Kjyhk; cyf kfh Aj;jk;

1914 - 1918
1) Kjyhk; cyf kfh Aj;jj;jpy; gq;Fgw;wpa ehLfs;.

2) Kjyhk; cyf kfh Aj;jjpw;fhd fhuzq;fs;.

3) Kjyhk; cyf kfhAj;jj;jpd; guty;/Nghf;F.

4) Kjyhk; cyf kfh Aj;jj;jpd; tpisTfs;.

cyfpd; rf;jp tha;e;j ehLfs; ,U mzpfshf gpupe;J
Nghupl;lJ ,g; Nghu; cyfpy; gy NguopTfis
Vw;gLj;jpapUe;jJ. ,jidNa Kjyhk; cyfg; Nghu; vd;gu;.
INuhg;ghtpy; Muk;gpj;j ,g; Nghu; gpd; cyfk; KOtJk; gut
njhlq;fpaJ.
Nghupd; ,U mzpfSk; mtw;wpy; mq;fj;Jtk; ngw;w ehLfSk;
INuhg;gpa ty;yuR ehLfs; mzp. el;G ehLfs; mzp
N[u;kdp gpupj;jhdpah
M];jpupah gpuhd;];
`q;Nfup u~;ah
gy;Nfupah ,j;jhyp
JUf;fp Nru;gpah
UNkdpah
fpuP];
 Nghupd; ,U mzpfSk; mtw;wpy; mq;fj;Jtk; ngw;w ehLfSk;

www.tamilmesai.com
jkpo; Nkir
Kjyhk; cyfg; NghUf;fhd fhuzq;fs;
1. N[u;kdpapid If;fpag;gLj;Jk; NghJ
gpuhd;Rld; cUthd Nghu; ,U ehLfisAk;
gif ehLfshf khw;wpapUe;jJ.
N[u;kd; xUq;fpidg;gpd; NghJ gp];khf;
1870y; gpuhd;Rld; Nghupl;lhu; ,jpy; gpuhd;];
gLNjhy;tpaile;jJ.
2. N[u;kd; murdhd 2k; tpy;ypaj;jpd;
nraw;ghLfs;
ntspehl;Lf; nfhs;if/ NguuR tp];jupg;Gf;
nfhs;if)
 Kjyhk; cyfg; NghUf;fhd fhuzq;fs;
3. FbNaw;w ehLfs; Fwpj;j Nghl;b.
gpupj;jhdpah> ngy;[pak;> gpuhd;];> Nghu;jJ
; f;fy;> ];ghdpa vDk;
ehLfspld; N[u;kd; Nghl;bapl;lJ.
ifj;njhopy; Gul;rpf;F gpd; cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fis tpw;gid nra;a
FbNaw;w ehLfs; Njitg;gl;lJ.
4. MAj Nghl;b kw;Wk; ,dthj tsu;r;rp
INuhg;gpa ehLfspilNa Vw;gl;l Nghl;bfspy; ehLfs; gyj;jpid
ep\&gpf;f MAjq;fis mjpfupf;f Ntz;Lk; vDk; nfhs;if
fhzg;gl;lJ.
5. ru[pNt nfhiy.
M];jpupa ,sturd; “gpuhd;rp]; Ngbdd; kw;Wk; kidtp”
ng];dpahtpd; jiyefuhd ru[pNth vDkplj;jpy; Nru;gpa
,isQu;fshy; Rl;Lf; nfhy;yg;gl;lhd;.
,jw;F e~;l <L Nfl;l M];jpupatpd; Nfhupf;iff;F gzpa kWj;j
Nru;gpahtpd; kPJ M];jpupa 1914 [_iy 20 Nghu;g;gpufldk; nra;jJ.

