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RILEM Bookseries

Francesco Canestrari
Manfred N. Partl Editors

8th RILEM International

Symposium on Testing
and Characterization of
Sustainable and Innovative
Bituminous Materials
8th RILEM International Symposium on Testing
and Characterization of Sustainable
and Innovative Bituminous Materials
RILEM BOOKSERIES

Volume 11

RILEM, The International Union of Laboratories and Experts in Construction

Materials, Systems and Structures, founded in 1947, is a non-governmental sci-
entific association whose goal is to contribute to progress in the construction sci-
ences, techniques and industries, essentially by means of the communication it
fosters between research and practice. RILEM’s focus is on construction materials
and their use in building and civil engineering structures, covering all phases of the
building process from manufacture to use and recycling of materials. More infor-
mation on RILEM and its previous publications can be found on www.RILEM.net.

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8781

Francesco Canestrari Manfred N. Partl
•

Editors

8th RILEM International

Symposium on Testing
and Characterization
of Sustainable and Innovative
Bituminous Materials

123
Editors
Francesco Canestrari Manfred N. Partl
Università Politecnica delle Marche Road Engineering/Sealing Components
Ancona EMPA—Swiss Federal Laboratories
Italy for Materials Science and Technology
Dübendorf
Switzerland

ISSN 2211-0844 ISSN 2211-0852 (electronic)

RILEM Bookseries
ISBN 978-94-017-7341-6 ISBN 978-94-017-7342-3 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-7342-3

Library of Congress Control Number: 2015946092

Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg New York London

© RILEM 2016
No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written
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Printed on acid-free paper

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(www.springer.com)
Preface

RILEM (International Union of Laboratories and Experts in Construction

Materials, Systems and Structures) is a volunteer organization grouping academics,
researchers, testing laboratories, suppliers, and contractors with the aim to promote
scientific cooperation in the area of construction materials and structures.
In the field of bituminous materials, since late 1960s, RILEM activities are
organized through Technical Committees (TC) that delivered outstanding products
such as guides to good practice, recommendations and prestandards, proceedings of
symposia and workshops, state-of-the-art reports with extensive data basis, and
papers in international journals.
The 8th RILEM International Symposium on Testing and Characterization of
Sustainable and Innovative Bituminous Materials belongs to a series of RILEM
Symposia started in 1968 (Dresden) and follows up the last organized in Rhodes six
years ago.
Nowadays, the increasing mobility demand and traffic loads call for using
innovative high-performance materials and techniques for asphalt pavements and,
at the same time, for taking care of environmental concerns in search of more
sustainable infrastructures.
For the above-mentioned reasons, the main goal of the symposium is to enhance
knowledge on sustainable and innovative bituminous materials as basis for their
appropriate and reliable application within the pavement network. Achieving such
objectives requires developing and implementing performance-oriented test meth-
ods through promotion of international networking and synergies.
In accordance with these objectives, over 80 papers from 26 countries were
accepted after a rigorous peer review addressing the following topics:
• Characterization of binder–aggregate interaction;
• Innovative testing of bituminous binders, additives, and modifiers;
• Durability and aging of asphalt pavements;
• Mixture design and compaction analysis;
• Advanced characterization of interlayer systems;
• Modeling of road materials and pavement performance prediction;

v
vi Preface

• Environmentally sustainable materials and technologies;

• Advances in laboratory characterization of bituminous materials;
• Field measurement and in situ characterization;
• Recycling and reuse in road pavements;
• Cracking and damage characterization of asphalt pavements.
As it can be seen, the content of these proceedings appeals not only to
researchers and students at university level but also to practitioners and decision
makers providing an update on latest environment-related developments and
performance-based evaluations in the field of testing and characterization of sus-
tainable and innovative bituminous pavement materials and technologies.
We trust that the rigorous experimental approach and theoretical background
adopted by the authors of the accepted papers will contribute to a further leap
toward sustainable applications of bituminous road materials.
Moreover, we hope that the pavement engineering research community will
understand this symposium as an opportunity to strengthen its efforts in fostering
the environmentally friendly use of asphalt products for the sake of future
generations.
For this reason, the editors would like to thank the RILEM Steering Committee
of this symposium for supporting the main strategic decisions and all authors and
reviewers for contributing to the excellent quality of the accepted papers. Their
effort is highly appreciated.
Finally, we would also like to acknowledge the invaluable contributions from
the Local Organizing Committee with its enthusiastic members, who have tirelessly
dedicated time to the success of the symposium.

Ancona Francesco Canestrari

October 2015 Manfred N. Partl
Contents

Part I Characterization of Binder-Aggregate Interaction

Development of Failure Master Curve for Asphalt Mastics

Characterization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Pouya Teymourpour and Hussain U. Bahia

Semi-automatic Evaluation of the Degree of Bitumen

Coverage on Bitumen-Coated Aggregates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Riccardo Lamperti, Claudio Lantieri, Cesare Sangiorgi,
Gabriele Bitelli and Andrea Simone

An Advanced Low Temperature Rheological and Fracture Test

Method for Bitumen Purchase Specifications
and Pavement Performance Prediction: 4-mm DSR/ABCD . . . . . . . . . 25
Michael J. Farrar, Sang-Soo Kim, Troy Pauli
and Jean Pascal Planche

Microstructure-Based Visco-Elastoplastic Continuum

Model of Asphalt Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Mohammad Hosein Zahabi, Mohammad M. Karimi
and Nader Tabatabaee

Estimation of Appropriate Filler Quantity in Asphalt

Mix from Microscopic Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Ambika Kuity and Animesh Das

A Mineralogical Approach of the Interactions Between Bitumen,

Clay and Water in Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Chi-Wei Chen, Vincent Gaudefroy, Myriam Duc,
Yannick Descantes, Ferhat Hammoum and Jean-Pierre Magnan

vii
viii Contents

Part II Innovative Testing of Bituminous Binders,

Additives and Modifiers

Storage Stability of Bituminous Binders Reinforced

with Nano-Additives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Ezio Santagata, Orazio Baglieri, Lucia Tsantilis
and Giuseppe Chiappinelli

Ageing Performances of Asphaltite Modified Bitumens;

Comparisons with Equivalent Petroleum Bitumens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Andrea Themeli, Emmanuel Chailleux, Fabienne Farcas,
Cyrille Chazallon, Bernard Migault and Gilles Didelet

The Interaction of Polyphosphoric Acid

with Bituminous Binders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Hilde Soenen, Serge Heyrman, Xiaohu Lu, Per Redelius
and John C. Edwards

LIBS: An Innovative Laboratory Technique

for the Characterisation of Bituminous Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Hélène Martin and Graziella Durand

Rheological Evaluation of Short- and Long-Term

Performance for Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) Binders . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Mohammed Sadeq, Eyad Masad, Hussain Al-Khalid,
Okan Sirin and Dallas Little

Rheological Characterization of Asphalt Binders

and Mixtures Modified with Carbon Nanotubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Haopeng Wang, Jun Yang and Minghui Gong

Part III Durability and Aging of Asphalt Pavements

Bitumen/Aggregate Affinity—Rilem Round Robin Test

on Rolling Bottle Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Laurent Porot, Jeroen Besamusca, Hilde Soenen,
Alex Apeagyei, James Grenfell and Dariusz Sybilski

Study on the Ageing Behavior of South American Bitumen . . . . . . . . . 165

S.A. Mohan, J.L.M. Voskuilen and S.A. Firtoe
Contents ix

Asphalt Mixture Sensitivity to Water and Frost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

Maciej Maliszewski, Adam Zofka, Dominika Maliszewska
and Dariusz Sybilski

Using Highly Oxidant Gas for Simulating Long-Term

Ageing of Asphalt Mix Specimens in the Lab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Daniel Steiner, Bernhard Hofko, Markus Hospodka, Florian Handle,
Lukas Eberhardsteiner, Josef Füssl, Hinrich Grothe and Ronald Blab

Methods for Analyzing the Chemical Mechanisms of Bitumen

Aging and Rejuvenation with FTIR Spectrometry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Peter Mikhailenko, Alexandra Bertron and Erick Ringot

LEAB-PA, A Half Warm Porous Asphalt Can Increase

the Lifetime. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
G. Gaarkeuken, M. Oosterveld, M.L.M. Sprenger
and J.L.M. Voskuilen

Part IV Mixture Design and Compaction Analysis

Production of Hot-Mix Asphalt with PMB: Compactability

and Mechanical Behaviour Characterization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Rui Micaelo, Ana Gameiro, Luís Quaresma
and Luís Picado-Santos

Compaction of Open-Graded HMAs Evaluated

by a Fuzzy Clustering Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Antonio Amadore, Gaetano Bosurgi, Orazio Pellegrino
and Giuseppe Sollazzo

Effects of Anisotropy on Performance of HMA Specimens

Due to Roller Compaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Bernhard Hofko and Ronald Blab

Reliance of Pavement Texture Characteristics on Mix-Design and

Compaction Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Giuseppe Cantisani, Antonio D’Andrea, Paola Di Mascio and Giuseppe
Loprencipe

Coloured Asphalt Pavements: Mix Design and Laboratory

Performance Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
Nathalie Piérard, Joëlle De Visscher, Stefan Vansteenkiste
and Ann Vanelstraete
x Contents

Evaluation of Air Voids in Reinstatement Materials

for Footways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
Ignacio Artamendi, Bob Allen, Chris Allpress, Phil Sabin
and Paul Phillips

Part V Advanced Characterization of Interlayer Systems

Inter-laboratory Shear Evaluation of Reinforced

Bituminous Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
Gilda Ferrotti, Antonio D’Andrea, Maciej Maliszewski,
Manfred N. Partl, Christiane Raab, Cesare Sangiorgi
and Francesco Canestrari

Comparison of Interlayer Bond Behavior Due to Ageing . . . . . . . . . . . 323

Christiane Raab, James Grenfell, A.O. Abd El Halim
and Manfred N. Partl

Investigation of Dilatancy Effects on Asphalt Interface

Shear Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
Cristina Tozzo, Nicola Fiore and Antonio D’Andrea

