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 I N T E R N AT ION A L E C ONOM IC L AW € SE R I E S
Series Editors
JOHN H JACKSON
ANDR EW D€MITCHELL
TANIA€VOON

Good Faith and International Economic€Law

Good Faith and
International
Economic Law
Edited by
A N DR E W D M I TC H E L L
Melbourne Law School, University of Melbourne, Australia

M S OR N A R AJ A H
Faculty of Law, National University of Singapore

TA N I A VO ON
Melbourne Law School, University of Melbourne, Australia

1
 1
Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP,
United Kingdom
Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford.
It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship,
and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of
Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries
© The several contributors 2015
The moral rights of the authors have been asserted
First Edition published in 2015
Impression: 1
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in
a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the
prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted
by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics
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above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the
address above
You must not circulate this work in any other form
and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer
Crown copyright material is reproduced under Class Licence
Number C01P0000148 with the permission of OPSI
and the Queen’s Printer for Scotland
Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press
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ISBN 978–0–19–873979–1
Printed and bound by
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Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and
for information only. Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the materials
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 Acknowledgments

This book was produced with generous support from the University of
Melbourne and the National University of Singapore pursuant to an inaugu-
ral research partnership grant (2013−2014). Several of the chapters benefited
from discussion at the Inaugural Symposium of the Global Economic Law
Network held at the Melbourne School of Government on 2 May 2014 and
the Symposium on Good Faith in International Law held at the Faculty of
Law of the National University of Singapore on 3 October 2014, with fund-
ing from the Singapore Ministry of Education (Academic Research Fund
Tier 1 Grant€2014).
The editors thank Alex Lee for his extensive editorial assistance in relation
to numerous chapters. Valuable research assistance in the early stages was
also provided by Elizabeth Sheargold pursuant to the Australian Research
Council Discovery Project scheme (project ID DP130100838) and by
Caroline Henckels. Finally, thanks go to Thijs de Jong for assistance in com-
piling the bibliography and to Jessica Casben and Irene Han for assistance at
the final stages in proofreading and preparing the index and tables.
The opinions expressed in each chapter of this volume are those of the rel-
evant authors and are not necessarily shared by the editors or any employer or
other entity. The content of the chapters was drafted and finalized between
April and October€2014.
 Contents

Table of Cases ix
Table of Treaties xxi
List of Contributors xxv

1. Introduction 1
M Sornarajah

2. Good Faith as a General Principle of (International) Law 9

Andreas R Ziegler and Jorun Baumgartner
2.1 Introduction 9
2.2 Normative Autonomy of the Principle of Good Faith? 14
2.3 Concretizations of the Principle of Good Faith 17
2.4 Conclusion 35

3. Good Faith in Treaty Interpretation 37

Eric De Brabandere and Isabelle Van€Damme
3.1 Introduction 37
3.2 Good Faith and Treaty Interpretation 38
3.3 Status of Good Faith Treaty Interpretation
under International Law 40
3.4 Objective Function:€Giving Meaning to a Treaty Text 42
3.5 Subjective Function:€Assessing Behaviour of Interpreters 55
3.6 Conclusion 59

4. Good Faith in Parallel Trade and Investment Disputes 60

Tania Voon, Andrew D Mitchell and James€Munro
4.1 Introduction 60
4.2 Substantive and Jurisdictional Overlap in WTO
and Investment Disputes 62
4.3 Good Faith and its Particularizations in Connection
with Parallel Disputes 69
4.4 Existing Approaches to Parallel Disputes in International
Economic Law 75
4.5 Conclusion 85
viii Contents
5. Good Faith Limitations on Protected Investments
and Corporate€Structuring 88
Stephan W Schill and Heather€L€Bray
5.1 Good Faith Unbound—Good Faith Restrained 88
5.2 Good Faith and Compliance of Investments
with Domestic and€International Law 93
5.3 Corporate Structuring and Good Faith 105
5.4 Conclusion:€Good Faith and the Rule of Law
in International€Investment Relations 114

6. Good Faith, Corporate Nationality, and Denial of Benefits 117

M Sornarajah
6.1 Introduction 117
6.2 Corporate Nationality and Standing 120
6.3 The Relevance of Good Faith to Corporate Nationality 121
6.4 The Role of Good Faith in the Law of Treaties 123
6.5 Analysis of Corporate Nationality as a Basis for Jurisdiction 127
6.6 Revisiting the Awards 131
6.7 Conclusion 140

7. Good Faith and Fair and Equitable Treatment

in International Investment Law 143
Martins Paparinskis
7.1 Introduction 143
7.2 Good Faith and Different Sources
of Fair and Equitable Treatment 146
7.3 Good Faith and Responsibility for the Breach
of Fair and Equitable Treatment 155
7.4 Particularization of Good Faith in the Obligation
of Fair and€Equitable Treatment 158
7.5 Conclusion 170

8. Conclusion 173
Andrew D Mitchell and Tania€Voon

Bibliography 181
Index 189
 Table of€Cases

I N T E R N AT ION A L C OU RT OF€ J US T IC E
Ahmadou Sadio Diallo (Republic of Guinea v Democratic Republic of the Congo)
(Preliminary Objections) [2007] ICJ Rep 552. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Ambatielos (Greece v UK) [1953] ICJ Pleadings 344. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of
Genocide (Bosnia and Herzegovina v Serbia) (Judgment) [2007] ICJ Rep 43. . . . . . . . . . 155
Arbitral Award of 31 July 1989 (Guinea-Bissau v Senegal) (Judgment) [1991] ICJ Rep 53. . . . . . . . 174
Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (New Application:€2002)
(Congo v Rwanda) (Jurisdiction and Admissibility) [2006] ICJ Rep 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Arrest Warrant of 11 April 2000 (Democratic Republic of the Congo v Belgium)
(Merits) [2002] ICJ Rep€3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .尓 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .尓 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Avena and Other Mexican Nationals (Mexico v United States) (Judgment)
[2004] ICJ Rep 12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . 33

Barcelona Traction, Light and Power Co Ltd (Belgium v Spain) (Judgment)

[1970] ICJ Rep 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . 106–08, 138,€165
Barcelona Traction, Light and Power Company (Belgium v Spain) (Preliminary
Objections) [1964] ICJ Rep 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .尓 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .尓 . . . . 20, 33,€118
Border and Transborder Armed Activities (Nicaragua/Honduras)
(Jurisdiction and Admissibility) [1988] ICJ Rep 69. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .尓 . . . . . . . . . . 14,€90

Certain Norwegian Loans (France v Norway) (Jurisdiction) [1957] ICJ Rep 9. . . . . . . . 41,€69,€89
Certain Questions of Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters (Djibouti v France)
(Judgment) [2008] ICJ Rep 177 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .尓 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .尓 . . . . . 89,€149
Continental Shelf (Libya/Malta) (Merits) [1985] ICJ Rep 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . 27–28
Continental Shelf (Tunisia/Libya) [1982] ICJ Rep 18. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . 27–28

Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary in the Gulf of Maine Area

(Canada v United States) (Merits) [1984] ICJ Rep 246 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . 19

Elettronica Sicula SpA (ELSI) (United States v Italy) (Judgment) [1989]

ICJ Rep 15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .尓 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .尓 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .尓 . 25, 48,€159

Fisheries Case (United Kingdom v Norway) (Merits) [1951] ICJ Rep 116. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24–25
Frontier Dispute (Burkina Faso/Mali) (Merits) [1986] ICJ Rep 554. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . 27–8

Gabčíkovo-Nagymaros Project (Hungary/Slovakia) (Judgment) [1997] ICJ Rep 7. . . . . 18–20,€53

Interpretation of the Agreement of 25 March 1951 between the WHO and Egypt
(Advisory Opinion) [1980] ICJ Rep€3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .尓 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .尓 . . . . . 89