,jidj; njhlu;e;J ,g; Nghupy; gy ehLfs; ,iza Nghu; cyf

ehLfspilNa Vw;gl;lJ.
 Aj;jj;jpd; Nghf;F / guty;
• Aj;jkhdJ Kjypy; Muk;gkhdJ M];jpupah
- Nru;gpah kPJ Nghu; njhLj;jJ.
• M];jpupahtpd; el;G ehL N[u;kdp –
gilAjtpAld; M];jpupahtpd; gilnaLg;Gf;F
cjtpl
• Nru;gpah M];jpupahtpd; gil gyj;jhy;
u~;ahtplk; cjtp NfhupaJ. u~;ah
Nru;gpahtpw;F cjt Kd;te;jJ.
• N[u;kdp u~;ahtpid ,g; Nghupy; jiyapl
Ntz;lhk; vd vr;rupf;f mij u~;ah fz;L
nfhs;stpy;iy.
 Aj;jj;jpd; Nghf;F / guty;
• vdNt u~;ah kPJ 1914 Mf];l; Kjyhk; jpfjp Nghu;g;
gpufldk; nra;jJ N[u;kd;. N[u;kdpapd; el;G ehLfs;
N[u;kdpf;F mjutspf;f Kd;tu N[u;kdp kPJ
Nghu;g;gpufldk; nra;Ak; ehLfs; mjd; el;G ehLfs; kPJk;
gilnaLj;jd. mJ Nghy; N[u;kdpapd; vjpup ehLfs; kPJ
N[u;kdpapd; el;G ehLfs; gha;e;jd.
• u~;ahtpd; el;G ehL gpuhd;]; kw;Wk; N[u;kdp kPJ fLk;
gifikf; nfhs;ifapidf; filg;gpbj;jJ gpuhd;]; –
u~;ah kPJ gilnaLj;jhy; gpuhd;]; N[u;kdp kPJ jhf;Fjy;
ehlhj;Jk; vd vz;zpa N[u;kd; gpuhd;]; kPJk; gil
elntbf;ifapid Nkw;nfhz;lJ.
• N[u;kd; gpuhd;]; mUfpy; fhzg;gLk; ehLfs; vdNt
vy;iyg; ghJfhg;G kpf cr;r fl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gl;lJ.
vdNt N[u;kd; Nghupy; ahUlDk; Nrug;Nghtjpy;iy vd
,Ue;j ngy;[paj;jpD}lhf gpuhd;]; ehl;bw;Fs; ,yFthf
nry;y KbAk; vd vd;dp ngy;[paj;jpd; kPJ gilnaLg;ig
Nkw;nfhz;lJ.
• mjD}lhf gpuhd;]R
; ld; Nghupl;lJ N[u;kd;
 Aj;jj;jpd; Nghf;F / guty;
• ,e; epiy fz;l gpupj;jhdpah jdJ
ghJfhg;gpw;Fk; mr;RWj;jyhf N[u;kdpapd;
elntbf;iffs; fhzg;gl;ljhYk; gpuhd;rpd; el;G
nfhz;l ehL vd;gjhYk; Nghupy; ,q;fpyhe;J