Field Study to Investigate the Impact of Conditions

of Application of Tack Coats on the Interlayer
Bond Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
Alexandra Destrée, Joëlle De Visscher, Nathalie Piérard
and Ann Vanelstraete

The Use of Four-Point Bending Notched Beam Fatigue

Tests to Rank Crack-Mitigating Interlayers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
Andrew D. Wargo, Shayan Safavizadeh and Richard Y. Kim

Effects on Bonding of Anti-reflective Cracking Solutions at the Top

Bituminous Interface of a Small Airport Pavement: A Laboratory
and Modeling Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371
Piergiorgio Tataranni, Cesare Sangiorgi, Andrea Simone,
Valeria Vignali, Pierpaolo Viola and Giulio Dondi

Geocomposite-Reinforcement of Polymer-Modified
Asphalt Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
Francesco Canestrari, Gilda Ferrotti, Musab Abuaddous
and Emiliano Pasquini
Contents xi

Part VI Modeling of Road Materials and Pavement

Performance Prediction

Prediction of the Mechanical Properties of Aged Asphalt

Mixes from FTIR Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
Miguel Perez-Martinez, Paul Marsac, Thomas Gabet
and Emmanuel Chailleux

Micromechanical Description of Bitumen Aging Behavior . . . . . . . . . . 411

Lukas Eberhardsteiner, Josef Füssl, Bernhard Hofko,
Florian Handle, Markus Hospodka, Ronald Blab
and Hinrich Grothe

Three Different Ways of Calibrating Burger’s Contact

Model for Viscoelastic Model of Asphalt Mixtures
by Discrete Element Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
Huan Feng, Matteo Pettinari and Henrik Stang

Experimental Investigation on Surface Performance

and Acoustic Absorption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435
Filippo Giammaria Praticò, Rosolino Vaiana and Teresa Iuele

PSV Tyre/Test Specimen Contact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447

David Woodward, Phillip Millar, Grainne McQuaid,
Rebecca McCall and Oisin Boyle

Surface Performance Characterization of Single-Layer

Surface Dressing: A Macrotexture Prediction Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459
Filippo Giammaria Praticò, Rosolino Vaiana and Teresa Iuele

Part VII Environmentally Sustainable Materials

and Technologies

Effect of Rejuvenator on Performance Properties of WMA

Mixtures with High RAP Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473
Mohammadreza Sabouri, Yeong-Tae Choi, Yizhuang Wang,
Sungdo Hwang, Cheolmin Baek and Richard Y. Kim
xii Contents

Effect of Warm Mix Chemical Additives

on the Binder-Aggregate Bond Strength and High-Service
Temperature Performance of Asphalt Mixes Containing Electric
Arc Furnace Steel Slag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485
Marco Pasetto, Giovanni Giacomello, Emiliano Pasquini
and Francesco Canestrari

Influence of Aging on the Rheological Behavior of Warm

Mix Asphalt Binders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497
K. Lakshmi Roja, Neethu Roy and J. Murali Krishnan

Laying of Warm Mix Asphalt: Study of the Feasibility

of the Workability Measure Modifying the Parameters
of the Standard Gyratory Shear Compactor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509
Angélique Fabre des Essarts, Anne Dony and Stéphane Faucon-Dumont

Laboratory Evaluation of Complex Modulus and Fatigue

Resistance of Asphalt Mixtures with RAP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521
A. Basueny, A. Carter, D. Perraton and M. Vaillancourt

Laboratory Testing Methods for Evaluating the Moisture Damage

on the Aggregate-Asphalt System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533
Sara Anastasio, Inge Hoff, Carl C. Thodesen and Hussain U. Bahia

Hydrothermal Study of Roads with De-freezing Surface,

Obtained by the Circulation of a Warm Fluid in a Bonding
Porous Asphalt Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545
S. Asfour, F. Bernardin, C. Mauduit, E. Toussaint and J.M. Piau

Mechanical Behaviour of Asphalt Concrete Containing

C&D Recycled Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557
Edoardo Bocci, Gianluca Cerni and Sandro Colagrande

Reuse of Waste Foundry Sand Mixed with Lateritic Clayey Soils

in Pavement Bases and Sub-bases Courses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569
Luis Miguel Gutiérrez Klinsky, Glauco Tulio Pessa Fabbri
and Vivian Silveira dos Santos Bardini

A Comparative Study of Bituminous Mixtures with Recycled

Polyethylene Added by Dry and Wet Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583
Silvia Angelone, Fernando Martinez and Marina Cauhape Casaux
Contents xiii

Rheological Characterization of Bituminous Mastics Containing

Waste Bleaching Clays. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595
Francesco Mazzotta, Cesare Sangiorgi, Valeria Vignali,
Claudio Lantieri and Giulio Dondi

Asphalt Mixture with RAP: Mix Design Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607

N. Bueche, A.-G. Dumont, M. Pittet and S. Bressi

Sustainable Urban Surface Asphalt Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619

Ramón Botella, Rodrigo Miró Recasens, Patricia Díaz Martín,
Antonio Ramírez Rodríguez, Francisco Guisado Mateo
and Emilio Moreno Martínez

Part VIII Advances in Laboratory Characterization

of Bituminous Materials

Experimental Investigation on the Combined Effects

of Physical Hardening and Chemical Ageing on Low Temperature
Properties of Bituminous Binders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631
Ezio Santagata, Orazio Baglieri, Davide Dalmazzo
and Lucia Tsantilis

Rheological Testing of Bitumen at Low Temperatures

with 4-mm DSR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643
Xiaohu Lu, Petri Uhlback and Hilde Soenen

Fatigue Rheological Characterization of Polymer-Modified

Bitumens and Mastics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655
Francesca Frigio, Gilda Ferrotti and Fabrizio Cardone

Influence of Hydrated Lime on Linear Viscoelastic

Properties of Bituminous Mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667
Cong Viet Phan, Hervé Di Benedetto, Cédric Sauzéat
and Didier Lesueur

Influence of Mineral Fillers and Their Fractional Voids

on Mastic Rheological and Mechanical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681
Elena Romeo, Valeria Ghizzardi, Silvia Rastelli
and Antonio Montepara
xiv Contents

Energy Dissipation in Asphalt Mixtures Observed

in Different Cyclic Stress-Controlled Fatigue Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693
Ivan Isailović, Augusto Cannone Falchetto
and Michael P. Wistuba

Deterioration of HMA Partially Saturated with Water

or Brine Subjected to Freeze-Thaw Cycles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705
Sébastien Lamothe, Daniel Perraton and Hervé Di Benedetto

Experimental Study of Moisture Sensitivity

of Aggregate-Bitumen Bonding Strength
Using a New Pull-Off Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719
Jizhe Zhang, Alex K. Apeagyei, James Grenfell
and Gordon D. Airey

Effect of Fine Aggregate Composition on Moisture Susceptibility

of Hot Mix Asphalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735
Gordon L.M. Leung and Alan W.G. Wong

Evaluation of Rutting Properties of Bituminous Binders

by Means of Single Shear Creep-Recovery (SSCR) Tests
and Correlation with Mixture Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745
Ezio Santagata, Orazio Baglieri, Muhammad Alam
and Pier Paolo Riviera

Mechanisms of Failure in Uniaxial Repeated Creep Test

and the Relationship to Aggregate Packing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 757
Nima Roohi Sefidmazgi and Hussain U. Bahia

Development of a Test and Classification Method

to Objectively Determine the Colour of Coloured
Bituminous Pavements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 773
Katleen Denolf, Nathalie Piérard and Ann Vanelstraete

A New Performance Test for Resistance to Ravelling

by Traffic: Laboratory and Field Experience in Belgium. . . . . . . . . . . 785
Joëlle De Visscher and Ann Vanelstraete

Part IX Field Measurement and In Situ Characterization

Active Filler’s Effect on In Situ Performances of Bitumen Emulsion

Recycled Mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 799
G. Betti, G. Airey, K. Jenkins, A. Marradi and G. Tebaldi
Contents xv

Innovative Longitudinal Joints Between New and Old

Porous Asphalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811
Jan Voskuilen and Lambert Houben

High Aircraft Tire Pressure Effects on HMA Airfield Pavements. . . . . 825

Navneet Garg, Qiang Li and Monir Haggag

Development of New Embedded Expansion Joint Using

High Flexibility Stone Mastic Asphalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837
Nobuya Okamoto, Takagi Kinoshita and Takashi Futagi

Development of Specifications and Guidelines for Hot

in-Place Recycling in Finland—Outline and Framework . . . . . . . . . . . 851
Michalina Makowska and Terhi Pellinen

Part X Recycling and Re-use in Road Pavements

Rheological Investigation of Asphalt Mixtures Containing

RAP and RAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 865
Augusto Cannone Falchetto, Ki Hoon Moon, Michael P. Wistuba and
Mihai O. Marasteanu

The Effect of Curing on the Mechanical Behavior

of Cement-Bitumen Treated Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 879
Carlotta Godenzoni, Fabrizio Cardone, Andrea Graziani
and Maurizio Bocci

Blending Simulation of RA and Virgin Binders

in Hot Recycled Mixtures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 891
Mohamad Mohajeri, André A.A. Molenaar
and Martin F.C. van de Ven

Thermal and Water Effects on Virgin Bitumen, Recycled

and Mastic Mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903
Salomé dos Santos, Lily D. Poulikakos and Manfred N. Partl

Comparative Analysis of Stiffness Modulus and Fatigue Resistance

of Asphalt Concretes Containing RAP Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915
Nicola Baldo, Evaggelos Manthos, Marco Pasetto
and A.F. Nikolaides
xvi Contents

In Plant Production of Hot Recycled Mixtures with High Reclaimed

Asphalt Pavement Content: A Performance Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . 927
Arianna Stimilli, Amedeo Virgili, Felice Giuliani
and Francesco Canestrari

