within the eStbn Horizon Europe pro- ium and tht it ws spending Payments to Resin entities unde Exiting once “Al ngsng Se being reviwed the statement oted UK Research and Innonte tin the umbrella oganzation for the URS seven reenrh ounce = bo paused al rant pment for Projects noling Russian partner The cation of Rata eed ately die attention tothe CERN, partle-pysies Tab whieh must Blince the sanctions Imposed by member states while maintain Ing colabortions inthe name of ence for pene sind been ‘suded“beerer* surat the sb {193 ant wa abe to sttend council tings ut ot ake [putin decison making Ons March, however, CERN cou! ook the ‘il topo pending Ras ‘Sheer elton Ten ofa tae spent) CERNS 23 meaNews & Analysis cede i Resin ina of Roars, fr he onging safe Ouro Spice Staton “the ewexporteon: Matal TER ‘measures wil cotaae tly ‘Us Russa cuspacco-opoatio” [NASA said n'a statement. “No anges re planned tthe agency's apport for ongoing in-orbit and UUtnne and critzd the tae near Belay whichis men ett but at hada oo-operation ‘geemeat” wih CERN sine 1994 Sohn Elis, a particle physiist from King’s College London, who (CERN sid he ssnonncsmen fad ‘omeasavrlt+ There were fears that eounel would went fo tera teal alaboration with Resa Inaitues andor all Rossane, and thir canger mas been averted De told Pstes Wor wit spent Ras ont Thais the TER experimental son ‘eactorwbihseureny gb Inadrace, France spokes Soe for TER ld Pues ord tat they id not Kom what effect the ‘ree wl ave on he ITER pro jest, dnt Rona ering 9 of octsions the spokespesin sa “Ourhopetsthat ai TER embers ‘ilremain commited to collabora tion on our shared ison of shared future ~ whieh ineindee making fin poner area naa ‘allmted ous of exergy etadataion spect te, incling a pinto ae ‘The freezing of collaborations ttwcen themes and Rs likly {o havea Tonge fmpact in space, ‘whore Ross workswth the US and NAgh anid i wat contizulog 6 ‘work with al neeational parte, Incdingthe Russkn Space Agen inthe area oflaunches” Despair and hope for Ukrainian science ‘his personal erspectne was tna te nme ftermath ‘lve oss oain of Urey Vly bus (ete, ‘i= aUlralan mo dent othe Davy of barat ‘Situny besa a stadt ott Pye ard enter ts 0a ctr han teow 272 ‘hago mcg tb nent eth set ‘Steam we avoaemo rue) nt nro eerste ‘iti ace winter Spensinnet neste tomnetsosescasiooinee ne Stato arin apn se. heres han stu meh pte inne ‘smart tis oe wos Nesp se ‘ene ures re me my. [Rowton mOsurentrtgesanedomenscntmng sighs puna cous bore wd gyn ate ost atane od oat ete we cre, Test coy after ctl ean ose expe wee screvatngn rts ngtaton Uses ‘home| rot omer snares as 0 Bu thre haenready been signs oftictlon ia Russ elation Sth EaropeapdieUS. Roscostos “hector ty Rogozi, or ena teat tooe a meatured tine, fog on Twitter that "NASA con firmed is willingness to continue Hale sd that "we continue {analyse the now US sanctions o deal our response” Later, how ‘et, Rogorin announced tha the ssian space ageney would be vwidraing its techneal person crew fom Thiery Breton, the European nlo'sommistoner {or space, {ned that the devon by Roscoe ‘ce would have "no consequences fan the cotiuty and quality” of {he BU Gallo global navigation ‘Seite stem oF the Copernicus "Ni does hs deo pt the Co tied development a these le fMmctuer atk" Breton added. We are ready to act decsvely, together wth the meer states, protects eral inasevtares 10 develop Aran 6nd Vor. C10 mute Europe step stonony Several European-ed missions thataresehedsedtnbelanehed in ener stay acest iy commteato Wadtesecueletinme: Ghtoston Reet hee, ierton, hen jt mo tess onarshaed Reet ene Von Agata) pm bid Sundin Sialcat Sete ents San, ESA sid tht the lac of