Land and Maritime Boundary between Cameroon and Nigeria (Cameroon v Nigeria)
(Preliminary Objections) [1998] ICJ Rep 275. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .尓 . . . . . . . . 14, 43,€73,€90
x Table of€Cases
Land, Island and Maritime Frontier Dispute (El Salvador v Honduras) (Merits)
[1992] ICJ Rep 351 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . 25
Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall (Advisory Opinion) [2004]
ICJ Rep 136. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . 29
Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons (Advisory Opinion) [1996]
ICJ Rep 226. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . 19

Maritime Delimitation and Territorial Questions between Qatar and Bahrain

(Qatar v Bahrain) (Jurisdiction and Admissibility) [1995] ICJ Rep 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,€57
Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v United
States) (Merits) [1986] ICJ Rep 14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . 29
Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v
United States) (Jurisdiction and Admissibility) [1984] ICJ Rep 392. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ 20

North Sea Continental Shelf (Germany v Denmark) (Merits) [1969] ICJ Rep 3. . . . . . . 19,€27–28
Nottebohm Case (Liechtenstein v Guatemala) (second phase) (Judgment)
[1955] ICJ Rep 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . 118
Nuclear Tests Case (Australia v France) (Merits) [1974] ICJ Rep 253 ���������������� 14, 17, 19, 38, 43,
45–47, 89, 169,€173
Nuclear Tests Case (New Zealand v France) (Judgment) [1974] ICJ Rep 457. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Oil Platforms (Iran v United States) (Merits) [2003] ICJ Rep 161. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . 29
Oil Platforms (Iran v United States) (Preliminary Objections) [1996]
ICJ Rep 803. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .尓 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .尓 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40, 143,€149

Temple of Preah Vihear (Cambodia v Thailand) (Merits) [1962] ICJ Rep 6. . . . . . 20, 24–25,€73
Territorial Dispute (Libya Arab Jamahiriya v Chad) (Merits) [1994] ICJ Rep 6 ���������������������� 125

PE R M A N E N T C OU RT OF€I N T E R N AT ION A L J US T IC E
Article 3, Paragraph 2 of the Treaty of Lausanne (Frontier between
Turkey and Iraq) [1925] PCIJ (ser B) No 12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Certain German Interests in Polish Upper Silesia (Germany v Poland) (Judgment)

[1926] PCIJ (ser A) No€7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .尓 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .尓 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Competence of the International Labour Organization in regard to International
Regulation of the Conditions of Labour of Persons Employed in Agriculture
(Advisory Opinion) [1922] PCIJ (ser B) No€2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .尓 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Diversion of Water from Meuse (Netherland v Belgium) (Judgment) [1937]

PCIJ (ser A/B) No 70. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,€29–30

Free Zones of Upper Savoy and District of Gex (France v Switzerland) (Judgment)
[1932] PCIJ (ser A/B) No 46. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .尓 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .尓 . . . . . . . . . 33,€46

Oscar Chinn Case (United Kingdom v Belgium) (Judgment) [1934] PCIJ (ser A/B) No 63. . . . . . . . . 33

Payment of Various Serbian Loans Issued in France (France v Serbia) (Judgment)

[1929] PCIJ (ser A) No 20/21. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Polish Postal Service in Danzig (Advisory Opinion) [1925] PCIJ (ser B) No 11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
 Table of€Cases xi
Railway Traffic between Lithuania and Poland (Advisory Opinion) [1931] PCIJ
(ser A/B) No 42. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . 19

SS ‘Lotus’ (France v Turkey) (Judgment) [1927] PCIJ (ser A) No 10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . 45–46
SS Wimbledon (Judgment of 17 August 1923)€[1923] PCIJ (ser A) No 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45–46

Territorial Jurisdiction of the International Commission of the River Oder

(United Kingdom, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Sweden v Poland)
(Judgment) [1929] PCIJ (ser A) No 23. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . 45–46

WOR L D T R A DE ORG A N I Z AT ION

Argentina€— Definitive Anti-Dumping Duties on Poultry from Brazil, Panel Report,
WTO Doc WT/DS241/R (adopted 19 May 2003). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .尓 . 15, 21, 43,€61,€80
Argentina€— Measures Affecting Imports of Footwear, Textiles, Apparel and
Other Items, Appellate Body Report, WTO Doc WT/DS56/AB/R
(adopted 22 April 1998). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Australia€— Certain Measures Concerning Trademarks and Other Plain Packaging
Requirements Applicable to Tobacco Products and Packaging:€Request for the
Establishment of a Panel by Ukraine, WTO Doc WT/DS434/11
(17 August 2012). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . 60
Australia€— Certain Measures Concerning Trademarks, Geographical Indications and
Other Plain Packaging Requirements Applicable to Tobacco Products and
Packaging:€Request for the Establishment of a Panel by Cuba, WTO Doc
WT/DS458/14 (14 April 2014). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . 60
Australia€— Certain Measures Concerning Trademarks, Geographical Indications and
Other Plain Packaging Requirements Applicable to Tobacco Products and
Packaging:€Request for the Establishment of a Panel by Honduras, WTO Doc WT/
DS435/16 (17 October 2012). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Australia€— Certain Measures Concerning Trademarks, Geographical Indications and
Other Plain Packaging Requirements Applicable to Tobacco Products and
Packaging:€Request for the Establishment of a Panel by Indonesia, WTO Doc WT/
DS467/15 (6 March 2014). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Australia€— Certain Measures Concerning Trademarks, Geographical Indications and
Other Plain Packaging Requirements Applicable to Tobacco Products and
Packaging:€Request for the Establishment of a Panel by the Dominican Republic,
WTO Doc WT/DS441/15 (13 November 2012). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Chile€— Taxes on Alcoholic Beverages, Appellate Body Report, WTO Docs

WT/DS87/AB/R, WT/DS110/AB/R (adopted 12 January 2000). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . 19
China€— Measures Affecting Trading Rights and Distribution Services for Certain
Publications and Audiovisual Entertainment Products, Appellate Body Report,
WTO Doc WT/DS363/AB/R (adopted 19 January 2010) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . 47

European Communities€— Anti-Dumping Duties on Imports of Cotton-Type Bed

Linen from India€— Recourse to Art 21.5 DSU by India, Panel Report, WTO
Doc WT/DS141/RW (adopted 24 April 2003). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
European Communities€— Conditions for the Granting of Tariff Preferences to
Developing Countries, Appellate Body Report, WTO Doc WT/DS246/AB/R
(adopted 7 April 2004) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
xii Table of Cases
European Communities — Customs Classification of Certain Computer
Equipment, Appellate Body Report, WTO Docs WT/DS62/AB/R,
WT/DS67/AB/R, WT/DS68/AB/R (adopted 22 June 1998). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40, 49–50, 178
European Communities — Customs Classification of Certain Computer Equipment,
Panel Report, WTO Docs WT/DS62/R, WT/DS67/R, WT/DS68/R
(adopted 22 June 1998). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
European Communities — Export Subsidies on Sugar, Appellate Body Report,
WTO Docs WT/DS265/AB/R, WT/DS266/AB/R, WT/DS283/AB/R
(adopted 19 May 2005). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 80
European Communities — Export Subsidies on Sugar, Panel Report, WTO
Docs WT/DS265/R, WT/DS266/R, WT/DS283/R (adopted 19 May 2005). . . . . . . . . . . 21
European Communities — Measures Affecting Asbestos and Asbestos-Related
Products, Appellate Body Report, WTO Doc WT/DS135/AB/R (adopted
5 April 2001). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
European Communities — Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products
(Hormones), Appellate Body Report, WTO Docs WT/DS26/AB/R,
WT/DS48/AB/R (adopted 13 February 1998). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45, 47
European Communities — Regime for the Importation, Sale and Distribution of
Bananas — Second Recourse to Article 21.5 of the DSU by Ecuador, Appellate
Body Report, WTO Doc WT/DS27/AB/RW2/ECU, WT/DS27/AB/RW/USA
(adopted 11 December 2008). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 80
European Communities — Regime for the Importation, Sale and Distribution of
Bananas, Appellate Body Report, WTO Doc WT/DS27/AB/R (adopted
25 September 1997). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
European Communities — Selected Customs Matters, Panel Report, WTO Doc
WT/DS315/R (adopted 11 December 2006). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
European Communities — Trade Description of Sardines, Appellate Body Report,
WTO Doc WT/DS231/AB/R (adopted 23 October 2002). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
European Communities and Certain Member States — Measures Affecting
Trade in Large Civil Aircraft, Panel Report, WTO Doc WT/DS316/R
(adopted 1 June 2011) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30, 80