Evaluation of a 100 % Rap Recycling Project in Fort

Wayne, Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 941
Geoffrey M. Rowe, John Barry and Ken Crawford

Hot Recycling of Reclaimed Asphalt Using a Bio-based Additive . . . . . 953

Andrea Grilli, Edoardo Bocci and Maurizio Bocci

Tests Campaign Analysis to Evaluate the Capability

of Fragmentation Test to Characterize Recycled Asphalt Pavement
(RAP) Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 965
D. Perraton, G. Tebaldi, E. Dave, F. Bilodeau, G. Giacomello,
A. Grilli, A. Graziani, M. Bocci, J. Grenfell, P. Muraya,
M. Pasetto, K. Kuna, A. Apeagyei, D. Lo Presti, G. Airey,
K. Jenkins, E. Hajj, M. Hugener and P. Marsac

Part XI Cracking and Damage Characterization

of Asphalt Pavements

Comparison of Laboratory Cracking Test Results with Field

Performance of Moderate and High RAP Content Surface
Mixtures on the NCAT Test Track. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 979
Randy C. West, Nam H. Tran, Adam J. Taylor and Richard J. Willis

Implementation of Laboratory Testing to Predict Low Temperature

Cracking Performance of Asphalt Pavements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 993
Eshan V. Dave, Benjamin Helmer, Chelsea Hanson,
Jared Munch and Luke Johanneck

Fatigue Performance of Stone Mastic Asphalt Designed

with the Bailey’s Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1005
Marco Pasetto and Nicola Baldo

Evaluation of Different Methods for the Estimation of the Bitumen

Fatigue Life with DSR Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1017
André Pereira, Rui Micaelo, Luís Quaresma
and Maria Teresa Cidade
Contents xvii

Evaluation of Crack Propagation in Asphalt Mixture

Through Photoelasticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1029
Stephan Büchler, Michael Wistuba
and Augusto Cannone Falchetto

Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1039

RILEM Publications

The following list is presenting the global offer of RILEM Publications, sorted by
series. Each publication is available in printed version and/or in online version.

RILEM Proceedings (PRO)

PRO 1: Durability of High Performance Concrete (ISBN: 2-912143-03-9); Ed.

H. Sommer
PRO 2: Chloride Penetration into Concrete (ISBN: 2-912143-00-04); Eds. L.-O.
Nilsson and J.-P. Ollivier
PRO 3: Evaluation and Strengthening of Existing Masonry Structures (ISBN:
2-912143-02-0); Eds. L. Binda and C. Modena
PRO 4: Concrete: From Material to Structure (ISBN: 2-912143-04-7); Eds. J.-P.
Bournazel and Y. Malier
PRO 5: The Role of Admixtures in High Performance Concrete (ISBN:
2-912143-05-5); Eds. J. G. Cabrera and R. Rivera-Villarreal
PRO 6: High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites—HPFRCC 3
(ISBN: 2-912143-06-3); Eds. H. W. Reinhardt and A. E. Naaman
PRO 7: 1st International RILEM Symposium on Self-Compacting Concrete (ISBN:
2-912143-09-8); Eds. Å. Skarendahl and Ö. Petersson
PRO 8: International RILEM Symposium on Timber Engineering (ISBN:
2-912143-10-1); Ed. L. Boström
PRO 9: 2nd International RILEM Symposium on Adhesion between Polymers and
Concrete ISAP ’99 (ISBN: 2-912143-11-X); Eds. Y. Ohama and M. Puterman
PRO 10: 3rd International RILEM Symposium on Durability of Building and
Construction Sealants (ISBN: 2-912143-13-6); Eds. A. T. Wolf
PRO 11: 4th International RILEM Conference on Reflective Cracking in
Pavements (ISBN: 2-912143-14-4); Eds. A. O. Abd El Halim, D. A. Taylor and
El H. H. Mohamed
PRO 12: International RILEM Workshop on Historic Mortars: Characteristics and
Tests (ISBN: 2-912143-15-2); Eds. P. Bartos, C. Groot and J. J. Hughes

xix
xx RILEM Publications

PRO 13: 2nd International RILEM Symposium on Hydration and Setting (ISBN:
2-912143-16-0); Ed. A. Nonat
PRO 14: Integrated Life-Cycle Design of Materials and Structures—ILCDES 2000
(ISBN: 951-758-408-3); (ISSN: 0356-9403); Ed. S. Sarja
PRO 15: Fifth RILEM Symposium on Fibre-Reinforced Concretes (FRC)—
BEFIB’2000 (ISBN: 2-912143-18-7); Eds. P. Rossi and G. Chanvillard
PRO 16: Life Prediction and Management of Concrete Structures (ISBN:
2-912143-19-5); Ed. D. Naus
PRO 17: Shrinkage of Concrete – Shrinkage 2000 (ISBN: 2-912143-20-9); Eds.
V. Baroghel-Bouny and P.-C. Aïtcin
PRO 18: Measurement and Interpretation of the On-Site Corrosion Rate (ISBN:
2-912143-21-7); Eds. C. Andrade, C. Alonso, J. Fullea, J. Polimon and
J. Rodriguez
PRO 19: Testing and Modelling the Chloride Ingress into Concrete (ISBN:
2-912143-22-5); Eds. C. Andrade and J. Kropp
PRO 20: 1st International RILEM Workshop on Microbial Impacts on Building
Materials (CD 02) (e-ISBN 978-2-35158-013-4); Ed. M. Ribas Silva
PRO 21: International RILEM Symposium on Connections between Steel and
Concrete (ISBN: 2-912143-25-X); Ed. R. Eligehausen
PRO 22: International RILEM Symposium on Joints in Timber Structures (ISBN:
2-912143-28-4); Eds. S. Aicher and H.-W. Reinhardt
PRO 23: International RILEM Conference on Early Age Cracking in Cementitious
Systems (ISBN: 2-912143-29-2); Eds. K. Kovler and A. Bentur
PRO 24: 2nd International RILEM Workshop on Frost Resistance of Concrete
(ISBN: 2-912143-30-6); Eds. M. J. Setzer, R. Auberg and H.-J. Keck
PRO 25: International RILEM Workshop on Frost Damage in Concrete (ISBN:
2-912143-31-4); Eds. D. J. Janssen, M. J. Setzer and M. B. Snyder
PRO 26: International RILEM Workshop on On-Site Control and Evaluation of
Masonry Structures (ISBN: 2-912143-34-9); Eds. L. Binda and R. C. de Vekey
PRO 27: International RILEM Symposium on Building Joint Sealants (CD03); Ed.
A. T. Wolf
PRO 28: 6th International RILEM Symposium on Performance Testing and
Evaluation of Bituminous Materials—PTEBM’03 (ISBN: 2-912143-35-7; e-ISBN:
978-2-912143-77-8); Ed. M. N. Partl
PRO 29: 2nd International RILEM Workshop on Life Prediction and Ageing
Management of Concrete Structures (ISBN: 2-912143-36-5); Ed. D. J. Naus
PRO 30: 4th International RILEM Workshop on High Performance Fiber
Reinforced Cement Composites—HPFRCC 4 (ISBN: 2-912143-37-3); Eds. A. E.
Naaman and H. W. Reinhardt
PRO 31: International RILEM Workshop on Test and Design Methods for Steel
Fibre Reinforced Concrete: Background and Experiences (ISBN: 2-912143-38-1);
Eds. B. Schnütgen and L. Vandewalle
PRO 32: International Conference on Advances in Concrete and Structures 2 vol.
(ISBN (set): 2-912143-41-1); Eds. Ying-shu Yuan, Surendra P. Shah and Heng-lin Lü
RILEM Publications xxi

PRO 33: 3rd International Symposium on Self-Compacting Concrete (ISBN:

2-912143-42-X); Eds. Ó. Wallevik and I. Níelsson
PRO 34: International RILEM Conference on Microbial Impact on Building
Materials (ISBN: 2-912143-43-8); Ed. M. Ribas Silva
PRO 35: International RILEM TC 186-ISA on Internal Sulfate Attack and Delayed
Ettringite Formation (ISBN: 2-912143-44-6); Eds. K. Scrivener and J. Skalny
PRO 36: International RILEM Symposium on Concrete Science and Engineering –
A Tribute to Arnon Bentur (ISBN: 2-912143-46-2); Eds. K. Kovler, J. Marchand,
S. Mindess and J. Weiss
PRO 37: 5th International RILEM Conference on Cracking in Pavements –
Mitigation, Risk Assessment and Prevention (ISBN: 2-912143-47-0); Eds. C. Petit,
I. Al-Qadi and A. Millien
PRO 38: 3rd International RILEM Workshop on Testing and Modelling the
Chloride Ingress into Concrete (ISBN: 2-912143-48-9); Eds. C. Andrade and
J. Kropp
PRO 39: 6th International RILEM Symposium on Fibre-Reinforced Concretes—
BEFIB 2004 (ISBN: 2-912143-51-9); Eds. M. Di Prisco, R. Felicetti and G.
A. Plizzari
PRO 40: International RILEM Conference on the Use of Recycled Materials in
Buildings and Structures (ISBN: 2-912143-52-7); Eds. E. Vázquez, Ch. F. Hendriks
and G. M. T. Janssen
PRO 41: RILEM International Symposium on Environment-Conscious Materials
and Systems for Sustainable Development (ISBN: 2-912143-55-1); Eds.
N. Kashino and Y. Ohama
PRO 42: SCC’2005—China: 1st International Symposium on Design, Performance
and Use of Self-Consolidating Concrete (ISBN: 2-912143-61-6); Eds. Zhiwu Yu,
Caijun Shi, Kamal Henri Khayat and Youjun Xie
PRO 43: International RILEM Workshop on Bonded Concrete Overlays (e-ISBN:
2-912143-83-7); Eds. J. L. Granju and J. Silfwerbrand
PRO 44: 2nd International RILEM Workshop on Microbial Impacts on Building
Materials (CD11) (e-ISBN: 2-912143-84-5); Ed. M. Ribas Silva
PRO 45: 2nd International Symposium on Nanotechnology in Construction, Bilbao
(ISBN: 2-912143-87-X); Eds. Peter J. M. Bartos, Yolanda de Miguel and Antonio
Porro
PRO 46: ConcreteLife’06—International RILEM-JCI Seminar on Concrete
Durability and Service Life Planning: Curing, Crack Control, Performance in Harsh
Environments (ISBN: 2-912143-89-6); Ed. K. Kovler
PRO 47: International RILEM Workshop on Performance Based Evaluation and
Indicators for Concrete Durability (ISBN: 978-2-912143-95-2); Eds. V. Baroghel-
Bouny, C. Andrade, R. Torrent and K. Scrivener
PRO 48: 1st International RILEM Symposium on Advances in Concrete through
Science and Engineering (e-ISBN: 2-912143-92-6); Eds. J. Weiss, K. Kovler,
J. Marchand, and S. Mindess
xxii RILEM Publications