Bichtaras now "ery ually happeaisyear ander supetaed ‘work toward nunch ene Given that te oa dynamics of Earth Sind Mire mean hataunch wine ‘nly open for hor period every woes the msn snow any toed of nt 202 atthe carlist, ‘Another potential casualty is ESA S001 Euclid mission which vas expected to takeoff n'a Ros San Soyuz spacecraft in 203 rom Kuro in French Guiana Els ‘Soignd a explore dark ener telescope camer at pecs clrtoplotasD map efte dst. ‘ionotmoethan tobi gl 'As Phys Mord wet wo press ido appear tat the ivason of Ureine wl be ity reversed or fet, escemed lly th the i ation i Uaioe would tke aay ‘months =i not years =f reso Many Scientists, bowers were bop ing that peace wil somehow win fut As the Resian open eter rnc by thowsnde of eaters ‘whim te cnet i aston oma mabe ayn cher bases ero he wes see. Nera pews pt, le oa Denim tsa cman ret eal ‘ian yao “unr 2 eb sata vt beam. ox pa iben mpad ans W weoe oo ‘ot ngy shorten sean osjng sy ote ot Tian case sy stout ebe atats ad angy tes beset Anny ster sed xectng wm ces nd ‘eserves mes aed sg ach {ourswonowsewosegglvans sae nd sees so) ‘eomonsos ne hashing hae a gy po oh wa sxcnapngaedaescemae oonmuny rte ario soes Segd ‘Seetcatnrsrs ithe atlases as ni ‘tr a arth Epa omy sae ans eae Senet toe segsoe US Department of Justice reframes controversial China Initiative {ie Wan cn a as “tuts ning at ets ron onandel fu tenon twat he estan te ast Indien thst na ‘evar on sehr our coy Silent fag eens ‘roma ena wl {hatin tenting segue Sich me ee a (Gon has eens itnascnowsedtbaltathemore nue spd (ee {tant tmectapeceietfende Cesena athe Den dees feserchcomectns wih Chnse‘earachnsbose_ beat Os tonal Scary ‘verte Mostt ose caerbe—‘ecaredtosar Dion repens ths Uornniecen Chalet ie fete president and execetv deta of rine 200 promient ‘Sotindngthtepiy and Rtacog sce, eet US ponent trmparay teratoma China overtakes the US in terms of research quality, finds study “The gully of Cana stot Ting ilnd ty diferent conse’ exec repeat output ened tat of acts ua. Ty fund vat 7 of the OS 200 hat ancoring ‘recrowin fap wit Chinese authors wee toa new analy resort ‘eisinwraot__ Inthe top montsted artis a {heUS wc oun China J ermmyet” 20Sconparedwith papers i lend overtaken the Bora Steno with US stor ean Union inte of esearch smeouyoates’ "Wagner bellows that China's Sie tp 01s ‘esomtr sally ring slau iapact “Chin tot seach opt as ‘emorqanua, Getoits lrg tevestents zon ai nog ey at insets eee {fore hatben wise belt thie itanocare a he mobi tha ihe “gual jee ty he OME iy of ten and schol Sh ‘umber otatns paper retaive top ravi dan China dos sth pois ont tat government ‘Nfinol thigh av otber comics Athogh thi weighting pace Felgen ein aes t ‘Acomon teste af salons materstewben compere ppt esac "We nnd oak ost Teearth qualiy ihe percentage (rom ferent lds, Calne ‘Seated atararace bt ‘tt papers appearing inthe op Wagar of Oho Site’ Univer, ‘tone ofa Wane Ieotthe matted pepe gb. mptstul ita {oi Pes Wor “Chaat no ay Since Caton practices ry compute ove cath ont fperning tthe otc newt ‘eiyscrs dpe, revere pots aerentconties nthe ‘Brera her oan nling Tngpealyweigateciaion ns eit in Zhang of Wan Unter {SCS ands number f Boop St papes coring th lis, y ant Lact Leydsdort ofthe ans, Japan ad South Rea” le smarng ot can Uo fran, Yas Meta cng ‘icoupat'When comparing el anaipcl Gaon contained in cn xp now wie no srphed cation Gta tho OS has the dations Web of Science and Inara nope Tpherpersmapscfrsearhinthe ned ths melted a oan Cat etd 2 uSetback for linear collider plans Prospects forthe Intemational Linear Colder in Japan are on hold as panel calls for project tobe re-evaluated. Michael Banks reports ‘nob (Sb