HUMAN REPRODUCTION

LECTURE 01

A REPRODUCTION 8
process of producing offspring forcontinuity
of generation

AHEVENTS OFREPRODUCTION 8

H ie sperms in males
Gametogenesis ofgametes
formation
gatete generation
ovum in females

It is of two types 8
GAMETOGENESIS
I
t t
ESPERMATOGENESIS OOGENESIS

formation ofsperms formation of ovum

In Males In females

2 INSEMINATION transfer of malegamete sperm into the female

tract
genital

37 FERTILISATION fusion ofmaleand femalegametes

Malegamete Cam stagyqua
sperm
t
femalegamete ova 00zygote
 On the basis
of fertilisation animals are
of two types
1 Oviparous
Egg laying animals
fertilization is internal but developmentofembryo is

through external means

2 Viviparous Animals birth to
giving offspring

body
Humans are sexually reproducingand viviparous
i
iii
iii
4 IMPLANTATION attachment
of blastocyst to the uterinewall of mother
00 08 88.8.8
É
Zygote Cleavage Morula Blastocyst
lat Ibl cel ldl endometrium luterinewall

5 GESTATION i e duration
development
of embryo insideuterus of pregnancyI
6 PARTURITION mother's body
of fullydevelopedfoetusfrom
expulsion

Lie deliveryoffoetus childbirth

Difference in Reproductive Events of Male and Female

PERMATOGENESIS OOGENESII
Starts at puberty l starts at embryonic stage

Produces motile Produces non motile

gametes
gametes sperms
Continues in olden men formation of ovum ceases in
women around the age of
50 years MENOPAUSE
Human Reproductive system is madeof twotypesof reproductiveor sexorgans
PRIMARYSEXORGANSIT EECONDARY SEXORGANS

forproduction
Organs responsible 8 Organsdo noteither producegamete

ofgametes and secretionof sex or secrete sex hormones butplay

hormones
important role in reproduction eg

Egg Testis In Mak transfer storage maturationetc

In female Epididymis vasdeferens
Ovary
Ey
seminalvesicleetc InMales

vaginaetc Infemale
Oviduct uterus

THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Located in pelvic
region

Male Reproductive system includes

a
pairof testes ReteTestis
Vasa efferentia
Male duets
accessory
sits'deferens
seminal vesicles
Male accessory Prostate
glands gland
Bulbourethral
gland
Penis
Internal
genitalia Scrotum
in III seminalvesicle

L BalbourethralGland

testis

L foreskin
prepuce

VEI OE MALE PELVI

like structure called as scrotum

Helps in maintainingthe low temperatureoftestes 2 2.5 C

lower than the bodytemperature which is necessary

for
spermatogenesis

o It has two compartments separated by scrotalseptum

Scrotum

Calf
am

SCROTUM compartments

Testes
 Vas deferens
Prostategland
Y
zdEG
Balbo urethral
gland
oF

i
Glanspenis
Testis
foreskin

II REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEI
 HUMAN REPRODUCTION
LECTURE 02 03

2 TESTES paired structure

t In adults each testis is ovalshaped
as 470 5 am TESTis

NG
Length Eu San
Width 2 to 3 am
an
Testis is covered by three coats
isTunica 8 covers testis
vaginalis partially
has a parietal and visceral layer

is Tunica albuging it is dense whitefibrous coat

iii Tunica vasculosa vascularcoat lining the testicular
lobules
Each testis has about 250 compartments called

testicular lobules
Each testicular lobule highly coiled seminiferous
contains 1 3

tubules in which sperms are produced

Seminiferous tubule opens into vasa efferentia through

Lte testis
Vasa efferentia leaves the testis opens intoepididymis
 1250ineachtestis
mid

Ito ineach
testicular o
h i
i i

Parietallayer
Tunica

vaginaliscavity
leastcoiled

in
INTERNAL STRUCTURE IF TESTIS

FLOW CHART TESTIS

1
TESTICULAR LOBULES
1
SEMINIFEROUS TUBULE
1
RETE TESTIS
1
VASA EFFERENTIA
t
EPIDIDYMIS
I
VASDEFERENS
3 EPIDIDYMIS 8

Located
along
the posterior surface
of testis
It is a convoluted tube about 6m long
single
Has 3 parts caput epididymis

Corpus epididymis
cauda epididymis opens in vas deferens
4 VAS DEFERNS 8 paired structure

Epididymis leads to was deferens

It ascends to abdomen and loops over urinary bladder

It receives a duct from seminal vesicle and opens into

urethra as ejaculatory duct

Conveys sperms during sexual arousal

MALEACCESSORY GLANDS 8

Includes seminal vesicles paired

a prostate unpaired
bulbo urethral
glands paired
Secretions
of theseglands constitutetheseminal plasma
 A SEMINALVESICLI paired
Lie at the dorsolateral sides
of base ofurinary bladder
Each seminal vesicle joins ampulla vas deferens toform
of
ejaculatory duct

Secretions 8 alkaline viscous fluid rich in

fructose nutritionofsperm

fibrinogen prostaglandins etc

Majority ofvolume of seminal plasma is secreted by seminal

vesicles

B PROSTATE GLAND 8 Unpaired

Lies below urinary bladder

alkaline milky contains calcium
Profeta secretions
clotting enzyme etc

e BULBOURETHRAL GLAND also called Cowper's Glands

Paired
Lies at the sides urethra
of
 Secretions alkaline
fluid helps in protectionof sperms and
lubrication
of penis

SEMEM_ 8 Seminal plasma t sperms

pH semen 17.3 7 5 slightlyalkaline
of
Human male ejaculates about 200 300million sperm

a coitus
during
Ed hemal fatty 60 spermsmusthavenormal
shape size

40 must show vigorous motility

5 PEAK maleexternal
genitalia

upofspecialtissuethat helps
Made in erection and

facilitate insemination

Enlarged past is called glans penis

1
covered
by loosefoldof skin
called as foreskin
FA Both semen urine are
carried out by penis
 EXTERNAL
J Erectiletissue

iii i
GENTIA I
corpus caverns

L foreskin prepuce

6 URETHRAL 8
originates from urinary bladder

as extends through penis andopens in external

opening called urethral

meatus

D PATHWAY OF TRANSPORT OF SPERMS 8

Seminiferous tubule Retetestis Vasa efferentia Epididymis

ejaculatory duct
e Ampulla Vasdeferens I
Urethra out

SEMINIFEROUS TUBULE 8
Lined on its inside bygerminalepithelium

Has two types of cells

Male
germ cell
cuboidal shape
mature male
germcell is
called as
spermatogonia
Undergoes meioticdivisions leading to sperm
formation
 Sertolicells columnar shaped
provide nutrition to cells
germ
phagocytosis of dead improper sperms

Secrete factors called spermmaturationfactor

Also secreteABP Androgen Protein binds

Binding
to androgens and helps in its concentration in
testis

Region outside seminiferous tubule

is called interstitialspaces

contains small blood vessels and Leydigcells Interstitialcells

synthesise and secretetesticularhormone

Leydigcells
called androgens mainlytestosterone

give
Iiseto
p t j yÉÉÉ
8.88881 88
cells
Sertolicells
lumen
MEET Leydig Interstitialcell

SECTION OF TESTICULAR LOBULE

sestolicells sustentacular
cells
SEMINIFEROUS
TBULEI
Male cell
germ