PRO 49: International RILEM Workshop on High Performance Fiber Reinforced

Cementitious Composites in Structural Applications (ISBN: 2-912143-93-4); Eds.
G. Fischer and V.C. Li
PRO 50: 1st International RILEM Symposium on Textile Reinforced Concrete
(ISBN: 2-912143-97-7); Eds. Josef Hegger, Wolfgang Brameshuber and Norbert
Will
PRO 51: 2nd International Symposium on Advances in Concrete through Science
and Engineering (ISBN: 2-35158-003-6; e-ISBN: 2-35158-002-8); Eds.
J. Marchand, B. Bissonnette, R. Gagné, M. Jolin and F. Paradis
PRO 52: Volume Changes of Hardening Concrete: Testing and Mitigation (ISBN:
2-35158-004-4; e-ISBN: 2-35158-005-2); Eds. O. M. Jensen, P. Lura and K.
Kovler
PRO 53: High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites—HPFRCC5
(ISBN: 978-2-35158-046-2); Eds. H. W. Reinhardt and A. E. Naaman
PRO 54: 5th International RILEM Symposium on Self-Compacting Concrete
(ISBN: 978-2-35158-047-9); Eds. G. De Schutter and V. Boel
PRO 55: International RILEM Symposium Photocatalysis, Environment and
Construction Materials (ISBN: 978-2-35158-056-1); Eds. P. Baglioni and L.
Cassar
PRO 56: International RILEM Workshop on Integral Service Life Modelling of
Concrete Structures (ISBN 978-2-35158-058-5); Eds. R. M. Ferreira, J. Gulikers
and C. Andrade
PRO 57: RILEM Workshop on Performance of cement-based materials in
aggressive aqueous environments (e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-059-2); Ed. N. De Belie
PRO 58: International RILEM Symposium on Concrete Modelling—
CONMOD’08 (ISBN: 978-2-35158-060-8); Eds. E. Schlangen and G. De Schutter
PRO 59: International RILEM Conference on On Site Assessment of Concrete,
Masonry and Timber Structures—SACoMaTiS 2008 (ISBN set: 978-2-35158-
061-5); Eds. L. Binda, M. di Prisco and R. Felicetti
PRO 60: Seventh RILEM International Symposium on Fibre Reinforced Concrete:
Design and Applications—BEFIB 2008 (ISBN: 978-2-35158-064-6); Ed. R. Gettu
PRO 61: 1st International Conference on Microstructure Related Durability of
Cementitious Composites 2 vol., (ISBN: 978-2-35158-065-3); Eds. W. Sun, K. van
Breugel, C. Miao, G. Ye and H. Chen
PRO 62: NSF/ RILEM Workshop: In-situ Evaluation of Historic Wood and
Masonry Structures (e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-068-4); Eds. B. Kasal, R. Anthony and
M. Drdácký
PRO 63: Concrete in Aggressive Aqueous Environments: Performance, Testing
and Modelling, 2 vol., (ISBN: 978-2-35158-071-4); Eds. M. G. Alexander and A.
Bertron
PRO 64: Long Term Performance of Cementitious Barriers and Reinforced
Concrete in Nuclear Power Plants and Waste Management—NUCPERF 2009
(ISBN: 978-2-35158-072-1); Eds. V. L’Hostis, R. Gens, C. Gallé
PRO 65: Design Performance and Use of Self-consolidating Concrete—SCC’2009
(ISBN: 978-2-35158-073-8); Eds. C. Shi, Z. Yu, K. H. Khayat and P. Yan
RILEM Publications xxiii

PRO 66: 2nd International RILEM Workshop on Concrete Durability and Service
Life Planning—ConcreteLife’09 (ISBN: 978-2-35158-074-5); Ed. K. Kovler
PRO 67: Repairs Mortars for Historic Masonry (e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-083-7); Ed.
C. Groot
PRO 68: Proceedings of the 3rd International RILEM Symposium on ‘Rheology of
Cement Suspensions such as Fresh Concrete (ISBN 978-2-35158-091-2); Eds.
O. H. Wallevik, S. Kubens and S. Oesterheld
PRO 69: 3rd International PhD Student Workshop on ‘Modelling the Durability of
Reinforced Concrete (ISBN: 978-2-35158-095-0); Eds. R. M. Ferreira, J. Gulikers
and C. Andrade
PRO 70: 2nd International Conference on ‘Service Life Design for Infrastructure’
(ISBN set: 978-2-35158-096-7, e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-097-4); Ed. K. van Breugel,
G. Ye and Y. Yuan
PRO 71: Advances in Civil Engineering Materials—The 50-year Teaching
Anniversary of Prof. Sun Wei’ (ISBN: 978-2-35158-098-1; e-ISBN:
978-2-35158-099-8); Eds. C. Miao, G. Ye, and H. Chen
PRO 72: First International Conference on ‘Advances in Chemically-Activated
Materials—CAM’2010’ (2010), 264 pp., ISBN: 978-2-35158-101-8; e-ISBN:
978-2-35158-115-5, Eds. Caijun Shi and Xiaodong Shen
PRO 73: 2nd International Conference on ‘Waste Engineering and Management—
ICWEM 2010’ (2010), 894 pp., ISBN: 978-2-35158-102-5; e-ISBN:
978-2-35158-103-2, Eds. J. Zh. Xiao, Y. Zhang, M. S. Cheung and R. Chu
PRO 74: International RILEM Conference on ‘Use of Superabsorsorbent Polymers
and Other New Addditives in Concrete’ (2010) 374 pp., ISBN: 978-2-35158-104-9;
e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-105-6; Eds. O.M. Jensen, M.T. Hasholt, and S. Laustsen
PRO 75: International Conference on ‘Material Science—2nd ICTRC—Textile
Reinforced Concrete—Theme 1’ (2010) 436 pp., ISBN: 978-2-35158-106-3;
e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-107-0; Ed. W. Brameshuber
PRO 76: International Conference on ‘Material Science—HetMat—Modelling of
Heterogeneous Materials—Theme 2’ (2010) 255 pp., ISBN: 978-2-35158-108-7;
e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-109-4; Ed. W. Brameshuber
PRO 77: International Conference on ‘Material Science—AdIPoC—Additions
Improving Properties of Concrete—Theme 3’ (2010) 459 pp., ISBN:
978-2-35158-110-0; e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-111-7; Ed. W. Brameshuber
PRO 78: 2nd Historic Mortars Conference and RILEM TC 203-RHM Final
Workshop—HMC2010 (2010) 1416 pp., e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-112-4; Eds J.
Válek, C. Groot, and J. J. Hughes
PRO 79: International RILEM Conference on Advances in Construction Materials
Through Science and Engineering (2011) 213 pp., e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-117-9;
Eds Christopher Leung and K.T. Wan
PRO 80: 2nd International RILEM Conference on Concrete Spalling due to Fire
Exposure (2011) 453 pp., ISBN: 978-2-35158-118-6, e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-119-3;
Eds E.A.B. Koenders and F. Dehn
PRO 81: 2nd International RILEM Conference on Strain Hardening Cementitious
Composites (SHCC2-Rio) (2011) 451 pp., ISBN: 978-2-35158-120-9, e-ISBN:
xxiv RILEM Publications

978-2-35158-121-6; Eds R.D. Toledo Filho, F.A. Silva, E.A.B. Koenders and E.M.
R. Fairbairn
PRO 82: 2nd International RILEM Conference on Progress of Recycling in the
Built Environment (2011) 507 pp., e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-122-3; Eds V.M. John, E.
Vazquez, S.C. Angulo and C. Ulsen
PRO 83: 2nd International Conference on Microstructural-related Durability of
Cementitious Composites (2012) 250 pp., ISBN: 978-2-35158-129-2; e-ISBN:
978-2-35158-123-0; Eds G. Ye, K. van Breugel, W. Sun and C. Miao
PRO 85: RILEM-JCI International Workshop on Crack Control of Mass Concrete
and Related issues concerning Early-Age of Concrete Structures—ConCrack 3—
Control of Cracking in Concrete Structures 3 (2012) 237 pp., ISBN:
978-2-35158-125-4; e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-126-1; Eds F. Toutlemonde and J.-M.
Torrenti
PRO 86: International Symposium on Life Cycle Assessment and Construction
(2012) 414 pp., ISBN: 978-2-35158-127-8, e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-128-5; Eds A.
Ventura and C. de la Roche
PRO 87: UHPFRC 2013—RILEM-fib-AFGC International Symposium on
Ultra-High Performance Fibre-Reinforced Concrete (2013), ISBN: 978-2-35158-
130-8, e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-131-5; Eds F. Toutlemonde
PRO 88: 8th RILEM International Symposium on Fibre Reinforced Concrete
(2012) 344 pp., ISBN: 978-2-35158-132-2, e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-133-9; Eds
Joaquim A.O. Barros
PRO 89: RILEM International workshop on performance-based specification and
control of concrete durability (2014) 678 pp, ISBN: 978-2-35158-135-3, e-ISBN:
978-2-35158-136-0; Eds. D. Bjegović, H. Beushausen and M. Serdar
PRO 90: 7th RILEM International Conference on Self-Compacting Concrete and
of the 1st RILEM International Conference on Rheology and Processing of
Construction Materials (2013) 396 pp, ISBN: 978-2-35158-137-7, e-ISBN:
978-2-35158-138-4, Eds. Nicolas Roussel and Hela Bessaies-Bey
PRO 91 draft: CONMOD 2014—RILEM International Symposium on Concrete
Modelling (2014), ISBN: 978-2-35158-139-1; e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-140-7
PRO 92: CAM 2014—2nd International Conference on advances in
chemically-activated materials (2014) 392 pp., ISBN: 978-2-35158-141-4; e-ISBN:
978-2-35158-142-1, Eds. Caijun Shi and Xiadong Shen
PRO 93: SCC 2014—3rd International Symposium on Design, Performance and
Use of Self-Consolidating Concrete (2014) 438 pp., ISBN: 978-2-35158-143-8;
e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-144-5, Eds. Caijun Shi, Zhihua Ou, Kamal H. Khayat
PRO 94 (online version): HPFRCC-7—7th RILEM conference on High perfor-
mance fiber reinforced cement composites, e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-146-9, Eds. H.W.
Reinhardt, G.J. Parra-Montesinos, H. Garrecht
PRO 95: International RILEM Conference on Application of superabsorbent
polymers and other new admixtures in concrete construction, ISBN:
978-2-35158-147-6; e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-148-3, Eds. Viktor Mechtcherine,
Christof Schroefl
RILEM Publications xxv