feteratonal Li tr Calder (ILC) Span mse ‘tate he plans ase the ‘question ot counuy bong the ‘Proposed net generation particle Eider That i he tk meseage {ocmerge ftom » panel of senior Fame fc in hve a thet Tey cosdide ats 100 il fo apa fo proceed towards ‘Somtructon ofthe IL. and insted ‘altor ter esearch an intron tonal oppor twnrds the poet Fire mooted well vera decade ‘Hadron Collider (LHC) at the CERN partice-pysies lab near Gener the ILC” but would Sceclrte and smash together ee= trons with positron to 0d the Higgs boron and other parties in pretecdcal Colones ties Per wb machen thatarecarsedouttthe LHC. The TLE fvevlume technical design report was pulled in June 2013 tinea 30m donglinen eo Tier operating around SOV. "Tint pt pes Temechivewihasietathe eaaka "ein abot 40 knot af TAs ‘hose as ote locaton Bat with tle sopport for the sgonthend from the fapanese gov ‘enmen, ny 017 pyres Hoke Pans toreduethe ILC energy BS0GeV "an encrysimedto sty ‘sconeredin 200 atthe HE. This Incudedshorening helena afte ‘proposal and eventvally {0 ener ‘itot around {TeV Yetl0 2019 an Independent committee a the Se ce Counc of pan (SCS) fled font te LC hconaratonin fot ye nave enough intersional Icing The Japanese government thn lid out sondition that the ILC should be more wide sp Ported the Japanese itera ‘This would ely favave, for ‘elaunatiea cexumpl! the TLC eg nloded Ueto as Thanet road map of luge sieace osuiy nema, ProeetsputogetherbyJopans Min. bs me Fy of Edveton, Cultre Spots, deem 2012 Snes an Tesholony NEXT), stRae ‘hee cous fo spor the po Jeet Following tat move, offi tke KEK particle-ppsies lb Began negotiations on cost-sharing trangemens for 2 "preparatory Inbratory forthe ILC that wold Sl enincring desig neded lor Poss stalled 1 8-puge plan forthe LE pres fm alo stbmted report eps. Tove moves tested in MEXT Giavening a commitee in July Stet that wae eked wo evaluate the uiplted developments On 14 Fe th th panelepre ios ‘Whlerecogizng the" arademicni cane of partie py sod the Inportance atthe esearchactves, Infding tht of Higgs factory he pel aye prematare {gether ab pse the tear his wld need to bec Dstwthancoreniont ito Rete. ope sa coi hat ay provide Stile dene ee stich bite ier stoi mo nee pon the dean esa ec pl bata searaine to eprch ee Tt eco Sastasproget aden po fom Sidr plese hate Feu Cacr Caer FCC) =n itonstcmfsene oer at soul CERN in key technologies towards «next faci sede by “rer ‘eluting incetnal eo itor tong inert Lttisrelae ryt een owing te HUE ete li meee the pa oe NShniclccar ig ty ‘cor the progres agen ihe ec ten ty KER th theTapyes TL commen Importer technlogeal nd cag reer adopt i cr Torttsand Sete ection istnercaleaonotte LC RER lin satenenNows & Analysis Looking sowhore John Ele from King’ College London sys that she exp refer fence tothe FCC inthe panel ee fmmendstans "wand ike» tack hase tagating Elis ds that {he panels Teeommendatios are {nine with previous reviews that nto the ILC community had nat flpe enough tine up ond se ‘ike support within pan or hae Sopgest the ILC intresting, but ‘dvs to find another way of doing {he pss by collaborating wt the FOC," ds Els Yet Hitoshi Murayama from the an Iie forthe Mathematics an Pigs ofthe Unies Toyo ies rd aie EXT certllyunfortuat’ st ll ‘adnows (KEK managsnentisot- isto sequen rom MERT Divers ae ictson Ouratenton to cary gu key development wor shouldnow be Toa dot mt ofr oe LC ore housed yeah which maybe interpreted as ontnyngto Tirta approval ofthe ILC a 8 find vostfor whale by some proponents” adds Mineo cetiger ‘Marsa. "As long ste teh ‘gy deelopmeat does not cary the elsewhere in fametl Corspesty teste inapan, theward they supprt the acy.” Some renin