Guatemala — Anti-Dumping Investigation Regarding Portland Cement from

Mexico, Appellate Body Report, WT/DS60/AB/R (adopted 25 November 1998). . . . . . . . 25
Guatemala — Definitive Anti-Dumping Measures on Grey Portland Cement from
Mexico, Panel Report, WTO Doc WT/DS156/R (adopted 17 November 2000) . . . . . . . . 21

India — Patent Protection for Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Chemical Products,

Appellate Body Report, WTO Doc WT/DS50/AB/R (adopted
16 January 1998). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40, 49–50, 178

Japan — Measures Affecting Consumer Photographic Film and Paper, Panel Report,
WTO Doc WT/DS44/R (adopted 22 April 1998) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Japan — Taxes on Alcoholic Beverages, Appellate Body Report, WTO Docs
WT/DS8/AB/R, WT/DS10/AB/R, WT/DS11/AB/R (adopted
1 November 1996). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40, 46, 178

Korea — Definitive Safeguard Measure on Imports of Certain Dairy Products, Appellate

Body Report, WTO Doc WT/DS98/AB/R (adopted 12 January 2000). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Korea — Measures Affecting Government Procurement, Panel Report,
WTO Doc WT/DS163/R (adopted 19 June 2000). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
 Table of€Cases xiii
Mexico€— Anti Dumping Investigation of High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS) from
the United States€— Recourse to Article 21.5 of the DSU by the United
States, Appellate Body Report, WTO Doc WT/DS132/AB/RW (adopted
21 November 2001). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . 54
Mexico€— Tax Measures on Soft Drinks and Other Beverages, Panel Report,
WT/DS308/R (adopted 24 March 2006). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .尓 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,€81

Thailand€— Customs and Fiscal Measures on Cigarettes from the Philippines,

Appellate Body Report, WTO Doc WT/DS371/AB/R (adopted 15 July 2011). . . . . . . . . . 68

United States€— Certain Country of Origin Labelling (COOL) Requirements,

Panel Report, WTO Docs WT/DS384/R and WT/DS386/R (adopted 23 July 2012). . . . . . 16
United States€— Continued Dumping and Subsidy Offset Act of 2000, Appellate
Body Report, WTO Doc WT/DS217/AB/R, WT/DS234/AB/R (adopted
27 January 2003) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
United States€— Definitive Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Duties on Certain
Products from China, Appellate Body Report, WTO Doc WT/DS379/AB/R
(adopted 25 March 2011). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
United States€— Final Countervailing Duty Determination with Respect to
Certain Softwood Lumber from Canada, Appellate Body Report, WTO Doc
WT/DS257/AB/R (adopted 17 February 2004). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .尓 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,€63
United States€— Import Prohibition of Certain Shrimp and Shrimp Products€—
Recourse to Article 21.5 by Malaysia, Appellate Body Report, WTO Doc
WT/DS58/AB/RW (adopted 21 November 2001). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
United States€— Import Prohibition of Certain Shrimp and Shrimp Products,
Appellate Body Report, WTO Doc WT/DS58/AB/R (adopted
6 November 1998). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . 10, 33–34, 40, 52, 89,€164
United States€— Measures Affecting the Cross-Border Supply of Gambling and
Betting Services, Appellate Body Report, WTO Doc WT/DS285/AB/R
(adopted 20 April 2005) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .尓 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .尓 . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,€52
United States€— Measures Concerning the Importation, Marketing and Sale of
Tuna and Tuna Products, Appellate Body Report, WTO Doc
WT/DS381/AB/R (adopted 13 June 2012) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .尓 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,€81
United States€— Restrictions on Imports of Cotton and Man-made Fibre Underwear,
Panel Report, WTO Doc WT/DS24/R (adopted 25 February 1997). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49–50
United States€— Standards for Reformulated and Conventional Gasoline, Appellate
Body Report, WTO Doc WT/DS2/AB/R (adopted 20 May 1996). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,€127
United States€— Sunset Reviews of Anti-Dumping Measures on Oil Country
Tubular Goods from Argentina, Appellate Body Report, WTO Doc WT/DS268/AB/R
(adopted 17 December 2004) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . 19
United States€— Tax Treatment for ‘Foreign Sales Corporations’, Appellate Body
Report, WTO Doc WT/DS108/AB/R (adopted 20 March 2000). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,€52
United States€— Transitional Safeguard Measure on Combed Cotton Yarn
from Pakistan, Appellate Body Report, WTO Doc WT/DS192/AB/R (adopted
5 November 2001). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . 33

I N V E S T M E N T T R E AT Y A R BI T R AT IONS
Abaclat v Argentina, ICSID Case No ARB/07/5, Decision on Jurisdiction and
Admissibility (4 August 2011). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . 14
xiv Table of Cases
Achmea BV (formerly known as Eureko BV) v Slovakia, Permanent Court of
Arbitration Case No 2008–13 (UNCITRAL), Final Award
(7 December 2012) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151, 161
ADC Affiliate Limited and ADC & ADMC Management Limited v Hungary,
ICSID Case No ARB/03/16, Award (2 October 2006). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34, 118
AES Corp v Argentina, ICSID Case No ARB/02/17, Decision on Jurisdiction
(26 April 2005). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Aguas del Tunari SA v Bolivia, ICSID Case No ARB/02/3, Decision on
Respondent’s Objections to Jurisdiction (21 October 2005). . . . . . . . . . . . . 40, 107, 134–35
Alasdair Ross Anderson v Costa Rica, ICSID Case No ARB(AF)/07/3,
Award (10 May 2010). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Alex Genin, Eastern Credit Limited Inc and AS Baltoil v Estonia, ICSID
Case No ARB/99/2, Award (25 June 2001). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Alpha Projektholding Gmbh v Ukraine, ICSID Case No ARB/07/16, Award
(8 November 2010) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Alps Finance and Trade AG v Slovak Republic, UNCITRAL, Award (5 March 2011). . . . . . . 135
Ambiente Ufficio SPA (Case formerly known as Giordana Alpi) v Argentina,
ICSID Case No ARB/08/9, Decision on Jurisdiction and Admissibility
(8 February 2013) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 97
Amco Asia Corp v Indonesia, ICSID Case No ARB/81/1, Decision on Jurisdiction
(25 September 1983). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Apotex v United States, UNCITRAL (NAFTA), Award on Jurisdiction and
Admissibility (14 June 2013). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Archer Daniels Midland Company and Tate & Lyle Ingredients Americas v Mexico,
ICSID Case No ARB(AF)/04/5 (NAFTA), Award (21 November 2007). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Autopista Concesionada de Venezuela v Venezuela, ICSID Case No ARB/00/5,
Decision on Jurisdiction (27 September 2001) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
AWG Group Ltd v Argentina, ICSID Case No ARB/03/19, Decision on Liability
(30 July 2010) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Banro American Resources v Democratic Republic of the Congo, ICSID Case No

ARB/98/7, Award of the Tribunal (1 September 2000). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
BP America Production Company v Argentina, ICSID Case No ARB/04/8,
Decision on Preliminary Objections (27 July 2006). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Bureau Veritas, Inspection, Valuation, Assessment and Control, BIVAC BV v Paraguay,
ICSID Case No ARB/07/9, Further Decision on Objections to Jurisdiction
(9 October 2012). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Cambodia Power Company v Kingdom of Cambodia and Electricité du Cambodge

