The tangent to the function Die raaklyn aan ‘n vergelyking

The gradient between two points Die gradient tussen twee punte

𝑦2 − 𝑦1
𝑚=
𝑥2 − 𝑥1

The gradient at one point Die gradient by een punt

𝑓 𝑥+ℎ − 𝑓 𝑥
𝑚= 𝒇′ 𝒙 = lim
𝒉→𝟎 ℎ

If / Indien 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑎 ∙ 𝑥𝑛
then, dan is 𝑓′ 𝑥
= 𝑛 𝑎 ∙ 𝑥 𝑛−1
RAAKLYNE
Die afgeleide can gebruik word om die gradient van die raaklyn aan ‘n
funksies by enige punt te bepaal:
If 𝒇’ 𝒙 > 𝟎 If 𝒇’ 𝒙 = 𝟎 If 𝒇’(𝒙) < 𝟎

m = positive m=0 m = negative

m = postitief m = negatief

Increasing function Stationary Decreasing function

Stygende funksie Stasionêr Dalende funksie

Turning point of function

Draaipunt van funksie
Example 1

𝒇 𝒙 = −𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟖

1. Gradient tussen / between 𝒙 = 𝟏 en / and 𝒙 = 𝟑

𝒇 𝟏 =
1 3

𝒇 𝟑 =

𝑦2 −𝑦1
𝑚=
𝑥2 −𝑥1
Example 1

𝒇 𝒙 = −𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟖

1. Gradient tussen / between 𝒙 = 𝟏 en / and 𝒙 = 𝟑

𝒇 𝟏 =− 𝟏 𝟐 +𝟐 𝟏 +𝟖=𝟗 1 3
(𝟏; 𝟗)
𝟐
𝒇 𝟑 =− 𝟑 +𝟐 𝟑 +𝟖=𝟓
(𝟑; 𝟓)

𝑦2 −𝑦1
𝑚=
𝑥2 −𝑥1

5−9
𝑚=
3−1

𝑚 = −2
Example 1
𝒇 𝒙 = −𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟖
2. Bepaal die gradient by / Determine the gradient at 𝒙 = 𝟐.
𝑓 𝑥 = −𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 8
1 2

3. Bepaal die gradient by / Determine the gradient at 𝒙 = 𝟏.

𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = −2𝑥 + 2
Draaipunt van 𝑓 𝑥 :
Turning point of 𝑓(𝑥):
−𝑏
𝑥=
2𝑎
Example
𝒇 𝒙 = −𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟖
2. Bepaal die gradient by / Determine the gradient at 𝒙 = 𝟐.
𝑓 𝑥 = −𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 8
𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = −2𝑥 + 2
1 2
𝑓 ′ 2 = −2 2 + 2
𝑚 = −2

3. Bepaal die gradient by / Determine the gradient at 𝒙 = 𝟏.

𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = −2𝑥 + 2
𝑓 ′ 1 = −2 1 + 2 Draaipunt van 𝑓 𝑥 :
𝑚=0 Turning point of 𝑓(𝑥):
−𝑏
𝑥=
As 𝑓’(𝑥) = 0 , is dit die draaipunt van die funksie 2𝑎
If 𝑓’(𝑥) = 0 , you have the turning point of the function −2
= =1
2(−1)
MAS, p 98
 MAS, p 98

𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐
Kort ‘n koördinaat
𝒇′ 𝒙 = 𝒎 Need a coordinate
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 1 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥2 − 𝑥
𝑓 ′ (3) = 2(3) − 1 𝑓 3 = 3 2− 3
𝑚=5 𝑦=6
(3; 6)

𝒚 = 𝟓𝒙 + 𝒄
6 = 5(3) + 𝑐
−9 = 𝑐
𝑦 = 5𝑥 − 9
MAS, p 98
MAS, p 98
MAS, p 99 nr a – d ; f*
𝒇′ 𝒙 = 𝒎
𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 1
𝑓′ 1 = 2 1 + 1
𝑚=3

𝒇′ 𝒙 = 𝒎
𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 4 − 3𝑥 2
𝑓 ′ −1 = 4 − 3(−1)2
𝑚=1
 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐
Kort ‘n koördinaat
𝒇′ 𝒙 = 𝒎 Need a coordinate
𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = −2𝑥 + 5 𝑓 𝑥 = −𝑥 2 + 5𝑥
𝑓 ′ (3) = −2(3) + 5 𝑓 3 =− 3 2+5 3
𝒎 = −𝟏 𝑦=6
(3; 6)

𝒚 = −𝟏𝒙 + 𝒄
6 = −(3) + 𝑐
9=𝑐
𝑦 = −𝑥 + 9
 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐
Kort ‘n koördinaat
Need a coordinate
𝒈′ 𝒙 = 𝒎
12
𝒈 𝒙 = −𝟏𝟐𝒙−𝟏 𝑔 𝑥 =−
𝑥
𝑔′ 𝑥 = 𝟏𝟐𝒙−𝟐
12
𝑔′ −2 = 𝟏𝟐(−𝟐)−𝟐 𝑔 −2 = −
(−2)
𝒎=𝟑 𝑦=6

𝒚 = 𝟑𝒙 + 𝒄 (−2; 6)
6 = 3(−2) + 𝑐
12 = 𝑐
𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 12
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 4𝑥 − 3 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥
𝑓 2 = 2(2)2 − 3(2)
5 = 4𝑥 − 3 𝑦=2
8 = 4𝑥
𝑥=2 (2; 2)
 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐
Kort ‘n koördinaat
𝒇′ 𝒙 = 𝒎 Need a coordinate
𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 2 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥
4 = 2𝑥 + 2 𝑓 1 = 1 2+2 1
2 = 2𝑥 𝑦=3
𝒙=𝟏
(1; 3)

𝒚 = 𝟒𝒙 + 𝒄
3 = 4(1) + 𝑐
−1 = 𝑐
𝑦 = 4𝑥 − 1
 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐
Kort ‘n koördinaat
𝒇′ 𝒙 = 𝒎 = 𝟖 Need a coordinate
𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = −4𝑥 𝑓 𝑥 = −2𝑥 2 + 5
8 = −4𝑥 𝑓 −2 = −2 −2 2 + 5
𝒙 = −𝟐 𝑦 = −3
(−2; −3)
𝒚 = 𝟖𝒙 + 𝒄
−3 = 8(−2) + 𝑐
13 = 𝑐
𝑦 = −2𝑥 + 13
 −1 3
𝑦= 𝑥+ Kort ‘n koördinaat
8 2
Need a coordinate
𝒈′ 𝒙 = 𝒎 = 𝟖
𝒈 𝒙 = 𝟒𝒙−𝟐 4
𝑔 𝑥 = 2
𝑥
𝑔′ 𝑥 = −𝟖𝒙−𝟑
8 = −𝟖𝒙−𝟑 4
𝑔 −1 =
1 (−1)2
−1 = 3
𝑥
𝑦=4
𝒙 = −𝟏
𝒚 = 𝟖𝒙 + 𝒄 (−1; 4)
4 = 8(−1) + 𝑐
12 = 𝑐
𝑦 = 8𝑥 + 12