PRO 96 (online version): XIII DBMC: XIII International Conference on

Durability of Building Materials and Components, e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-149-0,
Eds. M. Quattrone, V.M. John
PRO 97: SHCC3—3rd International RILEM Conference on Strain Hardening
Cementitious Composites, ISBN: 978-2-35158-150-6; e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-
151-3, Eds. E. Schlangen, M.G. Sierra Beltran, M. Lukovic, G. Ye
PRO 98: FERRO-11—11th International Symposium on Ferrocement and 3rd
ICTRC—International Conference on Textile Reinforced Concrete, ISBN:
978-2-35158-152-0; e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-153-7, Ed. W. Brameshuber
PRO 99 (online version): ICBBM 2015—1st International Conference on
Bio-Based Building Materials, e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-154-4, Eds. S. Amaziane, M.
Sonebi
PRO 100: SCC16—RILEM Self-Consolidating Concrete Conference, ISBN:
978-2-35158-156-8; e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-157-5
PRO 101 (online version): III Progress of Recycling in the Built Environment,
e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-158-2, Eds. M. Quattrone, V.M. John

RILEM Reports (REP)

Report 19: Considerations for Use in Managing the Aging of Nuclear Power Plant
Concrete Structures (ISBN: 2-912143-07-1); Ed. D. J. Naus
Report 20: Engineering and Transport Properties of the Interfacial Transition Zone
in Cementitious Composites (ISBN: 2-912143-08-X); Eds. M. G. Alexander, G.
Arliguie, G. Ballivy, A. Bentur and J. Marchand
Report 21: Durability of Building Sealants (ISBN: 2-912143-12-8); Ed. A. T. Wolf
Report 22: Sustainable Raw Materials—Construction and Demolition Waste
(ISBN: 2-912143-17-9); Eds. C. F. Hendriks and H. S. Pietersen
Report 23: Self-Compacting Concrete state-of-the-art report (ISBN: 2-912143-
23-3); Eds. Å. Skarendahl and Ö. Petersson
Report 24: Workability and Rheology of Fresh Concrete: Compendium of Tests
(ISBN: 2-912143-32-2); Eds. P. J. M. Bartos, M. Sonebi and A. K. Tamimi
Report 25: Early Age Cracking in Cementitious Systems (ISBN: 2-912143-33-0);
Ed. A. Bentur
Report 26: Towards Sustainable Roofing (Joint Committee CIB/RILEM) (CD 07)
(e-ISBN 978-2-912143-65-5); Eds. Thomas W. Hutchinson and Keith Roberts
Report 27: Condition Assessment of Roofs (Joint Committee CIB/RILEM) (CD 08)
(e-ISBN 978-2-912143-66-2); Ed. CIB W 83/RILEM TC166-RMS
Report 28: Final report of RILEM TC 167-COM ‘Characterisation of Old Mortars
with Respect to Their Repair (ISBN: 978-2-912143-56-3); Eds. C. Groot, G. Ashall
and J. Hughes
Report 29: Pavement Performance Prediction and Evaluation (PPPE):
Interlaboratory Tests(e-ISBN: 2-912143-68-3); Eds. M. Partl and H. Piber
Report 30: Final Report of RILEM TC 198-URM ‘Use of Recycled Materials’
(ISBN: 2-912143-82-9; e-ISBN: 2-912143-69-1); Eds. Ch. F. Hendriks, G. M. T.
Janssen and E. Vázquez
xxvi RILEM Publications

Report 31: Final Report of RILEM TC 185-ATC ‘Advanced testing of

cement-based materials during setting and hardening’ (ISBN: 2-912143-81-0;
e-ISBN: 2-912143-70-5); Eds. H. W. Reinhardt and C. U. Grosse
Report 32: Probabilistic Assessment of Existing Structures. A JCSS publication
(ISBN 2-912143-24-1); Ed. D. Diamantidis
Report 33: State-of-the-Art Report of RILEM Technical Committee TC 184-IFE
‘Industrial Floors’ (ISBN 2-35158-006-0); Ed. P. Seidler
Report 34: Report of RILEM Technical Committee TC 147-FMB ‘Fracture
mechanics applications to anchorage and bond’ Tension of Reinforced Concrete
Prisms – Round Robin Analysis and Tests on Bond (e-ISBN 2-912143-91-8); Eds.
L. Elfgren and K. Noghabai
Report 35: Final Report of RILEM Technical Committee TC 188-CSC ‘Casting of
Self Compacting Concrete’ (ISBN 2-35158-001-X; e-ISBN: 2-912143-98-5); Eds.
Å. Skarendahl and P. Billberg
Report 36: State-of-the-Art Report of RILEM Technical Committee TC 201-TRC
‘Textile Rein-forced Concrete’ (ISBN 2-912143-99-3); Ed. W. Brameshuber
Report 37: State-of-the-Art Report of RILEM Technical Committee TC 192-ECM
‘Environment-conscious construction materials and systems’ (ISBN: 978-2-35158-
053-0); Eds. N. Kashino, D. Van Gemert and K. Imamoto
Report 38: State-of-the-Art Report of RILEM Technical Committee TC 205-DSC
‘Durability of Self-Compacting Concrete’ (ISBN: 978-2-35158-048-6); Eds. G. De
Schutter and K. Audenaert
Report 39: Final Report of RILEM Technical Committee TC 187-SOC
‘Experimental determination of the stress-crack opening curve for concrete in
tension’ (ISBN 978-2-35158-049-3); Ed. J. Planas
Report 40: State-of-the-Art Report of RILEM Technical Committee TC 189-NEC
‘Non-Destructive Evaluation of the Penetrability and Thickness of the Concrete
Cover’ (ISBN 978-2-35158-054-7); Eds. R. Torrent and L. Fernández Luco
Report 41: State-of-the-Art Report of RILEM Technical Committee TC 196-ICC
‘Internal Curing of Concrete’ (ISBN 978-2-35158-009-7); Eds. K. Kovler and O.
M. Jensen
Report 42: ‘Acoustic Emission and Related Non-destructive Evaluation Techniques
for Crack Detection and Damage Evaluation in Concrete’—Final Report of RILEM
Technical Committee 212-ACD (e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-100-1); Ed. M. Ohtsu
 Part I
Characterization of Binder-Aggregate
Interaction
Development of Failure Master Curve
for Asphalt Mastics Characterization

Pouya Teymourpour and Hussain U. Bahia

Abstract Low temperature performance grading currently relies solely on Bending

Beam Rheometer (BBR) for determining low temperature creep stiffness (S) and rate
of modulus relaxation (m-value) at 60 s, both determined at low stress-strain levels,
in the pre-failure zones. This aspect raises questions with regard to applicability of
properties derived from the linear viscoelastic range for prediction of asphalt binder
thermal cracking behavior. Furthermore, many researchers have reported a dis-
crepancy between field cracking severity and predictions based on asphalt binder
properties since the asphalt binder-aggregate interaction is non-existent in asphalt
binder testing. Therefore evaluation of asphalt mastics properties which could save a
considerable amount of time and equipment in comparison to mixture testing should
be prioritized. These challenges indicate that considering fracture properties of
asphalt mastics could be a better approach for prediction of thermal cracking in
asphalt pavements. It is believed that development of failure master curves for the
damage characterization of asphalt mastics at different temperatures and loading
rates would be beneficial for better characterization of resistance to thermal cracking.
Therefore, this study presents framework and preliminary results on the develop-
ment of such asphalt mastic failure master curves using the new BBR-SENB test for
damage resistance characterization. The complexity of the visco-elastic behavior of
asphalt mastics in terms of time and temperature dependency is also recognized by
the sensitivity of the failure properties to changes in loading time and temperature.