LLC, ICSID Case No ARB/09/18, Decision on Jurisdiction (22 March 2011). . . . . . . . . . 22
Canadian Cattlemen for Free Trade v United States, UNCITRAL, Award on
Jurisdiction (28 January 2008) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Canfor Corp v United States, UNCITRAL (NAFTA), Order of the Consolidation
Tribunal (7 September 2005). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 61
Canfor Corp v United States, UNCITRAL (NAFTA), Decision of Preliminary
Question (6 June 2006). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Cargill, Incorporated v Mexico, ICSID Case No ARB(AF)/05/2 (NAFTA),
Award (18 September 2009). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61, 66, 160, 163
Cementownia ‘Nowa Huta’ SA v Turkey, ICSID Case No ARB(AF)/06/2,
Award (17 September 2009). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 55
 Table of Cases xv
Ceskoslovenska Obchodni Banka v Slovak Republic, ICSID Case No ARB/97/4,
Decision of the Tribunal on Objections to Jurisdiction (24 May 1999). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Champion Trading Company, Ameritrade International Inc v Egypt, ICSID Case No
ARB/02/9, Decision on Jurisdiction (21 October 2003). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Chemtura Corp v Canada, UNCITRAL (NAFTA), Award (2 August 2010). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Chevron Corp and Texaco Petroleum Corp v Ecuador, UNCITRAL,
Interim Award (1 December 2008). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75, 83
Churchill Mining PLC and Planet Mining Pty Ltd v Indonesia, ICSID
Case No ARB/12/14 and 12/40, Decision on Jurisdiction (24 February 2014). . . . . . . 40, 49
CME Czech Republic BV v Czech Republic, UNCITRAL, Partial Award
(13 September 2001). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 61
CME Czech Republic BV v Czech Republic, UNCITRAL, Final Award
(14 March 2003) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 82–83
CMS Gas Transmission Company v Argentina, ICSID Case No ARB 01/08,
Final Award (12 May 2005). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
CMS Gas Transmission Company v Argentina, ICSID Case No ARB/01/8,
Jurisdiction (17 July 2003). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Compañia de Aguas del Aconquija v Argentina, ICSID Case No ARB/97/3,
Decision on Annulment (3 July 2002). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Compañía del Desarrollo de Santa Elena SA v Costa Rica, ICSID Case No
ARB/96/1, Award (17 February 2000). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
ConocoPhilips v Venzuela, ICSID Case No ARB/07/30, Decision on Jurisdiction
and the Merits (3 September 2013) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Corn Products International v Mexico, ICSID Case No ARB(AF)/04/1 (NAFTA),
Decision on Responsibility (15 January 2009). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Desert Line Projects LLC v Yemen, ICSID Case No ARB/05/17, Award

(6 February 2008). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97, 155
Duke Energy International Peru Investments v Peru, ICSID Case No ARB/03/28,
Award (18 August 2008). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Eastern Sugar BV (Netherlands) v Czech Republic (Partial Award) (Stockholm

Chamber of Commerce, Case No 088/2004, 27 March 2007). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 150
EDF (Services) Limited v Romania, ICSID Case No ARB/05/13, Award
(8 October 2009) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
El Paso Energy International Co v Argentina, ICSID Case No ARB/03/15,
Decision on Jurisdiction (27 April 2006) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Ethyl Corp v Canada, UNCITRAL (NAFTA), Award on Jurisdiction
(24 June 1998). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Europe Cement Investment & Trade SA v Turkey, ICSID Case No ARB(AF)/07/2,
Award (13 August 2009). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13, 35, 55

Feldman v Mexico, ICSID Case No ARB(AF)/99/1 (NAFTA), Award

(16 December 2002) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Fraport AG v Philippines, ICSID Case No ARB/03/25, Annulment
(23 December 2010) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Fraport AG v Philippines, ICSID Case No ARB/03/25, Award
(16 August 2007). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96–97, 100

Garanti Koza LLP v Turkmenistan, ICSID Case No ARB/11/20, Decision on the

Objection to Jurisdiction for Lack of Consent (2 July 2013). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
xvi Table of Cases
Gemplus SA, SLP SA, Gemplus Industrial SA de CV and Talsud SA v Mexico,
ICSID Case No ARB(AF)/04/3 and ARB(AF)/04/3, Award (16 June 2010). . . . . . . . . . . 157
Generation Ukraine Inc v Ukraine (Final Award) (ICSID Case No ARB/00/9,
16 September 2003). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Glamis Gold Ltd v United States, UNCITRAL, (NAFTA) Award (8 June 2009) . . . . . . . . . . 152
Gustav FW Hamester GmbH & Co KG v Ghana, ICSID Case No ARB/07/24,
Award (18 June 2010). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

Hochtief AG v Argentina, ICSID Case No ARB/07/31, Decision on Jurisdiction

(24 October 2011). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25–26
Hrvatska Elektroprivreda v Slovenia, ICSID Case No ARB/05/24, Decision on the
Treaty Interpretation Issue (12 June 2009) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

ICS Inspection and Control Services Limited (United Kingdom) v Argentina,

Permanent Court of Arbitration Case No 2010-9 (UNCITRAL), Award on
Jurisdiction (10 February 2012). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Inceysa Vallisoletana SL v El Salvador, ICSID Case No ARB/03/26, Award
(2 August 2006). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37, 42, 49, 94, 96, 98
Inmaris Perestroika Sailing Maritime Services Gmbh v Ukraine, ICSID Case No
ARB/08/8, Decision on Jurisdiction (8 March 2010). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Ioan Micula, Viorel Micula, SC European Food SA, SC Starmill SRL and
SC Multipack SRL v Romania, ICSID Case No ARB/05/20, Award
(11 December 2013). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Ioan Micula, Viorel Micula, SC European Food SA, SC Starmill SRL and
SC Multipack SRL v Romania, ICSID Case No ARB/05/20, Decision on
Jurisdiction and Admissibility (24 September 2008). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Ioannis Kardassopoulos v Georgia, ICSID Case No ARB/05/18, Decision on
Jurisdiction (6 July 2007) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94, 99, 100

KT Asia Investment Group BV v Kazakhstan, ICSID Case No ARB/09/8,

Award (17 October 2013). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107, 132–33

Lao Holdings NV v Lao People’s Democratic Republic, ICSID Case No

ARB(AF)/12/6, Decision on Jurisdiction (21 February 2014). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 114
Lauder v Czech Republic, UNCITRAL, Award (3 September 2001) . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 61, 82–83
LFH Neer and Pauline Neer (United States v Mexico) (1926)
4 RIA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60, 61–62, 151–53
Liman Caspian Oil BV and NCL Dutch Investment BV v Kazakhstan,
ICSID Case No ARB/07/14, Award (22 June 2010) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

MCI Power Group LC and New Turbine v Ecuador, ICSID Case No ARB/03/6,
Award (31 July 2007). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Merril & Ring Forestry LP v Canada, UNCITRAL (NAFTA), Award
(31 March 2010) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144–45, 153
Metalclad Corp v Mexico, ICSID Case No ARB(AF)/97/1 (NAFTA), Award
(30 August 2000). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Metal-Tech Limited v Uzbekistan, ICSID Case No ARB/10/3, Award
(4 October 2013). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83–84, 97, 109
Methanex Corp v United States, UNCITRAL (NAFTA), Partial Award
(7 August 2002). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
 Table of Cases xvii
Methanex Corp v United States, UNCITRAL (NAFTA), Final Award
(3 August 2005). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Middle East Cement Shipping and Handling Co SA v Egypt, ICSID
Case No ARB/99/6, Jurisdiction and Liability (12 April 2002). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Milicom v Senegal, ICSID Case No ARB/03/20, Decision on Provisional Measures
(9 December 2009). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Mobil Corp, Venezuela Holdings BV v Venezuela, ICSID Case No ARB/07/27,
Decision on Jurisdiction (10 June 2010) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14, 17, 35, 108, 110–13, 134
Mondev v United States, ICSID Case No ARB(AF)/99/2, Award
(11 October 2002). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Mondev v United States, ICSID Case No ARB(AF)/99/2, Pleadings
(22 May 2002). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
MTD Equity Sdn Bhv and MTD Chile SA v Chile, ICSID
Case No ARB/01/7, Decision on Annulment (21 March 2007) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154, 156