snconvinced Pa. fide pepsin! Bron Poser from) TLCY Global Design Eton, rises the prospee that the TLC may ever be bl in Japan. Hesays the MEXT review tafement ieery ‘Sisppoinng” not omy besa nea etayngthe 1b de {Dh wey the dees a reached "ts apparent tha some members cof the comune didnt approach tele task with the openmest of mind and bei n evidence-based ‘onclasions that one mou expect from senioe members of the seen tte community in an. independent "Whi we thould etna to wrk witha spans aeagues to pro besework oa the ILC curatenton ould now be more focus om ty: lngtoftndahotoraliper colder ‘Showhere nthe word Barrons, fom the Uaierity of Sine iL lateral Develop ‘en Team, “Despite the est fos tthe particle physics commun, ‘ot est via th aeration Com init for Future Acctertors the Sips erent hs eo Sf foreront bal siece fac yz hesipe, “Perhaps the time has {nied come expe options eee there" He pots ut that CERN, Torevampe has theknow how and ‘ectmealcpabiy" bul alincar ‘alter atboghe sms that is “snot current it stated op pir apie ute proper Publication boost for LGBTQA scientists who disclose their identities at work LLOBTOA sient (detnedintese studies as lesbian, ay, scr tMansgender, asexual oF otherwise ‘que who theirsentteswhe ‘to ae been fondo prodoce ‘hanes who are mor open about {Mele sexuly and ender deny ‘hat i according can analy to US-basod survey, the indngs ‘otwhih highlight he producity at of workplaces ha rene es (PLOS ONE 17 aasT28 The srveys were conducted by Jeremy Yoder 1 blogs at Cal fornia Ste Univeraty Noth, tnd eollengues In 2013, the tx ‘ane LGBTOA sence techn ‘on egineering and mats STEM) roletowals Pariipasa were ‘Sed about hl puto cout, Sexual and gender ident. open nes bout thet LGBTOA identy At work, and carer poston. The ‘escurchcrsfond thal hosewho gid ot dsc thee LGBTOA lent ‘esinproeniona ete wr testicals fever peeeovewod Publctions, But thy aso found that tose in moce senior postions had «higher ableton ate sna etemore ie toe en sat oma Patents TD tease out if respondeats who were mt open about tee tes Were rainy ear-carce sents trthintaraly Tower publication Lime ey ined non LGBTOA ‘citi and to contol for carer stage, asked respondents how long, ithnd deen since their frst pa {aon They on tat open mera plications fo sai ‘men, vile women tod LGBTOA, fcieatste who did aot discuss theiceiie mt work al reported Fever rbtcatons, "Te researcher modeling pre: tion ewer, now-LGIYTQA men will rite 27 papers on average, wile om LGBTOA female tients {ne perio, gy sonal asexual ‘orotervae queer male and now Binary seademics who, are open about det ientiy wil posh ‘round 24 papers wrens os ing female ibian py, biker ‘iets wl produce 20 papers. ‘Among those who do wat disclose thet dents at work, ale ace ‘emis wee found to publshus 15 popes female nd non-inary {cents the lest prodoti ‘expres ay aspect of your ieaty iroften sets and would rode Sour seareoftelonging in» pr Trlr morglace and over eareer sth Yoder tls Pp Wid. He IMs tat LGBTOA seleasts are toe ey fo be “out when they ‘Snider tel workplaces tobe sate Sodveleoming "Whutwevesceain ‘uework that LOBTOA scents Ste keeniy aware of what seco ‘etgoes and hen thy ld that seceptance, theyre etter able ro ontbutetoscence? Yoder ade BComment physicsworld oy TOP Publishing Crisis in Ukraine Assis nvason of Ulin est for thse who want slence and pts Kept apart The world has been shocked by Russia's invasion of Ukraine but no-one ought to have been surprised. Under president Vadimir Putin, Rusia had already invaded the country in2014~annexing the Crimean peninsula ~and supported Russian separatist forces in the Donbass region. Earl last year it alo started