Keywords Asphalt mastic failure master curves Strain at failure
Single edge



notch-bending (SENB) Rheology Visco-elastic behaviour

P. Teymourpour (&)
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison,
3346 Engineering Hall, 1415 Engineering Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA
e-mail: teymourpour@wisc.edu
H.U. Bahia
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison,
3350 Engineering Hall, 1415 Engineering Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA
e-mail: bahia@engr.wisc.edu

© RILEM 2016 3
F. Canestrari and M.N. Partl (eds.), 8th RILEM International Symposium
on Testing and Characterization of Sustainable and Innovative Bituminous
Materials, RILEM Bookseries 11, DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-7342-3_1
4 P. Teymourpour and H.U. Bahia

1 Introduction and Background

Since early 1900s the importance of the material selection for performance of
asphalt mixtures has been realized and studied. Superpave, as the final product of
the SHRP asphalt program is a performance related asphalt binder and mixture
specification currently used in North America. Current Superpave asphalt binder
specifications are based on linear viscoelastic properties and were primarily
developed for unmodified asphalt binders. However, research has demonstrated the
importance of damage resistance characterization of asphalt binders with respect to
pavement distresses (Bahia et al. 2001). Given the increased complexity of mixes
currently being produced, including WMA, mixes with high recycled components
content, etc. and the fact that mixes accepted under the current specification
framework exhibit varying levels of distress while in-service, it is essentially
important to incorporate the damage characterization of asphalt materials.
Low temperature cracking is one of the major distresses in asphalt pavement
which is a source of pavement deterioration and structural failure. Thermal cracks in
asphalt pavement form as a result of high cooling rates and/or low pavement
temperature drops due to climatic events. Asphalt research community has inves-
tigated thermal cracking extensively in the past two decades and yet it remains one
of the most challenging pavement distresses to be evaluated and predicted.
Significant progresses have been made in understanding the mechanisms and fac-
tors affecting this distress. However current low temperature specification relies on
the rheological performance indicators as well as the time-temperature superposi-
tion principles under linear viscoelastic small stress-strain conditions. Low tem-
perature performance grading currently relies solely on Bending Beam Rheometer
(BBR) for determining low temperature creep stiffness (S) and rate of modulus
relaxation (m-value) at 60 s, both determined at low stress-strain levels, in the
pre-failure zones. This aspect raises questions with regard to applicability of
properties derived from the linear viscoelastic range for prediction of asphalt binder
failure properties, especially for modified asphalt binders.
Polymers and polymer-based composite materials usually exhibit
time-dependent behavior. Relationship between time and temperature has been
significantly important in investigating these types of materials. The
time-temperature superposition is one of the most efficient methods for predicting
the long-term behavior of polymers. This principle in which time is equivalent to
temperature for viscoelastic materials was first proposed by Lenderman in 1943
(Starkova and Aniskevich 2009; Cheng and Yang 2005). Williams, Landel and
Ferry subsequently proposed a semi empirical formula based on the concept of free
volume to describe the principle quantitatively known as Williams-Landel-Ferry
equation (Williams et al. 1955; Cheng and Yang 2005). The TTS principle has also
been shown that can be applicable to asphalt materials and these types of materials
can have thermo-rheologically simple behavior in small strain deformations. This
implies that properties of the material at different set of conditions can be predicted
by a limited set of stress-strain measurements under a given set of temperature and
Another random document with
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 Chapter XX.
THE ORDER OF THE LESSER SANCTIFICATION
OF WATER.

A table covered with brocade is placed in the middle of the church

in the customary place, and water in a stoup. And the priest, having
put on epitrachelion and phelonion, and holding in his hand the
honourable cross with an aspergillus, is preceded by the deacon with
the censer, and by two light-bearers with tapers. And having come
before the table, he layeth thereupon the cross, and, taking the
censer, he censeth the water crosswise, and beginneth as
customarily. And the priest having blessed, we begin psalm cxlii.
O Lord, hear my prayer....
Then, God is the Lord, and hath manifested himself unto us....
thrice, in tone iv.
And the present troparia, tone iv.
To the God-bearing one we now earnestly hie, we, sinful and lowly
ones, and bow down, crying in penitence from the depth of the soul,
Help us, O Queen, being pitiful unto us: make speed, we are undone
by the multitude of iniquities: turn not thy servants empty away; for
thee we hold indeed an only trust. Twice.
At no time, will we, unworthy ones, be silent, God-bearing one, to
tell of thy mighty acts; for, hadst thou not prevented with
intercession, who would have delivered us out of so many dangers?
and who would have kept us free until now? We will not turn away
from thee, O Queen; for thou ever savest thy servants from all ills.
Then, psalm l. Have mercy upon me, O God....
Then we sing these troparia, tone vi.
 Thou that didst receive the salutation of the Angel, and didst bring
forth thy Creator, save, O Virgin, them that magnify thee.
The first troparion is said twice.
We sing praises unto thy Son, God-bearing one, and cry, O most
pure Queen, deliver thy servants from every danger.
Thou art the boast of kings, of prophets and apostles, and of
martyrs, and the mediatress of the world, All-undefiled one.
Every tongue of the orthodox praiseth, and blesseth, and glorifieth
thy most pure childbirth, O god-wedded Mary.
Grant even unto me, an unworthy one, O my Christ, forgiveness of
trespasses, I beseech thee, through the prayers of her that bore
thee, as being compassionate.
I have put my trust in thee, God-bearing one: save me by thy
prayers, and grant me forgiveness of iniquities.
Quicken me, O thou that didst bring forth the life-giver and
Saviour: save me, by thy prayers, thou blessed trust of our souls.
All-undefiled Virgin, who didst conceive in thy womb the Creator of
all things, save our souls by thy prayers.
God-bearing one all-praised, who by word didst above word bring
forth the Word, pray him to save our souls.
Propitiate towards me the judge and thy Son, me, above every
man most iniquitous, effecting this by thy prayers, O thou Queen.
As it is meet we cry to thee, Hail, God-bearing one, pure ever-
virgin! entreating to be saved by thy prayers.
Deliver me from the everlasting fire and the torments that await
me, O parent of God, that I may bless thee.
Despise not the supplications of thy servants, O Queen all-
extolled, we beseech thee, that we may be delivered from every
besetment,
From ailments, and from all afflictions, and from dangers deliver
us, even us who fly to thy sacred protection.
 Strange is the wonder appertaining thee, God-conceiving one; for
the creator of all things, and our God, for our sake and like us, was
born of thee.
Thy temple, God-bearing one, is declared a free hospital for the
sick, and a place of consolation for afflicted souls.
Most holy God-bearing one, who didst bring forth the Saviour,
save thy servants from dangers, and from every other necessity.
Deliver thy servants from every approaching menace, O most pure
Queen, and from every spiritual and bodily harm.
By thy prayers, O God-bearing Virgin, save all them that betake
themselves to thee, and deliver them from every want and affliction.
Who hieth to thy temple, O most pure God-bearing one, and
receiveth not quickly a spiritual and also a bodily healing?
O Compassionate One, who art besought by all saints and by
hosts on high, cleanse me through her that bore thee.
Spare, O Saviour, the souls of our brethren, who have died in
hope of life, and pardon and forgive their iniquities.
Hail, Virgin, propitiation of the world! hail, vase of divine manna
and golden candlestick of light, O Bride of God!
We sing thee, one God in Trinity, uttering the thrice-holy voice, and
praying that we may obtain salvation.
Glory.
O Virgin, who didst bring forth the Saviour, and Master, and Lord
of the world! beseech him to save our souls.
Both now.
Hail, mountain! hail, bush! hail, gate! hail, ladder! hail, divine table!
hail, Queen, aid of all!
Through the prayers, O Gracious One, of thy most pure Mother,
and of all thy Saints, bestow thy mercies upon thy people.
Through the prayers of the glorious Archangels and Angels, and of
the hosts on high, safeguard thy servants, O Saviour.
 Through the prayers of thine honourable and glorious Baptist, the
prophet, the forerunner, O Christ, my Saviour, preserve thy servants.
Through the prayers of glorious apostles and martyrs, and of all
thy Saints, bestow thy mercies upon thy people.
Through the prayers of the glorious unmercenary ones, O God-
bearing one, preserve thy servants, as being the protection and
stablishing of the world.
Glory.
Let us glorify the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Ghost, saying,
O Holy Trinity, save our souls.
Both now.
Thou that unspeakably to the uttermost didst conceive and bring
forth thy Creator, save, O Virgin, them that magnify thee.
Then,
Open unto us the gates of mercy, O blessed God-bearing one, that
we perish not who put our trust in thee, but through thee may we be
delivered from dangers; for thou art the salvation of the christian
race.
Then, Let us pray to the Lord.
Priest. For holy art thou, O our God....
Choir. Amen.
Then the present troparia, tone vi.
Now present is the time that halloweth all, and the just Judge
awaiteth us. Then turn thyself to penitence, O soul, exclaiming, as
the harlot did, with tears, O Lord, be merciful to me.
Thou, who to-day the healing fountain in the Virgin’s all-revered
temple hast with waters shower’d, dost with the sprinkling of thy
blessing quell the ailments of the weak, O Christ, physician of our
bodies and our souls.
A virgin who no nuptials knew thou didst bring forth, and thou,
unwedded mother, virgin didst remain, God-bearing Mary: O pray
Christ our God that we be sav’d.
Most pure God-bearing Virgin, do thou direct our works, and pray
for pardon of our trespasses, as we the angelic song upraise,
Holy God, holy mighty one, holy immortal one, have mercy upon
us.
And it is sung as customarily, and, after the trisagion, the deacon
saith, Let us attend.
Priest. Peace to all.
Choir. And to thy spirit.
Reader, the prokimenon, tone iii.
The Lord is mine illumination and my Saviour, whom shall I fear?
Verse. The Lord is the defence of my life, of whom shall I be
afraid?
The epistle to the Hebrews, section cccvi.
Brethren, he that sanctifieth ... ending, them that are tempted[51]
Priest. Peace to thee.
Alleluia, tone vi.
Verse i. My heart uttereth a good word.
Verse ii. I speak of my works unto the King.
The gospel from John, section xiv.
At that time Jesus went up ..., ending, whatsoever disease he had.
[52]

Then the deacon the ectenia.