N[u;kdpf;F vjpuhf Nghu;g; gpufldk; nra;jJ.
• ,f; fhyj;jpy; cyfpd; gy ehLfspy; ,q;fpyhe;J
fhy; gjpj;jpUe;jJ ,jdhy; Nghu; gy ehLfSf;F
gutpaJ.
• Nghu; cf;fpukhf eilngw;Wf; nfhz;bUe;jJ.
• jiug; Nghu; kw;Wk; flw;Nghu; vd N[u;kdpapd;
ePu;%o;fpf; fg;gy;fs; ,q;fpyhe;jpw;F ngUk;
jiyapbahf ,Ue;jJ. ,q;fpyhe;jpy; ,Ue;J
Gwg;gLk; ehd;F fg;gy;fSf;F xU fg;gypid
,q;fpyhe;J %o;fbj;jJ.
 mNkupf;fhtpd; Nghu; gpufldk;
• mNkupf;fhtpd; Nghu; gpufldk;
• ePz;l fhykhf mikjpfhj;J eLepiy tfpj;j Nghupy; ,wq;fpaJ.
mNkupf;f gazpfs; fg;gy; (Yrplhdpah) xd;iw N[u;kdp Nghupy;
%o;fbf;f Nghupy; N[u;kdpf;F vjpuhf fskpwq;fpaJ mNkupf;f.
• ngUk; czT> ,uz;L kpy;ypad; gilfs; kw;Wk; etPd MAj
cjtpfSld; Gjpjhf te;j vjpupapid vjpu; nfhs;s Ntz;ba
epiyf;F nrd;wJ N[u;kd;.
• mj;jpyhe;jpf; rKj;jpuj;ijf; fle;J te;jJ N[u;kdpapd; rhT khzp.
• ,j;jhypAk; ,Wjpapy; N[u;kdpapidf; iftpl;L Ner ehLfSld;
Nru;eJ
; nfhz;lJ. ,J N[u;kd; M];jpupa ehLfspd; Nghu;
,ufrpaq;fs; vd gy mk;rq;fs; Ner ehLfSf;F nrd;wd.
• N[u;kdpapd; gyj;jpid Ner ehLfs; njhlu;r;rpahd Nghupd; %yk;
KbTf;F nfhz;L te;jd.
• N[u;kdpapd; kf;fs; czTg; gw;whf;Fiwapid Njhw;Wtpj;jJ.
• ,J ,uhZtj;jpduplk; Fog;gj;ij Vw;gLj;jpaJ. ehLKOtJk; gy
fpsu;r;rpfs; Njhw;wk; ngw;wJ.
• N[u;kdpapd; flw;gil kd;did ePf;f fpsu;r;rpapid
Nkw;nfhz;lJld; kd;dd; gjtp tpyf N[u;kdpapd; Njhy;tp kpf
tpiuthf eilngw;wJ.
 Nghupd; tpisTfs;/ Nghupd; jhf;fk;/
Nghupd; KbT
• Nghupy; kj;jpa INuhg;gpa mzp (N[u;kdp mzp) Njhy;tpale;jJ.
• ngUe;njhifahd kf;fs; capupoe;jdu;. gj;J yl;rk; kf;fs; CdKw;wdu;.
• Ntu;nry;]; cld;gbf;if – gpuhd;rpd; gup]; efupy;