National Gas SAE v Egypt, ICSID Case No ARB/11/7, Award (3 April 2014)
(unpublished). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Niko Resources (Bangladesh) Ltd v Bangladesh, ICSID Case No ARB/10/11,
ARB/10/18, Decision on Jurisdiction (19 August 2013) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30, 102–04
Noble Ventures Inc v Romania, ICSID Case No ARB/01/11, Award
(12 October 2005). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40, 48–49
Nordzucker AG v Poland, UNCITRAL, Partial Award (Jurisdiction)
(10 December 2008) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Occidental Petroleum Corp, Occidental Exploration and Production Company v

Ecuador, ICSID Case No ARB/06/11, Award (5 October 2012). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Opel Austria v Council (C-115/94) [1997] ECR-SC II-39. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Pac Rim Cayman LLC v El Salvador, ICSID Case No ARB/09/12, Decision on the
Respondent’s Jurisdictional Objections (1 June 2012). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17, 35, 112–14, 116
Pan American Energy LLC v Argentina, ICSID Case No ARB/03/13, Decision on
Preliminary Objections (27 July 2006). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Petrobart Limited v Kyrgyz Republic (Award) (Stockholm Chamber of Commerce,
Case No 126/2003, 29 March 2005). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 73–74, 82
Phillip Morris Asia Ltd v Australia, Permanent Court of Arbitration
Case No 2012-12 (UNCITRAL) (pending). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Phoenix Action Ltd v Czech Republic, ICSID Case No ARB/06/5
(15 April 2009) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13, 42, 49, 55, 72, 88, 95, 100–1, 108–13, 126–27, 135
Plama Consortium Limited v Bulgaria, ICSID Case No ARB/03/24, Award
(27 August 2008). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55, 97
Plama Consortium Limited v Bulgaria, ICSID Case No ARB/03/24, Decision on
Jurisdiction (8 February 2005) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48, 119, 137
Pope and Talbot Inc v Canada, UNCITRAL (NAFTA), Interim Award
(26 June 2000). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 64, 73

Quiborax SA, Non Metallic Minerals SA and Allan Fosk Kaplún v Bolivia,
ICSID Case No ARB/06/2, Decision on Jurisdiction (27 September 2012). . . . . . . . 23, 109

Rafat Ali Rizvi v Indonesia, ICSID Case No ARB/11/13, Award on Jurisdiction

(16 June 2013). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137–38
xviii Table of Cases
Railroad Development Corp v Guatemala, ICSID Case No ARB/07/23,
Award (29 June 2012) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152, 160–61
Railroad Development Corp v Guatemala, ICSID Case No. ARB/07/23,
Second Decision on Objections to Jurisdiction (18 May 2010). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Rompetrol Group NV v Romania, ICSID Case No ARB/06/3, Award
(6 May 2013). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Rompetrol Group NV v Romania, ICSID Case No ARB/06/3, Decision on
Respondent’s Preliminary Objections on Jurisdiction and Admissibility
(18 April 2008) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34, 107, 118
RSM v Grenada, ICSID Case No ARB/05/14, Order of the Annulment
Committee (28 April 2011). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
RSM v Grenada, ICSID Case No ARB/10/06, Award (10 December 2010). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Rumeli Telekom AS and Telsim Mobil Telekomunikasyon Hizmetleri
AS v Kazakhstan, ICSID Case No ARB/05/16, Award (29 July 2008). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Saar Papier Vertriebes GmbH v Poland, UNCITRAL, Final Award (16 October 1995). . . . . . 115
Saba Fakes v Turkey (Award) (ICSID Case No ARB/07/20, 14 July 2010). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Saipem SpA v Bangladesh, ICSID Case No ARB/05/07, Jurisdiction and Provisional
Measures (21 March 2007). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Salini Costruttori SpA and Italstrade SpA v Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
(Decision on Jurisdiction) (ICSID Case No ARB/02/13, 29 November 2004). . . . . . . . . . 40
Saluka Investment BV v Czech Republic, UNCITRAL, Partial
Award (17 March 2006). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34, 107–08, 118, 122, 128, 148, 158, 168
SAUR v International SA v Argentina, ICSID Case No ARB/04/4, Jurisdiction
and Liability (6 June 2012) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
SD Myers v Canada, UNCITRAL (NAFTA), Partial Award (13 November 2000). . . . . . . . . . 64
Sempra Energy International v Argentina, ICSID Case No ARB/02/16, Decision on
Objections to Jurisdiction (11 May 2005). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
SGS Société Générale de Surveillance SA v Pakistan, ICSID Case No ARB/01/13,
Decision of the Tribunal on Objections to Jurisdiction (6 August 2003). . . . . . 47, 73, 82, 84
SGS Société Générale de Surveillance SA v Pakistan, ICSID Case No ARB/01/13,
Procedural Order No 2 (16 October 2002). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
SGS Société Générale de Surveillance SA v Paraguay, ICSID Case No ARB/07/29,
Decision on Annulment (19 May 2014). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
SGS Société Générale de Surveillance SA v Philippines, ICSID Case No ARB/02/6,
Decision on Jurisdiction (29 January 2004) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82, 106
Siemens AG v Argentina, ICSID Case No ARB/02/8, Award (17 January 2007) . . . . . . . . 26, 129
Société Générale In respect of DR Energy Holdings Limited and Empresa
Distribuidora de Electricidad del Este v Dominican Republic, London Court of
International Arbitration Case No UN 7927 (UNCITRAL), Award on Preliminary
Objections to Jurisdiction (19 September 2008) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Soufraki v United Arab Emirates, ICSID Case No ARB/02/7, Award
(7 July 2004). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34, 122
Southern Pacific Properties (Middle East) Limited v Egypt, ICSID
Case No ARB/84/3, Award (20 May 1992). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Southern Pacific Properties (Middle East) Limited v Egypt, ICSID
Case No ARB/84/3, Decision on Jurisdiction (27 November 1985). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
ST-AD GmbH (Germany) v Bulgaria (Award on Jurisdiction)
(UNCITRAL, 18 July 2013). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Suez, Sociedad General de Aguas de Barcelona SA and Vivendi Universal SA v
Argentina, ICSID Case No ARB/03/19, Decision on Liability (30 July 2010). . . . . . .51, 148
 Table of€Cases xix
Tanzania Electric Power Supply v Independent Power Tanzania Ltd, ICSID
Case No ARB/98/8, Decision on Tariffs and Other Remaining
Issues (22 June 2001). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ 26
Tecnicas Medioambientales TECMED SA v Mexico, ICSID Case No
ARB(AF)/00/2, Award (29 May 2003). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .尓 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129,€144
TECO Guatemala Holdings LLC v Guatemala, ICSID Case No ARB/10/17,
Award (19 December 2013). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .尓 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .尓 . . . . . . . . 145,€153
Tidewater Inc v Venezuela, ICSID Case No ARB/10/5, Decision on Jurisdiction
(8 February 2013) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .尓 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .尓 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,€111
Tokios Tokelés v Ukraine, ICSID Case No ARB/02/18, Decision on Jurisdiction
(29 April 2004). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34, 40, 106–08, 118–20,€131–34
Tokios Tokelés v Ukraine, ICSID Case No ARB/02/18, Order No 1 Provisional
Measures (1 July 2003) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
TSA Spectrum de Argentina SA v Argentina, ICSID Case No ARB/05/5, Award
(19 December 2008) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Tulip Real Estate and Development Netherlands BV v Turkey, ICSID Case No
ARB/11/28, Award (10 March 2014). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . 156

Vacuum Salts v Ghana, ICSID Case No ARB/92/1, Award (16 February 1994). . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Vannessa Ventures Ltd v Venezuela, ICSID Case No ARB(AF)/04/6, Award
(16 January 2013) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .尓 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .尓 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,€109