In peace let us pray to the Lord.
For the peace that is from above....
For the peace of the whole world....
For this holy temple....
 For the Most Holy Governing Synod....
For our Most Pious....
That he would assist them and subdue under Their feet....
For this city.... (if it is a monastery)
For this holy habitation....
For healthiness of weather....
For them that voyage, that journey....
That this water may be hallowed by the might, and operation, and
visitation of the Holy Ghost.
That there may come down into this water the cleansing operation
of the supersubstantial Trinity.
That this water may be to the healing of soul and body, and to the
turning aside of every opposing might.
That the Lord God may send down the blessing of Jordan, and
hallow this water.
For all them that need help and assistance from God.
That we may be illuminated with the illumination of understanding
by the consubstantial Trinity.
That the Lord God may declare us sons and inheritors of his
kingdom, through partaking of this water, and through being
sprinkled therewith.
For our deliverance from every affliction....
Help us, save us, have mercy on us....
Commemorating our most holy, most pure....
Choir. To thee, O Lord.
Exclamation.
For to thee is due all glory....
Then this prayer.
O Lord our God, mighty in counsel, and wonderful in works, Maker of
all creation, who keepest thy covenant and thy mercy towards them
that love thee and that keep thy commandments, who acceptest the
piteous tears of all them that are in need; for for this cause thou didst
come in the form of a servant, not terrifying us with phantoms, but
vouchsafing true bodily healing, and saying, Behold, thou art made
whole, sin no more: yea, thou didst with clay restore the eyes of the
blind, and didst bid him wash, and by a word didst make him see, O
thou that breakest the waves of adverse passions, and driest up the
salt sea of this life, and quellest the billows of lusts that are hard to
be endured; do thou thyself, O man-loving King, who hast given unto
us to be invested with a snow-white robe by water and the Spirit, by
the partaking of this water, and by being sprinkled therewith, send
down upon us thy blessing, which taketh away the defilement of
passions. Yea, O Blessed One, we pray thee to visit our infirmities,
and to heal our spiritual and bodily weaknesses by thy mercy:
through the prayers of our altogether most pure, most blessed Lady,
the God-bearing ever-virgin Mary; through the might of the
honourable and life-effecting cross; through the intercessions of the
honourable heavenly bodiless hosts; of the honourable glorious
prophet, forerunner, and baptist, John; of the holy glorious and all-
praised apostles; of our venerable and god-bearing fathers; of our
fathers in the saints, the great hierarchs and ecumenical doctors,
Basil the great, Gregory the theologian, and John Chrysostom; of our
fathers in the saints, Athanasius and Cyril, patriarchs of Alexandria;
of our father in the saints, Spyridon, wonderworker of Trimythes; of
our father in the saints, archbishop Nicolas, wonderworker of
Myrlicia; of our fathers in the saints, Peter, Alexis, Jonas, and Philip,
wonderworkers of all Russia; of the holy and glorious great martyr,
George, the triumphant; of the holy and glorious great martyr,
Demetrius, the myrrh-emitter: of the holy and excellently victorious
martyrs; of the holy and righteous god-progenitors, Joakim and
Anna; of the holy glorious and unmercenary wonderworkers,
Cosmas and Damian, Cyrus and John, Pantelimon and Hermolaus,
Sampson and Diomed, Mocius and Anicetus, Thalaleus and
Tryphon; and of the holy, name, whose memory we keep, and of all
thy Saints.
 And preserve, O Lord, thy Servant, our Most Pious, Autocratic,
Great Lord, THE EMPEROR ALEXANDER ALEXANDROVITCH, of
all Russia. Thrice.
And His Consort, the Most Pious Lady, THE EMPRESS MARIA
THEODOROVNA.
And His Heir, the Right-believing Lord, the Cesarevitch and Grand
Duke, NICOLAUS ALEXANDROVITCH, and all the reigning House.
Save, O Lord, and have mercy upon the Most Holy Governing
Synod, give unto them spiritual and bodily health, and be gracious in
all things to this thy ministration of the christian polity. Remember, O
Lord, every episcopate of the right-believers, that rightly divide the
word of thy truth, and every priestly and monastic order, and their
salvation. Remember, O Lord, them that hate and them that love us,
our ministering brethren here present, and them that for a blessed
cause are absent and have desired us, unworthy ones, to pray for
them. Remember, O Lord, our brethren that are in bonds and
afflictions, and have mercy upon them according to thy great mercy,
delivering them from every need. For thou art the fountain of healing,
O Christ our God, and to thee we ascribe glory, with thine
unbeginning Father, and with thy most holy, and good, and life-
creating Spirit, now and ever, and to ages of ages.
Choir. Amen.
Priest. Peace to all.
Choir. And to thy spirit.
Deacon. Bow your heads to the Lord.
Choir. To thee, O Lord.
And the priest secretly the prayer.
Incline thine ear, O Lord, and hearken unto us, thou who didst
vouchsafe to be baptized in Jordan, and didst hallow the waters; and
do thou bless us all, who through the bending of our necks indicate
the representation of service; and count us worthy to be filled with
thy sanctification through the partaking of this water; and may it be
unto us, O Lord, for the healing of soul and body.
 Exclamation. For thou art our sanctification, and to thee we
ascribe glory, and thanksgiving, and worship, with thine unbeginning
Father, and with thine all-holy, and good, and life-creating Spirit, now
and ever, and to ages of ages.
Choir. Amen.
Then, taking the honourable cross, he blesseth the water thrice,
dipping it and raising it perpendicularly in the form of a cross, and
singing the present troparion in tone i thrice.
O Lord, save thy people, and bless thine inheritance, granting
victory to our Right-believing EMPEROR, name, over enemies, and
preserving thine estate by thy cross.
And after this they sing this troparion, tone ii.
Make us worthy of thy gifts, O God-bearing Virgin, overlooking our
iniquities, and vouchsafing cures unto them that in faith receive thy
blessing, O thou most pure.
Then the priest kisseth the honourable cross, as also do all the
people, and he sprinkleth all with the sanctified water, and the altar,
and the whole church. And the people sing the present troparia, tone
iv.
Having a fountain of remedies, O holy unmercenary ones, ye
bestow healings unto all that are in need, as being counted worthy of
mighty gifts from the ever-flowing fountain of our Saviour; for the
Lord hath said unto you, as unto co-emulators of the apostles,
Behold, I have given unto you power over unclean spirits so as to
cast them out, and to heal every sickness and every wound.
Therefore in his commandments having virtuously liv’d, freely ye
receiv’d, freely ye bestow, healing the sufferings of our souls and
bodies.
Attend unto the supplications of thy servants, thou altogether
undefiled one, quelling the uprisings of evils against us, and
releasing us from every affliction; for thee we have alone a sure and
certain confirmation, and we have gained thy mediation that we may
not be put to shame, O Queen, who call upon thee, Be instant in
supplication for them that faithfully exclaim to thee, Hail, Queen, thou
aid of all, the joy and safeguard, and salvation of our souls!
Accept the prayers of thy servants, O Queen, and deliver us from
every necessity and grief.
And, after the sprinkling, the ectenia.
Have mercy upon us, O God....
Furthermore let us pray for the preservation of this holy habitation,
and of every city and country, from famine, pestilence, earthquake,
flood, fire, sword, invasion of strangers, and civil war, that our good
and man-loving God may be gracious and favourably disposed to
turn away from us every rage that riseth against us, and to deliver us
from his impending and righteous threatening, and to have mercy
upon us.
Lord, have mercy, xl.
And the priest exclaimeth,
Hear us, O God our Saviour, thou hope of all the ends of the
earth.... and the rest.
Choir. Amen.
Priest. Peace to all.
Choir. And to thy spirit.
Deacon. Let us bow our heads to the Lord.
Choir. To thee, O Lord.
Priest, this prayer with a loud voice.
O most merciful Master, O Lord Jesus Christ our God, through the
prayers of our all-holy Lady, the God-bearing ever-virgin Mary;
through the might of the honourable and life-effecting cross; through
the intercession of the honourable heavenly bodiless hosts; of the
honourable glorious prophet, forerunner, and baptist, John; of the
holy glorious and all-praised apostles; of the holy glorious and
excellently victorious martyrs; of our venerable and god-bearing
fathers; of our fathers in the saints, the great ecumenical doctors and
divines, Basil the great, Gregory the theologian, and John
Chrysostom; of our father in the saints, archbishop Nicolas,
wonderworker of Myrlicia; of our fathers in the saints, Peter, Alexis,
Jonas, and Philip, wonderworkers of all Russia; of the holy and
righteous god-progenitors, Joakim and Anna, and of the holy, name,
whose is the temple, and of all thy Saints, make our prayer
acceptable unto thee; grant unto us forgiveness of our iniquities;
cover us with the shelter of thy wings; remove far from us every
enemy and adversary; give peace to our life; O Lord, have mercy
upon us, and upon thy world, and save our souls, as being good and
the lover of mankind.
Choir. Amen.
And the dismissal.
 Chapter XXI.
THE ORDER OF THE GREAT SANCTIFICATION
ON THE HOLY THEOPHANY.

