Valence Bond Theory

Les PGof system

Attraction Long Range force PE
Repulsion
Short Range force
res
of system

at b Attractive Repulsive
a
forces
y
NA NB NA CB NA NB
NB en CA eB
A B

AB attraction dominates
dominates
Be Repulsion

at point B
Attraction Repulsio

Concept of overlapping orbitals of two

atoms
atomic
The penetration of
other
into each
e wave wave function
nature Y
 Bond formation b w two
atoms occurs by overlapping
Wath atomic orbitals
y é
result of one unpaired
As a having
each
overlapping
the e
one vacant
orbital
fully filled
become
density will the one
bln
maximum orbital
two bonded
nuclei
IN A
I
Inter Nuclear Axis
d through
Axis passing
the nucleus
Atomic orbitals
orientation of
shape
spherically symmetrical
fi
t

These are not charges

these are signs of
wavefunctions
porbital
dumb bell shape w

lobes have opposite

both
wane function
sign of
py po
pa

KhaiI
nodal plane nodalplane
d
in which
Plane
probability of finding
is zero 42 0
e

ÉdÉb dumb bell

lobes have
opposite wane functions
same sign of

JO
Types of overlapping
Axial 1 Head
on overlapping cloud
with their e
the orbitals overlap
when
the internuclear axis
axial
lying along due to
o bond are formed overlapping

s s overlapping
Comparison a a bond strength
of
strength of a extent of
bond overlapping

comparison of o bonds
s s s p p p

0
At CAA
As p orbitals awe directionally more
concentrated lie lobes lie in a certain
direction so the overlapping extent will
be higher

s s s p p p for
25 25 6 25 2p C
g same
shell
2p op

for different shells As the shell number

increases size orbital also
of
res

Is 25535 As the se orbital

of
increases the internuclear
S 3ps up distances also Tes
hence overlapping becomes
less effective
15 25 7 25 25 7 35 25

Is 7 25 25 7 35 3s
Is

15 Ip 15 3p 7 Is Up

Bp sp 7 Bp Bp 7 Yp Up

comparison
of A bond strength

ooo
off on

I
inter nuclear
repulsion
 Lit Nat z Kt

Lit a Nat Myat

Rules covalent characters
Fagan's
Lill L
Mga s Alll
Dipole Moment Cut

u x de
q t
te
distance de
change g
unit Debye q q

D 30
333 10 Cm Representation

n a
less EN more EN

Appt EN u a Enn
non polar
Unit o

polar
unit to

in a molecule all bonds same

If are
the molecule not contain lone
does pair
unct o

wtf
u
fl Ge

Etta Baz
unct O
 Bella PAs Baz CCly SFG

Mnet 0

If the molecule contains ep or

diff types
bond than Unt or
may not
of may
be zero

H2O
502
Of 0

f sp n
unit 0
n

unit 0
Palar
palate

i i
i 7120
e
7181
I
BA u

Ly
o m p
 if Eg
O o

fa Go
I h
palate
met 0 met 0
Lattice Energy
when I move an ionic
Energy required of
lattice its constituent
is formed from
ions
Nat Wcg Naches
ly d
Energy
regret
he
LE h LE
change
size

Lill c
ng Uz Allez