Waste Management Inc v Mexico (‘Number 2’), ICSID Case No ARB(AF)/00/3,

Award (30 April 2004). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75, 115, 129, 156–58, 160,€167
Wena Hotels Ltd v Egypt, ICSID Case No ARB/98/4, Decision on Annulment
(5 February 2002). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . 70
World Duty Free Co Ltd v Kenya, ICSID Case No ARB/00/7, Award
(4 October 2006). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98,€101–04

Yaung Chi Oo Trading Pte Ltd v (Award) (ASEAN Case No ARB/01/1,

31 March 2003). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .尓 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .尓 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94, 128,€139
Yukos Universal Limited (Isle of Man) v Russian Federation, Permanent
Court of Arbitration Case No AA 227 (UNCITRAL), Final Award
(18 July 2014). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .尓 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .尓 . . . . . . . . . . . . 97, 104, 160,€166
Yukos Universal Limited (Isle of Man) v Russian Federation, Permanent Court of
Arbitration Case No AA 227 (UNCITRAL), Interim Award on Jurisdiction
and Admissibility, (30 November 2009). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .尓 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,€137

OT H E R I N T E R-S TAT E DISPU T E S

Affaire relative à la concession des phares de l’Empire ottoman (Grèce, France)
(Sentence Arbitrale) (Permanent Court of Arbitration, 24/27 July 1956)
XII UNRIAA 155. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . 37
Arbitration on the Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary between Guinea and
Guinea-Bissau (Decision) (14 February 1985)€XIX UNRIAA 149 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .尓 . 57

Case concerning the Audit of Accounts between the Netherlands and France in
Application of the Protocol of 25 September 1991 Additional to the Convention
for the Protection of the Rhine from Pollution by Chlorides of 3 December
1976 (2004) 25 UNRIAA 267 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . 149
xx Table of Cases
Cotesworth and Powell (Great Britain v Colombia) (1875) 2 Moore Intl
Arbitrations 2050 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

France et Saint-Dominique (1900) 7 RGDIP 274. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

Gibbs and Hill Inc v Iran Power Generation and Transmission Company (TAVANIR)
of the Ministry of Energy of the Government of Iran (Interlocutory Award)
Award No ITL 1-6-FT (5 November 1982) 1 Iran-US CTR 236 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Guyana v Suriname (Award) (Permanent Court of Arbitration,
17 September 2007). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29–30, 104

Jesse Lewis (United States v Great Britain) (1921) 6 UNRIAA 85. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167–69