After the priest hath said the prayer behind the ambo, we all go to
the baptismal font, the taper-bearers going in front, and after them
the deacons and priests with the gospel and with incense, while the
brethren sing the present troparia.
Tone viii.
The voice of the Lord crieth upon the waters, saying, O come ye,
and all receive the spirit of wisdom, the spirit of understanding, the
spirit of the fear of God, even Christ, who is made manifest.
Thrice.
To-day the nature of the waters is sanctified, and the Jordan is
divided, and turneth back the flowing of its waters, beholding the
baptism of the Master.
Twice.
As a man thou didst come to the river, O Christ the King, desiring
to receive the baptism of a servant, O thou good one, at the hand of
the Forerunner, because of our sins, O lover of mankind.
Twice.
Glory. Both now. The same tone.
To the voice crying in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the
Lord, thou didst come, O Lord, taking the form of a servant, asking
for baptism, thou who knowest not sin. The waters beheld thee, and
were afraid. The Forerunner became trembling, and cried, saying,
How shall the lamp of light be lighted? how shall the servant lay
hands upon the Master? Sanctify thou me and the waters, O
Saviour, thou that takest away the sins of the world.
And straightway, standing by the baptismal font, the deacon saith,
Wisdom.
And the reader, the reading from the prophesy of
Esaias.
Chap. xxxv.
Thus saith the Lord, Let the thirsty desert be glad, let the wilderness
rejoice, and blossom as a rose, and let them bud forth and be
exceedingly glad. And let the desert of Jordan rejoice, and the glory
of Libanus shall be given unto it, and the honour of Carmel, and my
people shall behold the glory of the Lord, and the exaltedness of
God. Strengthen ye the weak hands, and comfort ye the feeble
knees; and say unto them that are faint-hearted in intention, Be ye
strong, and fear not, behold our God will render judgment, he will
come and save us. Then shall the eyes of the blind be opened, and
the ears of the deaf shall hear. Then shall the lame man leap as an
hart, and the tongue of the deaf be distinct; for in the wilderness shall
water break out, and a ravine in a thirsty land. And waterless places
shall become pools, and in a thirsty land shall be a spring of water:
there shall be joy of birds, abodes of syrens, and reeds and pools.
And there shall be a pure way, and it shall be called a holy way; and
the impure shall not pass there, neither shall an impure way be
there, and the dispersed shall walk therein, and shall not wander.
And no lion shall be there, nor of evil beasts shall one enter there,
nor be found there; but the redeemed and chosen of the Lord shall
walk therein. And they shall return and come to Sion with joy and
gladness, and everlasting joy shall be upon their heads: praise, and
gladness, and joy shall penetrate them, and pain, grief, and sighing
shall flee away.
The reading from the prophecy of Esaias.
Chap. lv.
Thus saith the Lord, O every one that thirsteth, come ye to the water,
and as many as have no money, come ye, buy, and eat and drink,
wine and fat, without money and without price. Wherefore do ye
spend money for that which is not bread, and labour for that which
satisfieth not? hearken ye to me, and eat that which is good, and let
your soul delight itself in good things. Incline your ears, and follow in
my ways; hearken unto me, and your soul shall live in good things;
and I will promise unto you an everlasting testament, even faithful
things befitting unto David. Behold, I have given him to be a
testimony among the nations, a prince and a commander among the
nations. Behold, nations that have not known thee shall call upon
thee, and people that have not recognised thee shall have recourse
unto thee, because of the Lord thy God and the holy one of Israel,
for I have glorified thee. Seek ye God, and, when ye have found him,
call upon him, if haply he may draw nigh unto you. Let the impious
forsake his ways, and the transgressing man his counsels; and turn
ye unto the Lord your God, and ye shall be pitied; for in much wise
he forgiveth your sins. For my counsels are not as your counsels,
neither as your ways are my ways, saith the Lord. For as the heaven
standeth far from the earth, so standeth my way from your ways, and
your contemplations from my thoughts. For as the rain or the snow
cometh down from heaven, and returneth not thither, until it soaketh
the earth, and generateth, and increaseth, and giveth seed to the
sower, and bread to the eater, so shall my word be which goeth out
of my lips, and returneth not unto me void, until it accomplisheth all
that I have wished, and furthereth my ways and my commandments.
For ye shall go forth with joy, and be taught with gladness: for the
mountains and the hills shall leap, expecting you with joy, and all the
trees of the field shall clap their hands. And instead of the thorn shall
come up the cypress, and instead of the nettle shall come up the
myrtle; and it shall be to the Lord for a name and for an everlasting
sign, and it shall not be cut off.
The reading from the prophecy of Esaias.
Chap. xii.
Thus saith the Lord, Ye shall draw water with joy out of wells of
salvation. And thou shalt say in that day, Confess ye unto the Lord,
and call upon his name, declare his glory unto the nations, make
mention that his name is exalted. Sing ye the name of the Lord, for
he hath wrought excellent things: declare ye these throughout all
lands. Rejoice and be glad, ye that dwell in Sion, for the holy one of
Israel is exalted in the midst thereof.
Deacon. Wisdom.
Reader, prokimenon, tone iii.
The Lord is mine illumination, and my Saviour, whom shall I fear?
Verse. The Lord is the defence of my life, of whom shall I be
afraid?
The epistle to the Corinthians, section cxliii, from
the paragraph, Chap. x.
Brethren, I would not that ye should be ignorant how that all our
fathers were under the cloud, and all passed through the sea; and
were all baptized unto Moses in the cloud and in the sea; and did all
eat the same spiritual meat, and did all drink the same spiritual drink;
for they drank of the spiritual rock that followed them, and the rock
was Christ.
Alleluia, tone iv.
Verse. The voice of the Lord is upon the waters, the God of glory
thundereth, the Lord is upon many waters.
The gospel from Mark, section ii. Chap. i.
At that time Jesus came from Nazareth of Galilee, and was baptized
of John in Jordan. And straightway coming up out of the water, he
saw the heavens opened, and the Spirit like a dove descending upon
him. And there was a voice from heaven, saying, Thou art my
beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased.
And the deacon saith the ectenia.
In peace let us pray to the Lord.
For the peace that is from above....
For the peace of the whole world....
For this holy temple....
 For the Most Holy Governing Synod....
For our Most Pious, Autocratic Great Lord, THE EMPEROR
ALEXANDER ALEXANDROVITCH of all Russia; and for His
Consort, the Most Pious Lady, THE EMPRESS MARIA
THEODOROVNA.
For His Heir, the Right-believing Lord, the Cesarevitch and Grand
Duke NICOLAUS ALEXANDROVITCH; and for all the Reigning
House.
That he would assist Them, and subdue....
For this city, (if it is a monastery, For this holy habitation)....
For healthiness of weather....
For them that voyage, that journey....
That this water may be hallowed by the might, and operation, and
descent of the Holy Ghost, let us pray to the Lord.
That there may come down into these waters the cleansing
operation of the supersubstantial Trinity, let us pray to the Lord.
That there may be bestowed upon them the grace of redemption,
the blessing of Jordan, through the might, and operation, and
descent of the holy Ghost, let us pray to the Lord.
That he would quickly beat down satan under our feet, and destroy
every evil counsel that he conceiveth against us, let us pray to the
Lord.
That the Lord our God may deliver us from every evil device, and
from the essay of the adversary, and may count us worthy of
promised blessings, let us pray to the Lord.
That we may be illuminated with the illumination of understanding
and piety through the descent of the Holy Ghost, let us pray to the
Lord.
That the Lord God would send down the blessing of Jordan, and
hallow these waters, let us pray to the Lord.
 That this water may be a gift of sanctification, a loosing of sins, for
the healing of soul and body, and for every befitting need, let us pray
to the Lord.
That this water may well up unto eternal life, let us pray to the
Lord.
That it may be manifested to the destruction of every counsel of
visible and invisible enemies, let us pray to the Lord.
For them that laid and draw thereof for the sanctification of
houses, let us pray to the Lord.
That it may be to the cleansing of soul and body of all that with
faith draw and partake of it, let us pray to the Lord.
That we may be counted worthy to be filled with sanctification
through the partaking of these waters, by the invisible manifestation
of the Holy Ghost, let us pray to the Lord.
That the Lord God may hearken unto the voice of the prayer of us
sinners, and have mercy upon us, let us pray to the Lord.
For our deliverance from every affliction....
Help us, save us, have mercy....
Commemorating our most holy, most pure, most blessed....
While these are being said, the priest saith this
prayer secretly.
Lord Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son, that art in the bosom of
the Father, O thou true God, fountain of life and immortality, thou
light of light, that camest into the world to enlighten it; do thou dawn
upon our mind by thy Holy Ghost, and accept us offering magnifying
and thanksgiving unto thee for thy wonderful mighty works from
eternity, and for thy saving providence in these last ages, in which
thou hast assumed our impotent and poor substance, and,
condescending to the estate of a servant, who art King of all things,
didst furthermore endure to be baptized in Jordan by the hand of a
servant, that thou, the sinless one, having sanctified the nature of
water, mightest lead us unto regeneration by water and the spirit,
and stablish us in the aforetime liberty. And, celebrating the memory
of this divine mystery, we beseech thee, O man-loving Master,
Sprinkle thou also upon us, thine unworthy servants, according to thy
divine promise, pure water, the gift of thy tenderness, that the prayer
of us sinners over this water may be acceptable through thy grace,
and that thereby thy blessing may be bestowed upon us and upon all
thy faithful people, to the glory of thy holy and adorable name. For to
thee is due all glory, honour, and worship, with thine unbeginning
Father, and with thy most holy, and good, and life-creating Spirit,
now and ever, and to ages of ages.
And he saith to himself, Amen.
And when the deacon hath finished the ectenia, the priest
beginneth this prayer with a loud voice.
Great art thou, O Lord, and wonderful are thy works, and no word
shall be sufficient for the praise of thy wonders.
Thrice.
For thou by thy will hast from, nothingness brought all things into
being, and, by thy power, thou sustainest creation, and, by thy
foreknowledge, directest the world. Thou from four elements hast
formed creation, and hast crowned the circle of the year with four
seasons. All the spiritual powers tremble before thee, the sun
praiseth thee, the moon glorifieth thee, the stars make intercession
with thee, the light hearkeneth unto thee, the depths shudder at thy
presence, the springs of water serve thee. Thou hast stretched out
the heavens as a curtain, thou hast founded the earth upon the
waters, thou hast bounded the sea with sand, thou hast diffused the
air for breathing. The angelic powers minister unto thee, the choirs of
archangels worship thee, the many-eyed cherubim, and the six-
winged seraphim, standing and flying around, cover themselves with
fear of thine unapproachable glory. For thou, being the uninscribable,
unbeginning and unspeakable God, didst come down upon earth,
taking the form of a servant, being made in the likeness of men; for
thou, O Master, through the tenderness of thy mercy, didst not
endure to behold the race of men tormented by the devil, but thou
didst come and save us. We confess thy grace, we proclaim thy