snusing troops on the Ukrainian border. If anyone was in any doubt, Putin spall ut his iotentons st uly in 00-yard ey, dang that Rusa had ‘een "robbed? of ands in Ukraine ‘Quite rightly, the invasion brought immediate indignation from the inter tional scientific community ee pp 1), Statements condemning it were released by the likes ofthe American Pigsical Society, the Insitute of Phys ies and the European Physical Society. ‘Conferences and meetings duct take ace in Russa were swf cancelled. Space missions and launches involving Russia were delayed or postponed. Let- ‘er of opposition wet released, inching one signed by more than 200 Nobel ize winners calling for Putin to recall his armed forces. "Most striking was a letter signed by more than 2500 staff and students from ‘the Moscow Institue of Phsis and Technology (MIPT)-Stating hat the MIFT ‘could surely “not support this senseless and outrageous vac” the signatories ‘oped theirleter would encourage other universvesin Rusia to condemn thet county 'sleaders too, Butwith anew iv threatening 15-year prsonsentcnces for ‘nyone disereitingthe Russian militry,the letters omganiaersswity deleted, Fearing the safety ofits signatories, ‘The liters withdrawal was a chilling reminder of what Russias politcal ci ‘mate hasbecome. Amidall the rightful condemnation ofthe invasion, we should ‘ot orget tha ther ae many ordinary Russian phyiis like the signatories of {he MIPTetter, who areappalledby the war. Theywillony face further dieu! ‘isa international sanctions tart to bite. Life is harder stil for physicists in Ukraine, who find themselves caught in ‘humanitarian crisis nt of their making and having to fle centres of attack {ee pi). They also faethe danger of military strikes on thar country sciilian zuclearpower plants and the potential for Russa, which has a huge arsenal of clear weapons engage iamicene attacks. One physic i Une Vat lado ~was even shot dead by Rusia forces ast month (bit h/3T7GKCI. ‘These are gh imesorthasewho se seience asa fore or peace. The CERN particl-pysc ab struck the right balance by suspending Russias “observer” Natus while standing behind Russian scientists at the lab, All eyes will now be a ITER, which is building a fusion reactor in France. The project was forged leh tailend ofthe Cold Wart et Russian and wester scents collaborate {or the wider ood of humanity. Those principles are now being put fully the test Matin Durrant ator, ysis Work ‘ejermoperta smcesttnat cs eae oe a 15Comment: James McKenzie Transactions Supercool thinker James MeKenzie looks back at the remarkable if of the ate Sir Martin Wood, who wasa pioneer inthe commercialzation ‘of pysies research ‘Road, Oxford, 1988 That was whee ‘Marta Wood ad hiswite Audrey ot up, ommpunytobuldsperconduing magne’ foruse nscale esearch Atthe im, ‘Wood warbased inthe Clrengon Labo toryat the University of Oxford, where te Eoncept of spin out wn ard of Bt (Galt Ineeaenteprvedtben sg Ing scans sin 108, became te ir (Gor spn oat bested othe Landen Stok Esthange These days the company is a hugey potable TSE 2s busines with gba Fevenes of ret £300, most of wih tome rm exports, anda market capita Tevitnapncic resonance sping (MI) ‘cannes Oxford Lestruments om bud, rent sls end sevioes rage of Meh tool ieross wide ange of apliation, Tes technology stectches from Xero sn pia eauipment to micorony ‘ner reset ofthelastiteatPasics vy ‘wert exci of Oxford larunens {rom 2005 until 2016. Ax he explain, ‘Wont setup the firm vile working tr senior esearchofcerat theChrendoa 8 {Goin hl ro 185 196), Hs {povwas to manage te high-magnetie fet {elit delgning snd mang power lectromognets thas bs the Hung Inne cents Nichols Kat ~ "Wood fond he could generate thew clesromagnets sig sapereodting ‘holt ra dee, rondo pope larehat when students rot the Carsadea eft fr othe jobs, they would ask Wood uke magnets fo thet ne abs Real, thismasan opportunity topo imo busines, sean aprnal rm orto regarded ara soa ous oquet, ‘Wood ult the magnets his sue en she, whieh yeas ater moved tothe ‘grounds of is amis new home nee Sgn ofthe po le played th pment of sperconturting apne. 6 Orford Instruments grew rapidly, i rntingsupercondocting magnet Tis products made it posibe for people ke the Noten University pit (nature Nabe arate) Ptr Mts {orimage the body ung MRL, Indeod the compa Supp spereonduting tage ‘es dese by Wood forthe is whole rN ody MT scanners in 580, snore into platy, supprtog bs start psi anoraton, une people sn the atu environment ‘ood however, hep substantal share holding in Oxford Instruments even afer sekgting he dato raping of te i mnation. Ar aithoggh the business ‘hates sereted bi ‘tind nr 827202) ‘tet re engi eis Iedegertenroebatserets wee) Nrtaing minds ‘are of the challenges facing edging ‘As noted inhi obtery in he Guonion companies in 1988 the Woods st up (Gelieetesaringneonpanywnsthe. the Oxford Tras, buying an old build [Sitsiim of Weodslonghedamtionto. er" yard inthe chy te following yea, {reales produce ad rewarding working I bears hoe tothe Selene td Tech ‘vironment, Atdey covered th finance nology Enterprise Project the fit fn people ius, wt Mastin concen tented tecnica and customer spots Atorentcatre ‘atlit for Oxfordshie’stow-low hing cost of novation feubatrs and ‘iene parks These dye the rst rns ‘Avs ax being poncers in the commer. the Wood Cente fr Innovation nd the libation ot aniersy research, Audrey Osford Centre for Innovation, which {iu Marta Wood slwegsadoped ac unt proves wort space for 40 sce ad Sally ponte caltetwasd att vasa, ech aeipe Planceing approach hat man) ex Oxford Speakingsbort ater Si Matas death Fhatruments people speak fondly of and on 3) November 2021, Steve Burges = ‘ary forward in helt professional es. chef xeegve ofthe Oxford Trust paid Fin himet tod me bow hewasinvtedto tribute to Wood passion for innovation the Woodham daring the slection peo- and phys, whch saw him sapport new The vii was completly wake an) the von odo this.“ Wils Arey amas ‘acetve selection had been invlved a ath ade, the duo ade an facedile ‘ide‘inging dicustonon opcsrom the. Scape and sence education Totural worl fo the potental ofthe then Sopeitetot gunn mpg ‘by Matin asa persomand quite forgo twas, aja interven Claire Fin, «former group buna ‘Ove the lst 0 year the Orford Tas, hat mpported hundreds of business ehdley Quactes Dea wes tpt Toaitute af Physic. Sie Martin proved ‘ot only dat high Teehooogysurcaps esouresdretr at Oxford struments, ean thie Inthe UK, bt also tha hey hss snilary postive reealletons,"Sit_ean gro into lion pound business = Martin instinctively understood that. witoot losing touch with he people sd dewvous was ight for the people ad S {he orgnieaton"sbe sy "More than 50, lms elon wsvespaenorbbos ot Yearson,hsethosistilacoceartofwbat tele et Phyaes 206-220, eae Makesthe company commercially siccs_ ean. Helse be ne pent falandaspocdplace tobe apatot” cedThe problem with renewables _ Poter Edwards, Peter Dobson ‘and Gari Owen say that netzero ‘targets can only be metif renewable energy can be stored cot effectively (On 16Sepember1910theCanaianinven- tor Reginald A Fessenden, whe I Dest enon fr his work on aio tesnolog, pushes anartilesnthe oro Thee Incion boat energy storage. "The problem ‘the commer uation, othe peo hcion af power ofthe energy of alae dito, be wind nd exer nertent ‘atural oures ea double