Teodoro García and MA Garza (Mexico v United States) (1926) 4 UNRIAA 119 . . . . . . . . . . 152
Trail Smelter Arbitration (United States v Canada) (Award II) (1941)
3 UNRIAA 1905, 1965. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
 Table of Treaties
BI L AT E R A L A N D R E GION A L
I N V E S T M E N T T R E AT I E S
Accord entre l’Union économique
belgo-luxembourgeoise et le
Gouvernement de la République de
Bolivie concernant l’encouragement
et la protection réciproques des
investissements (1990)������������������������� 57
Article 11(5)��������������������������������������������� 57
Agreement between the Federal
Republic of Germany and the
Republic of Ghana for the
Encouragement and Reciprocal
Protection of Investments (1995)��������� 95
Agreement between the Federal Republic
of Germany and the Republic of the
Philippines on the Promotion and
Reciprocal Protection of
Investments (1997) ��������������������� 96, 139
Article 1(1)�����������������������������������������������96
Article 3(a)��������������������������������������������� 139
Agreement between the Government of
Hong Kong and the Government
of Australia for the Promotion and
Protection of Investments (1993)�������� 61,
64–65, 68, 78, 85
Article 13.2 ��������������������������������������������� 78
Agreement between the Government
of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Northern
Ireland and the Government of the
United Mexican States for the
Promotion and Reciprocal Protection
of Investments (2006) ��������������������������118
Article 1������������������������������������������������� 118
Agreement between the Government
of Ukraine and the Government
of the Republic of Lithuania for the
Promotion and Reciprocal
Protection of Investments
(1994) ����������������������������������������� 131–32
Agreement between Japan and the Socialist
Republic of Viet Nam for the
Liberalization, Promotion and
Protection of Investment (2003) ������� 119
Article 22(2) ����������������������������������������� 119
Agreement between the Republic of
Austria and the Republic of Uzbekistan
for the Promotion and Protection
of Investments (2000)����������������������� 119
Article 10����������������������������������������������� 119
Agreement between the Republic of
Columbia and the Swiss Confederation
on the Promotion and Reciprocal
Protection of Investments (2006�������128
Article 1(2)(b) ���������������������������������������128
Agreement between the Republic of
Turkey and the Republic of the
Philippines concerning the
Reciprocal Promotion and Protection
of Investments (1999) ����������������������� 139
Article 1(iii)������������������������������������������� 139
Agreement between the Swiss Federal
Council and the Government of the
People’s Republic of China on the
Promotion and Reciprocal
Protection of Investments
(2009)������������������������������������������� 63, 77
Article 1.1(a) ������������������������������������������� 63
Article 11.2 ���������������������������������������������77
Agreement on Encouragement and
Reciprocal Protection of
Investments between the Kingdom
of the Netherlands and the Czech
and Slovak Federal
Republic (1991)�����������������������������42, 57
Article 1(a)�����������������������������������������42, 57
Agreement on Encouragement and
Reciprocal Protection of Investments
between the Kingdom of the
Netherlands and the Republic of
Bolivia (1992) �����������������������������������134
xxii Table of Treaties
Agreement on Encouragement and Agreement on Trade-Related
Reciprocal Protection of Investments Investment Measures��������������������� 62,€67
between the Kingdom of the Article 2.1 ����������������������������������尓������������� 67
Netherlands and the Republic of Agreement on Implementation of
Venezuela (1991) ������������������������������� 110 Article VI of the General Agreement
ASEAN Comprehensive Investment on Tariffs and€Trade 1994������������������� 21
Agreement (2009)�������������������� 128, 139, Agreement on Technical Barriers
141–42,€147 to Trade����������������������������������尓���������������������62
Article 11(1)–(2) ����������������������������������尓� 147 Agreement on Textiles and Clothing����������� 50
Article 19����������������������������������尓������� 141–42 Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of
Bilateral Investment Treaty between Intellectual Property Rights��������������� 13,
the Government of Great Britain 63–64,€66–68
and Northern Ireland and the Article€3����������������������������������尓�����������������66
Government of Romania for the Article€4����������������������������������尓�����������������66
Promotion and Reciprocal
Article 24����������������������������������尓��������������� 13
Protection of Investments (1995)��������� 51
Treaty between the United States of Article 41.2 ����������������������������������尓����������� 67
America and the Argentine Article 42����������������������������������尓���������������68
Republic concerning the Reciprocal Article 48.2����������������������������������尓����������� 13
Encouragement and Protection of
Article 58(c)����������������������������������尓����������� 13
Investment (1991) ����������������������������� 119
Article 63����������������������������������尓���������������68
Article 1(2)����������������������������������尓����������� 119
General Agreement on Tariffs and
Trade 1994������������ 13, 21, 33–44, 50, 53,
62–63, 66–68, 89,€178
PR E F E R E N T I A L T R A DE Article€I����������������������������������尓�����������������66
AGR E E M E N TS
Article III����������������������������������尓���������������66
Australia–Chile Free Trade Agreement Article€X ����������������������������������尓���������������68
(2008)����������������������������������尓���������������79 Article X.3(b)����������������������������������尓���������68
Article 21.2.1����������������������������������尓���������79 Article XX����������������������������������尓������� 53,€89
Dominican Republic–Central
America–United States Free Trade Article XVII.2����������������������������������尓������� 67
Agreement (2004)����������������������������� 147 Article XXIII:1(b)����������������������������������尓� 13
Article 10.5(1)–(2)��������������������������������� 147 General Agreement on Trade in
Malaysia–Australia Free Trade Services���������������������� 13, 62–63,€66–88
Agreement (2012) ������������������������������� 79 Article II ����������������������������������尓���������������66
Article 20.5 ����������������������������������尓�����������79 Article III����������������������������������尓���������������68
North American Free Trade Article VI����������������������������������尓���������������68
Agreement (1992) ������������ 22, 76–77, 81, Article XIV����������������������������������尓�����������66
118,€163
Article XVI����������������������������������尓����������� 67
Article 201(1)����������������������������������尓������� 118
Article XXIII:3 ����������������������������������尓����� 13
Article 2005(4) ����������������������������������尓����� 76 Understanding on Rules and
Procedures Governing the
Settlement of Disputes�������������13, 16, 21,
WOR L D T R A DE ORG A N I Z AT ION 41, 47, 52, 54, 56, 64–66, 75–76,€80–81
AGR E E M E N TS Article 1.1 ����������������������������������尓�������������64
Agreement on the Application of Sanitary Article 3.1 ����������������������������������尓������������� 47
and Phytosanitary Measures ��������������� 47 Article 3.2����������������������������������尓� 16,€41,€56
 Table of Treaties
Article 3.7 �����������������������13, 54, 65–66,€76
Article 3.10 ����������������������13, 21, 52,€76,€80
Article 4.3����������������������������������尓� 13,€52,€76
Article 19.2 ����������������������������������尓����������� 16
Article 22����������������������������������尓���������������66
Article 23����������������������������������尓��������� 65,€75
Article 23.1 ����������������������������������尓����� 66,€75
Article 26.1 ����������������������������������尓����� 13,€75
OT H E R T R E AT I E S
Agreement Establishing an Association
between Central America, on the one
hand, and the European Union and
its Member States, on the other
(2012) (not yet in force)����������������������� 79
Article 326����������������������������������尓������������� 79
Charter of the Organization of
American States (1948) ��������������������� 173
Article 3(c)����������������������������������尓����������� 173
Charter of the United Nations
(1945)����������������������������������尓�������� 12,€173
Article 2(2) ������������������������������� 12, 89,€173
Article 33����������������������������������尓��������������� 12
Convention on the Settlement of
Investment Disputes between
States and Nationals of Other
States (1965) ��������������������� 16–17, 27, 41,
55, 57, 65, 84, 93, 95, 106,
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Preamble����������������������������������尓����� 123,€129
Article 25����������������������������������尓�������108–09
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Article 27����������������������������������尓��������������� 65
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Article 42(1)����������������������������������尓����������� 17
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xxiii
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Rule 44 ����������������������������������尓������������� 25
Energy Charter Treaty (1994)�������������������� 67,
97–98,€118
Article 1(7)(a)����������������������������������尓������� 118
Article€5����������������������������������尓����������������� 67
Article 26(2) ����������������������������������尓��������� 98
Article 26(6) ����������������������������������尓��������� 98
Rome Statute of the International
Criminal Court (1998) ����������������������� 12
Article 86����������������������������������尓��������������� 12
Statute of the International
Court of Justice (1945)�������������������10, 27,
69,€173
Article 38(1)(c)����������������������������10, 69,€173
Article 38(2) ����������������������������������尓��������� 27
United Nations Convention on the
Law of the Sea (1982)��������������������12, 28,
104–05,€173
Article 105����������������������������������尓����������� 173
Article 157����������������������������������尓����������� 173
Article 294����������������������������������尓������������� 12
Article 300����������������������������������尓����� 12,€173
Vienna Convention on the Law of
Treaties (1969)������������������������������ 11–12,
15, 18, 38–40, 42–44, 46, 48–50,
52–53, 55, 112, 123–26, 132,
147–48,€168
Article 18������������������������������12, 18, 39,€124
Article 26������������ 12, 15, 18, 39, 43, 53,€124
Article 28����������������������������������尓������������� 112
Article 31����������������������48–50, 52, 125,€174
Article 31(1)������������12, 18, 38, 42, 124,€174
Article 31(3)(a)-(c)���������������������12, 44,€126
Article 32����������������������������������尓���40,€42,€44
Article 33����������������������������������尓���������40,€44
Vienna Convention on the Law of
Treaties between States and
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Organizations (1986)
(not yet in force)����������������������������� 38,€89
Preamble����������������������������������尓��������������� 89
Article 26����������������������������������尓��������������� 89
Article 31����������������������������������尓��������� 38,€89
xxiv Table of Treaties
Article 32����������������������������������尓��������������� 38 Article 1.1(a) ����������������������������������尓��������� 63
Article 33����������������������������������尓��������������� 38 Article 1(3)(a)����������������������������������尓������� 128
Indian Model Text of Bilateral
DR A F T A N D MODE L T R E AT I E S Investment Promotion and
Protection Agreement ������������������������� 63
Canada Model Foreign Investment Article 1(b)(i)����������������������������������尓��������� 63
Protection Agreement (2004) ������������ 57, OECD Draft Convention on the
63–64,€67 Protection of Foreign
Article€1����������������������������������尓�����������������64 Property (1968)��������������������������������� 159
Article€7����������������������������������尓����������������� 67 Article III commentary 5(a)������������������� 159
Article 40����������������������������������尓��������������� 52 United States Model Bilateral
Comprehensive Trade and Economic Investment Treaty (2012)���������������57, 63,
Agreement between Canada and 67,€78,€84
the European Union (Draft Article€1����������������������������������尓����������������� 63
Consolidated Text) (2014)����������147,€164 Article€8����������������������������������尓����������������� 67
German Model Treaty concerning
Article 26.2����������������������������������尓����������� 78
the Encouragement and
Reciprocal Protection of Article 30(1)����������������������������������尓����������� 57
Investments (2008)��������������������� 63,€128 Article 33����������������������������������尓��������� 78,€84
 List of Contributors