gq;F gw;wpa ehLfSk; mjd; jiytu;fs;

If;fpa mnkupf;f [dhjpgjp - T+l;Nuh tpy;]d;
gpupj;jhdpa gpujku; - nyhapl; N[hu;[;
gpuhd;]; gpujku; - fpnskd; N~h
,j;jhypa gpujku; - tpf;Nlhupa Xnyz;Nlh

• Nghupy; N[u;kdp jiyik tfpj;jikahy; N[u;kdp kPJ fLikahd jz;lidAk; toq;fg;gl;lJ.

ngUe;njhifahd gzk; e~;l <lhf nfhLf;f Ntz;b Vw;gl;lJ.
,uhZtk; kw;Wk; MAj cw;gj;jp vd;gd tiwaWf;fg;gl;ld.
• gpuhd;rplkpUe;J ifg;gw;wpa My;Nr]; kw;Wk; nyhiuapd; gpuNjrq;fs; kPz;Lk; gpuhd;]pw;F nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ.
• INuhg;ghtpw;F ntspNa ,Ue;j N[u;kdpapd; FbNaw;w ehLfs; ntw;wpngw;w eLfSf;F
gfpu;e;jspf;fg;gl;ll;d.
• INuhg;gtpy; kd;duhl;rp Kbtile;J Rje;jpu murhq;fq;fs; Njhw;wk; ngw;wd.
gpd;yhe;J> Nghye;J> nrf;Nfh];NyhNthf;fpah> `q;Nfup
• INuhg;g KOtJk; nghUshjhu Jiwapy; fLikahd tPo;r;rpapid re;jpj;jJ.
• mnkupf;f kw;Wk; gpupj;jhdpah ehLfs; cyf ty;yuRfshf cUthfpd.
• 1920 . 01 .10 md;W ru;NtNjr rq;fk; Njhw;wk; ngw;wJ.
 ru;tNjr rq;fk;
• ,dp ,g;gbahd xU Nghu; epfo $lhJ vd;gjw;fhf cyf ehLfs; gy
,ide;J Xu; mikg;gpid cUthf;fp jkf;Fs; Vw;gLk; gpur;ridfspid
Nghrp jPu;f;f cUthf;fg;gl;lJ ,e;j ru;tNjr rq;fk;
• gpujhd mk;rq;fs;
• eLfspilNa fhzg;gLk; fUj;J NtWghLfis rkjhdkhf jPu;j;jy;.
• vjpu; fhy Aj;jj;jpid jLj;jy;
• rpwpa ehLfspd; Rje;jpuj;ijAk; RahjPdj;ijAk; ghJfhj;jy;
• cyf rkhjhdj;ij epiyehl;ly;.
,t; mikg;gpd; ntw;wpfs;
RtPld; - gpd;yhe;J
N[u;kdp - Nghye;J
fpNuf;fk; - gy;Nfupa
<uhd; - JUf;fp ,ilNa Vw;gl;l Aj;jKuz;gLfis jPu;j;jdu;
• mfjpfs; Gdu;tho;TfSf;F elntbf;iffs; vLj;jik.
• rq;fj;jpd; ek;gpf;if nghWg;gpd; fPo; ,Ue;j FbNaw;w ehLfs; ntw;wpfukhf
Nkw;ghu;it elntbf;iffs; vLj;jik.
• rl;ltpNuhj mbik tpahghuk;> Nghijg;nghUs; vd;gtw;iw xopf;f
Njitahd elntbf;iffis Nkw;nfhz;lik.
 ru;tNjr rq;fj;jpd; Njhy;tpf;fhd
fhuzq;fs;
• Kjyhk; cyf kfhAj;jk; Kbtile;j gpd; 20 Mz;Lfspy; kPz;Lk; Xu; cyf kfh Aj;jk;
eilngw;wJ ,jd; %yk; ru;tNjr rq;fj;jpd; gytPdk; ntspg;gLfpd;wJ.
• cyf ty;yuRfshd mNkupf;f kw;Wk; u\;ah vd;gd rq;fj;jpy; ,lk;ngwtpy;iy.
mnkupf;f nrdl; rig rq;fj;jpd; nfhs;iffs; rpytw;iw Vw;f kWj;jik.
u~;ah ehl;bid ru;tNjr rq;fk; J}u xJf;fpaik
• ru;tNjr rq;fk; mjDila jPuk ; hdq;fis mq;fj;Jt ehLfspy; nraw;gLj;j Nghjpa gyk;
,Uf;ftpy;iy c.k; gil gyk;.
• gyk; tha;e;j ehLfspilNa xw;Wikapd;ikAk; mtu;fs; jq;fspd; Njitfspid kl;Lk;
Kf;fpakhf fUjpaik
N[u;kdp rq;fj;jpypUe;J tpyfpaik Fwpj;J kw;w ty;yuR ehLfs; ftiy nfhs;shik.
• cyf rkhjhdhk; kPwg;gl;l rpy Ntisfspy; rq;fj;jhy; ve;j elntbf;iffSk; vLf;f
Kbahky; Nghdik.
,j;jhyp mgprPdpahitf; ifg;gw;wpaik tpjpf;fg;gl;l nghWshjhu jilapdhy;
mgprPdpahTf;F cjt [g;gdhy; Kbahky; Nghjy;
• [g;gd; kQ;R+uPahitf; ifg;gw;wpaik Fwpj;J ve;j elntbf;ifAk; vLf;fhik.

,t;thwhd fhuzq;fshy; ru;tNjr rq;fk; Njhy;tpaile;J ,uz;lhk; cyf Aj;jk; Njhd;w

fhuzkha; mike;jJ.
ed;wp