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Engineering Geology For Society and Territory Volume 5 Urban Geology Sustainable Planning and Landscape Exploitation 1st Edition Giorgio Lollino
Engineering Geology For Society and Territory Volume 5 Urban Geology Sustainable Planning and Landscape Exploitation 1st Edition Giorgio Lollino
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The Geology of Iberia: A Geodynamic Approach: Volume 5:
Active Processes: Seismicity, Active Faulting and
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Giorgio Lollino
Andrea Manconi
Fausto Guzzetti
Martin Culshaw
Peter Bobrowsky
Fabio Luino
Editors
Engineering Geology
for Society and
Territory – Volume 5
Urban Geology, Sustainable Planning
and Landscape Exploitation
Engineering Geology for Society
and Territory – Volume 5
Giorgio Lollino • Andrea Manconi
Fausto Guzzetti • Martin Culshaw
Peter Bobrowsky • Fabio Luino
Editors
123
Editors
Giorgio Lollino Martin Culshaw
Andrea Manconi Department of Geotechnical Engineering
Fabio Luino British Geological Survey
Institute for Geo-hydrological Protection Nottingham
National Research Council (CNR) UK
Turin
Italy Peter Bobrowsky
Geological Survey of Canada
Fausto Guzzetti Ottawa, ON
Institute for Geo-hydrological Protection Canada
National Research Council (CNR)
Perugia
Italy
Cover Illustration: Porte di Pinerolo, north western Italy. Bridge located on Chisone river after the flood event
occurred on October 2000. The photo shows the effects of extreme hydrological events on anthropic areas and
infrastructures. Photo: Giorgio Lollino.
It is our pleasure to present this volume as part of the book series of the Proceedings of the XII
International IAEG Congress, Torino 2014.
For the 50th Anniversary, the Congress collected contributions relevant to all themes where
the IAEG members have been involved, both in the research field and in professional
activities.
Each volume is related to a specific topic, including:
1. Climate Change and Engineering Geology;
2. Landslide Processes;
3. River Basins, Reservoir Sedimentation and Water Resources;
4. Marine and Coastal Processes;
5. Urban Geology, Sustainable Planning and Landscape Exploitation;
6. Applied Geology for Major Engineering Projects;
7. Education, Professional Ethics and Public Recognition of Engineering Geology;
8. Preservation of Cultural Heritage.
The book series aims at constituting a milestone for our association, and a bridge for the
development and challenges of Engineering Geology towards the future.
This ambition stimulated numerous conveners, who committed themselves to collect a
large number of contributions from all parts of the world, and to select the best papers through
two review stages. To highlight the work done by the conveners, the table of contents of the
volumes maintains the structure of the sessions of the Congress.
The lectures delivered by prominent scientists, as well as the contributions of authors, have
explored several questions ranging from scientific to economic aspects, from professional
applications to ethical issues, which all have a possible impact on society and territory.
v
vi Foreword
This volume testifies the evolution of engineering geology during the last 50 years, and
summarizes the recent results. We hope that you will be able to find stimulating contributions
which will support your research or professional activities.
Notwithstanding the sessions and their respective contributions that have been collectively
grouped under the rubric urban geology, sustainable planning and landscape exploitation (see
below), in practical terms it is impossible and impractical to divorce the assembled topics from
the broader relevance of engineering geology. Herein are contained a number of papers that
cover the broadest facets and attributes of the discipline. Although individual papers often
provide case study or site-specific examples for problem solving the implications resulting
from the works are clearly widely applicable.
At its core, this thematic grouping of contributions touches on aspects that literally range
from construction (aggregate/building stones) to destruction (hazards/risk) or from preserva-
tion (geo-heritage/mitigation) to obligation (planning/communication). The managing editors
for these sessions had the privilege to administer the review of a diverse number of sub-
missions representing an equally diverse geographical, sectoral and topical flavour.
Sustainability underlies a common thread within the sessions. As a start, we recognize that
aggregate resources remain a paramount concern to the professional community. The clustered
spurts in growth that development brings across the globe brings with it a relevance regarding
the amount of materials needed and consumed, the technical viability and safety of the
materials used, advances in the evaluation of aggregate suitability as well as the long-term
history as defined by natural decay, recycling, waste and reuse. Comparable in many regards is
the growing focus on building stones and ornamental rocks that lack the traits of abundance
and accessibility more characteristic of basic aggregate. Dimension stone research and the
associated technical assessment are of paramount importance to our concerns with heritage
issues. Prospection, identification, inventory, assessment and proper resource use planning
effectively crosscut these relationships.
Hazards and associated risks fundamentally touch on virtually all activities linked to
engineering geology. Seismicity in all of its manifestations, whether direct in the form of
ground movement (faulting/shaking) or indirect as evident in landslides, subsidence, lique-
faction or tsunamis can never be underestimated. In this case, the role of engineering geology
is well applied given the necessity by the professional community to identify threats, reduce
risks and mitigate problems. Similarly, both urban and rural environments face challenges
associated with flood and landslide-related hazards. Where people build and where people live
are strongly affected by exposure to such geohazards. Knowing where the problems exist leads
to proper and efficient monitoring whether remotely or in real-time.