Jorun Baumgartner is currently a research and teaching assistant and PhD candi-
date at the Chair of Public International Law of the University of Lausanne. She is
admitted to the bar in Germany and holds an LLM in European and International
Economic and Commercial Law from the University of Lausanne and a Diploma of
Advanced Studies in Mediation. Prior to pursuing her doctoral studies, she worked
for several years as a legal advisor for the International Committee of the Red Cross
in Geneva and as a lawyer in the private sector and private practice. Baumgarter is
a contributing author to a Commentary on the Swiss Penal Code on crimes against
humanity (2014). Her doctoral studies focus on international investment law.
Heather L Bray is a PhD Researcher at the University of Amsterdam for the Lex
Mercatoria Publica Project directed by Professor Stephan Schill. She is also an SJD
candidate in the International Trade and Business Law Program at the University of
Arizona. Bray completed an Articling Placement in Ontario, Canada, with Dr Todd
Weiler, in the area of international investment and commercial arbitration. She also
was a Legal Research Associate with Juris Publishing, developing Arbitrationlaw.
com, an online legal database dedicated to international arbitration. Bray completed
a thesis-based LLM in Business Law and Taxation at the University of Western
Ontario. She is a Barrister and Solicitor of the Law Society of Upper Canada. She
holds an LLB from the University of New Brunswick and a BA in Justice Studies
from Royal Roads University.
Eric De Brabandere is Associate Professor of International Law at the Grotius
Centre for International Legal Studies at Leiden University, Visiting Professor at the
Faculté Libre de Droit of the Université Catholique de Lille (France), editor-in-chief
of the Leiden Journal of International Law, and a member of the board of editors of
the Journal of World Investment & Trade and the Revue belge de droit international.
He is also a member of the Brussels bar, practising in international law and interna-
tional arbitration. He has published numerous articles and books on international
investment law and arbitration, including Investment Treaty Arbitration as Public
International Law: Procedural Aspects and Implications (Cambridge University Press
2014) and—as editor with Tarcisio Gazzini—International Investment Law: The
Sources of Rights and Obligations (Martinus Nijhoff 2012) and Foreign Investment
in the Energy Sector: Balancing Private and Public Interests (Martinus Nijhoff 2014).
Andrew D Mitchell is Professor at Melbourne Law School, Australian Research
Council Future Fellow (2014-2018), Assistant Director Research at the Melbourne
School of Government, Director of the Global Economic Law Network, and a
member of both the Indicative List of Panellists to hear World Trade Organization
disputes and the Energy Charter Roster of Panellists. In addition to his Melbourne
xxvi List of Contributors
teaching, Mitchell has taught law at Georgetown University, Bond University,
Monash University, and the University of Western Ontario, and to Australian and
overseas government officials for the Australian Attorney-General’s Department
and Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, the International Development
Law Organization, and the Canadian International Development Agency.
Mitchell also consults for states, government departments, the private sector and
international organizations. He has published over 100 academic books and jour-
nal articles on areas including the law of the World Trade Organization, interna-
tional law, and international investment law. He is a series editor of the Oxford
University Press International Economic Law Series, an editorial board member
of the Journal of International Economic Law, and a general editor of the Journal
of International Dispute Settlement. He has law degrees from Melbourne, Harvard
and Cambridge.
James Munro is a PhD candidate at Melbourne Law School, The University of
Melbourne. He has worked for a number of years in international trade law and
international investment law as a Legal Officer in the Office of International Law
of the Australian Attorney-General’s Department. He has worked on a number of
free trade agreement negotiations and on Australia’s involvement in World Trade
Organization disputes including as a third party, and he has provided general advice
to government on World Trade Organization law and bilateral investment treaties.
He has also spent time in the Office of International Climate Law, where he pro-
vided advice to government on legal issues relating to the Kyoto Protocol to the United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, international carbon markets,
and various climate-related treaties under negotiation. Munro is currently undertak-
ing graduate research into the consistency of the Clean Energy Act 2012 with interna-
tional trade law and international investment law.
Martins Paparinskis is Lecturer in Law at the University College London. He
was previously a Junior Research Fellow at Merton College Oxford and a Hauser
Research Scholar at New York University. He holds MJur, MPhil, and DPhil degrees
from the University of Oxford. Paparinskis is a general international lawyer with
a particular interest in international economic law and international dispute set-
tlement. His publications on international economic law include articles in the
British Yearbook of International Law and European Journal of International Law;
Basic Documents on International Investment Protection (Hart Publications 2012);
and a monograph, The International Minimum Standard and Fair and Equitable
Treatment (Oxford University Press 2013). Paparinskis is a Member of the Council of
Independent Experts in International and European Law for the Minister of Foreign
Affairs of Latvia.
Stephan W Schill is Professor of International and Economic Law and Governance
at the University of Amsterdam and Principal Investigator of the European Research
Council-funded project on ‘Transnational Public-Private Arbitration as Global
Regulatory Governance’. He is admitted to the bar in Germany and New York and is a
Member of the ICSID List of Conciliators. He is also the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal
 List of Contributors xxvii
of World Investment and Trade and has published numerous articles and several books
on international investment law, including The Multilateralization of International
Investment Law (Cambridge University Press 2009) and, as editor, International
Investment Law and Comparative Public Law (Oxford University Press 2010).
M Sornarajah LLB (Ceylon), LLM (Yale), LLM, PhD, LLD (London) is CJ Koh
Professor at the Faculty of Law of the National University of Singapore. He was previ-
ously the Tunku Abdul Rahman Professor of International Law at the University of
Malaya at Kuala Lumpur and Head of the Law School of the University of Tasmania,
Australia. He is the author of The Pursuit of Nationalized Property (Martinus Nijhoff
1986), International Commercial Arbitration (Longman 1992), The Law of International
Joint Ventures (Longman 1994), The International Law on Foreign Investment
(Cambridge University Press 1996, 2nd ed 2004, 3rd ed 2010), and The Settlement of
Foreign Investment Disputes (Kluwer 2001). He is joint editor of China, India and the
International Economic Order (Cambridge University Press 2010). Sornarajah was the
Director of the UNCTAD/WTO Programme on Investment Treaties, Pretoria and
New Delhi. He is a Fellow of the Australian Centre for International Commercial
Arbitration and is on the Regional Panel of the Singapore International Arbitration
Centre. He has been arbitrator or counsel in several leading investment arbitrations.
He has published extensively in the areas of international commercial arbitration,
public international law and international investment law. He is an Advocate of the
Supreme Court of Ceylon, an Advocate and Solicitor of the High Court of Singapore,
and a Solicitor of the High Court of England and Wales. He is an Honorary Member
of the Indian Society of International Law.
Isabelle Van Damme works as a legal secretary (référendaire) in the chambers of
Advocate General Sharpston at the Court of Justice of the European Union and is a
Visiting Lecturer at the Université Catholique de Louvain. She previously worked as
an associate in Sidley Austin’s Geneva office, with a practice focused on World Trade
Organization law and its enforcement, and as a lecturer and the Turpin-Lipstein
Fellow at Clare College, University of Cambridge. She has been a visiting researcher
at Columbia University in New York, the Graduate Institute’s Centre for Trade and
Economic Integration in Geneva, and the Institute of International Economic Law
in Washington DC. Her previous work experience also includes a legal internship at
the Appellate Body Secretariat of the World Trade Organization and a Legal Liaison
Officer position at the United Nations International Law Commission. She holds
degrees from the Universiteit Gent, Georgetown University Law Center, and the
University of Cambridge and is a member of the editorial boards of the Revue belge de
droit international and the Cambridge Journal of International and Comparative Law.
Her publications include a monograph on Treaty Interpretation by the WTO Appellate
Body (Oxford University Press 2009).
Tania Voon is Professor and from 2012 to 2014 was Associate Dean (Research) at
Melbourne Law School, The University of Melbourne. She is a former Legal Officer
of the Appellate Body Secretariat of the World Trade Organization and has previ-
ously practised law with Mallesons Stephen Jaques and the Australian Government
xxviii List of Contributors
Solicitor. She has taught law at Georgetown University, the University of Western
Ontario, the Australian National University, Monash University, and Bond
University. Voon undertook her LLM at Harvard Law School and her PhD in law at
the University of Cambridge. She has published widely in the areas of public inter-
national law and international economic law. She is the author of Cultural Products
and the World Trade Organization (Cambridge University Press 2007) and a member
of the Indicative List of Governmental and Non-Governmental Panellists for resolv-
ing World Trade Organization disputes and the Roster of Panellists to assist in the
resolution of trade disputes between parties to the Energy Charter Treaty. Voon has
provided expert advice and training to entities such as the Australian Department
of Foreign Affairs and Trade, the World Trade Organization, the World Health
Organization, Telstra, and the McCabe Centre for Law and Cancer. In 2014 she was
Senior Emile Noël Fellow at the Jean Monnet Center for International and Regional
Economic Law & Justice, New York University School of Law.
Andreas R Ziegler studied economics, international relations and law at the
Universities of St Gallen (BA, MA, BLaw, MLaw), Madrid (Escuela Diplomatica),
Paris (SciencesPo), Florence (LLM, European University Institute), Oxford,
and London (University of London, School of Oriental and African Studies
(SOAS)). After obtaining his doctorate in St Gallen in 1995, he undertook
post-doctoral research at Georgetown University Law Center (Washington DC)
and the Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International
Law in Heidelberg (Germany). He was a civil servant working for several Swiss
Ministries as well as the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) Secretariat
and the European Commission before being appointed full professor of law at the
University of Lausanne in 2003. He is currently the Director of its LLM Program
in International and European Economic and Commercial Law. Ziegler holds an
adjunct professorship at the Law School of the University of New South Wales
as well as permanent visiting appointments at the Universities of Saarbrücken,
St Gallen and ETH Zürich. He has been invited to teach at many universities
around the world, including Lund, Paris, Rome, Cyprus, Berlin, Chicago-Kent,
Stetson College of Law, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS) and Pittsburgh.
He has published widely on European law, public international law, international
courts and tribunals, and trade and investment. He regularly consults for states,
government departments, the private sector and international organizations and
has represented clients in arbitral proceedings and before the European Court of
Human Rights and is counsel with a Zürich-based law firm.
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