one” he wrote “The energy ofthe soures mus fst De ‘urged as tobe sua nom trast netlcamrenastobenaiibin tine climate change, Fessenden’ comments femain just at pertinent today if nat ‘moves, Thats because many countries fe reducing tee tellance on os ues By Boosting renewable-enerey output, ‘wheter sol, wind or hyo. Aad gen Thatso many Evropean ations eyo fo ‘STots from Rei this ena omar ren energy kal to sped up flow Eee ieveon of Ukraine that begns i Ine February, having already rented ina ‘aft econate sanctions and menses ‘alnst Russ economy ‘Wecan expec that ttre clei power genestioninthe URvilbebaod ona and solar, poy supported by andes. Unie fet fst ad aula peerton, such enews wl by tht very nature, ‘ca rodue ess pome thanequed~an ftteme ese Beng te ak of solr ele {ny generated tight Ono ies {isles ener wilco be ‘oe shine a the wind doesn't low” "Festus beauty epee by the German ward Dunteawe (meaning lav doldrums). eis cital hat we tore ‘ough renee electrical energy tat Frsbecn proce dingpeios of aces evindconitons forthe inv Dun ‘ele pois tat allow But hs far ftom eas. And thanks to detalled studies fn future ecrcty storage requlrements tid os weknow tis moteheap ether, "Wemlineed adequate exces renewable senation pect) pre-Dunefone 10 sure thc sored eect stale ‘ver sn such period. On a old winters Set rete cay ‘at oon pot The eae STM ‘bogey meetin es {ay in the UK, for example, the county ‘Siresatlens 4d GW of ley wich (Gate sbout terawat out (EWH). IE 1h ofthat comes from vrabe renews tes, den ona ellenging Dundee ‘aye wll ned to have sare TWh ‘Suing tht the ote 0% is eomposed ‘fF norenowale sources feo, mle "The oston i saree il for period "ib succesive Dunkeflate days ~ ‘ocuneornon situation fn a types! Erie [ihwinter "where we would need some TWh of battery storage. To get es te price tage how tha the energy ‘ompany ntrGen erent bldg TWh lihien-on battery storage fac gat DP World London Gateway 2 {ton the Thames Estuary in pica England. Illes about £3000 ald, ‘© 8simple extrapolation would mean that FviggasTWheapacty wealbe este to, ee depended enti on enews ‘cost would 5tllion Tiss dea oping the its on Lithium-ion ecology has remained the tenchmarkforbntteressine fr isovery Pur decades apo. Some hope that battery fone forte at wo decades ~or tat fem cheaper Lod of bateryiechalogy ‘ilsrely merge over the nea fe yar However, there a worldwide shortage ihm for balding battery storage ‘Eseal, wile cobalt mining =the mate Thun tatters “coment besey ‘evironmentl pros Another posbly for orgs hyo 2c, which produced by eee from cess reenable ney generation ean Ie convertd ino ces through ee ana be used for range of aust froceacs Thre are sve aor ydro- en pojets under way the UK, at sur woirety compare the cost thyaio- caw other ge scuestorage techno Eesgnen the unknown costs f asociated fonverson technologies and the diverse Secloiatne quatiatve esiaater for DunkeWlante ents Ie same that the strage mech {nso is yaropen anit comet nto letrcy bya combination of fel celle ‘nd ineral combustion engines wih an ‘eral etieney of $0% then we would roguire 10 TWh store energy fe are {oenerazhalfouelecticy fon renew Ss Using vale of 0 loa hours pet klograt for eectoherefleney, thars equivalent to about 200 milion ilo so ydogen So, aa ost of £2 pee {ogra that wake abot 00m ve sume am exaent ow forthe process agcimening osn tn cletcy then 1Wsdsy Dunkefawe peiod would be about ‘260m, there are to periods anally fndthe lectrlsersandelaesiast or 30 eas the oa cost wuld Be about £0bn ‘Nezero eatbon targets eq almost iSciy Visewsnt tele tate fd stays of storing renowabe energy doing. 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