The subsurface attracts special attention for engineering geologists. The importance of
well-documented a priori mapping is the first step in allowing effective zonation practices to be
applied. Concerns with karst topography and groundwater resources are just two examples of
items that must be taken into account by engineering geologists as communities embark on
full-scale underground development in the move towards new living environments.
Data compilation, information management, access to high quality and reliable results
remains an obligation to practitioners. No matter how much fieldwork and how many labo-
ratory studies are completed, the resulting information must reach those in a position to best
utilize the conclusions. Proper communication of the objectives, work involved, implications
vii
viii Preface
and conclusions of the engineering geology projects and studies need to be directed towards
the proper audience. Uninterpretable maps or jargon-loaded reports do not serve the interests
of society at large. Here, the true measure of success is weighed by the extent of use one’s
work eventually attains.
Broadly, the sessions under the three main topics of urban geology, sustainable planning
and landscape exploitation can be grouped as follows:
• Urban geology
– Analysis and control of ground deformations by remote monitoring
– Remote sensing applications for the detection, monitoring, modelling and damage
assessment of critical structures and complexes
– Experiences and potentialities of data-driven modeling in earth science issues
– Mapping urban subsurface for geohazard assessment and risk management
– Complexity in hazard and risk assessment
– Engineering problems in karst
– Landslide and flood hazard in urban areas: assessment, monitoring and mitigation
strategies
– Off-fault co-seismic surface effects and their impact in urban areas
– Surface fault-rupture hazard in urban areas
– Seismic microzonation: input data, methodology and impact on planning
– Geohazard in urban scenarios: forecasting and protective monitoring
• Sustainable planning
– Communicating engineering geology with urban planners
– Engineering geology in rural infrastructure planning
– Underground urban development
– Geohydrological risk and town and country planning
– Urban and land planning versus risks resilient management
• Landscape exploitation
– Construction materials
– Aggregates—the most widely used raw material
– Building stones and ornamental rocks—resource evaluation, technical assessment, heri-
tage designation
– Aquifer vulnerability and springs/wells protection zones
– Excavation in potentially asbestos-bearing rocks: methodologies for risk evaluation and
safety management
In summary, urban geology focuses on monitoring using remote sensing; data, mapping,
and modelling; and geohazards in the urban environment. Sustainable planning covers com-
munication (with planners); use of the subsurface; planning in rural areas; ground and surface
water risks for planners; and the relationship between planning and risk management.
Landscape exploitation is concerned with mineral extraction; groundwater exploitation; and,
particularly, safety problems associated with the extraction of asbestos-bearing rocks. This is a
varied range of topics but all are important to ensure the well-planned, sustainable and
imaginative development of the areas where most of the world’s people live.
Contents
Part I Keynote
ix
x Contents
14 The Aggregates from Tunnel Muck and their Use as Secondary Raw
Material: The Case Study of Turin Underground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Rossana Bellopede, David Colaiacomo, Paola Marini,
Pierpaolo Oreste, and Oscar Radis
107 Sinkhole Field Above Karst Caves: Detection and Analysis Through
Integrated Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553
Stefano Margiotta, Sergio Negri, Mario Parise, and Tatiana A.M. Quarta
135 GNSS Hardware and Software Solutions for Environmental Hazards . . . 697
Nicola Perfetti, Luigi Fiorentini, Giuliano Molinelli, Luca Pasquini,
Giuseppe Perrucci, Alberto Pettinari, Patrizio Buscemi,
and Doriano Zanette
140 Risk Analysis of a Major Pit Slope Failure at the Batu Hijau Open
Pit Mine Operation PT Newmont Nusa Tenggara. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721
Y. Adriansyah, D. Muslim, and Z. Zakaria
162 The Urban Flooding Early Warning System of the Greater Turin
(North-Western Italy) Based on Weather-Radar Observations . . . . . . . . 837
Roberto Cremonini, Davide Tiranti, and Secondo Barbero
167 The 1773 Cava de’ Tirreni Flash Flood (Southern Italy),
an Opportunity to Further Enhance the Use of Documentary
Sources as Hazard and Risk Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 861
Eliana Esposito, Sabina Porfido, Crescenzo Violante, Giuseppe Tranfaglia,
Flavia Molisso, Salvo Mazzola, Marco Sacchi,
Gaetana Santoro, and Efisio Spiga
190 Satellite Techniques: New Perspectives for the Monitoring of Dams. . . . . 989
Marco Corsetti, Michele Manunta, Maria Marsella, Silvia Scifoni,
Alberico Sonnessa, and Chandrakanta Ojha
194 Microzonation of the Liwa City on the Great Sumatera Active Fault
and Giant Ranau Volcanic Complex in South Sumatera, Indonesia . . . . . 1015
Asdani Soehaimi, Dicky Muslim, Ir Kamawan, and Robby Setia Negara
198 The Origin of Scarps in Urban Areas Affected by Active and Capable
Normal Faulting: Only Faults? Examples from the 2009 L’Aquila
Earthquake Region (Central Italy). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1037
Emanuela Falcucci and Stefano Gori
215 The High Damaging Mw 5.1 Lorca 2011 Earthquake: Possible Role
of Local Seismic Amplification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1127
Luca Lenti, Salvatore Martino, Juan Luis-Soler, Carlos López-Casado,
Pedro Jáuregui, José Giner, Joaquín García-Mondéjar, and José Delgado