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sf+u|];sf] cj/f]w / ;Qf?9 kf6L{aLrsf] k'm6n] st} ;/sf/sf]
eljiodfly g} ;+s6 cfOkg]{ t xf]Og eGg] l:ylt 5 .
b]zdf ;+;bLo nf]stflGqs Joj:yf :yfkgf eP b]lvg}
;+;bjfbL bnsf] ;Qf s]lGb|t /fhgLltsf sf/0f b]z / hgtfdfly ;ldlt ;b:o tyf ;'b"/klZrd k|b]z atfP . pgn] oxL a}zfv @% ut] atfP . cfk"mnfO{ lzif{ :yfgdf /fv]/ dGqL ljsNk ;Ln] g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ /
lbgk|lt lbg ;+s6 ylk+b} uPsf] 5 . ;+;b\jfbL bn / g]tfx¿sf] OGrfh{ e/t ;Lsf] cWoIftfdf a;]sf] cleofgsf] pb\ 3 f6g ug] { atfpF b } aGg] ;f+;b aGg] nf]edf k/]/ ;a} kf6L{ hgtfsf] ;DaGw gª / df;'sf] ;DaGw
oxL xs{tn] ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] lr/x/0f ePsf] 5 eg] k|yd a}7sn] ;f] lg0f{o u/]sf] xf] . cGt/lqmof, kflnsf, j8f e]nf ;DkGg leq efF8e}nf] dlRrPsf] atfpFb} pgn] ePsf] atfpFb} o;nfO{ yk ;'b9[ agfpg
a}7sn] To;}u/L ;'s'Daf;L ;d:of, ug]{ u/L a}7sn] lg0f{o u/]sf] hfgsf/L g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ hgtfsf] kf6L{ ^ dlxg] kf6L{ ;'b9[ Ls/0f tyf hg;DaGw
cfdhgtfdfem ;+;bLo Joj:yf 3[l0ft aGg k'u]sf] 5 . b]zsf] ld6/AofhL kLl8t / n3'ljQ kLl8tsf u/fP . ePsfn] hgtfsf] 3/b}nf]df cfPsf] atfP . lj:tf/ cleofg ;'? ul/Psf] atfP .
o:tf] lau|bf] /fhgLltnfO{ ;xL dfu{df Nofpg ca ;+;bLo ;d:ofnfO{ lnP/ ;+3if{ ug]{ lg0f{o o;}aLr, g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ hgtf hgfb{g x'g,\ hgtfnfO{ b]vfP/ vfg] pgn] ;a} vfn] ljs[lt, lj;+ult /
Joj:yfsf] ljsNk vf]Hg' clgjfo{ ePsf] 5 . o;sf] nflu u/]sf] 5 . ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zsf ;d:of ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zn] ^ dlxg] kf6L{ ;+:sf/sf] cGTo ub}{ hgtfnfO{ clwsf/ cGofo, cTofrf/sf] lj?4 hgtf /
;dfwfg ug{ ;]tL nf]sdfu{ / dxfsfnL ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf hg;DaGw lj:tf/ ;DkGg agfpg ^ dlxg] kf6L{ ;'b9[ Ls/0f kf6L{sf] ;DaGw k|uf9 agfP/ cufl8
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n] eg] h:tf] s:tf] zf;g Joj:yf / s:tf] s/L8f]/ lgdf{0fsf nfuL bafa lbg] cleofgsf] pb\ 3 f6g u/] s f] 5 . tyf hg;DaGw lj:tf/ cleofgsf] a9\g' kg]{ ePsfn] cleofgnfO{ ;kmn
zf;g k|0ffnL nfu" ug]{ eGg] km};nf ug]{ clwsf/ hgtfnfO{ lbg' lg0f{o ul/Psf] kf6L{sf :yfoL ;ldlt d+ u naf/ g] k fn sDo' l g:6 kf6L{ pb\3f6g ul/Psf] atfP . o'jfx¿nfO{ kfg{ cfu|x u/] . To;}u/L eneG;f
;a}eGbf pQd / j}1flgs x'G5 . To;}n] at{dfg /fhgLlts ;b:o tyf ;'b"/klZrd OGrfh{ e/t ;' b " / klZrd k| b ] z n] wgu9L pk– ljb]z knfog u/fP/ ufpFdf dnfdL lzjr/0f rf}w/Ln] vfgnfO{ hlt;'s} kf6L{
;+s6sf] ;dfwfgsf] nflu hgdt;+u|x ug{'sf] lasNk 5}g . ;Ln] hfgsf/L u/fP . pgn] ld6/Aofh dxfgu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ & a]nLdf gkfpg] cj:yf cfPsf] atfpFb} pgn] ePklg b]z / hgtfsf kIfdf af]Ng]
kLl8t / n3'ljQ kLl8tx¿sf] Gofosf /x]sf] rf}w/L a:tLdf ^ dlxg] kf6L{ o'jfx¿nfO{ g]kfndf /f]Sg' kg]{ atfP . sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ dfq} ePsf] atfP . pgn]
cfk"mnfO{ nf]stGqsf] 7]s]bf/ 7fGg] / dfGg] ;+;bjfbL bn / kIfdf cfjfh p7fpg] lg0f{o u/]sf] ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf hg;DaGw lj:tf/ hgtfsf] nflu kf6L{ agfpg] p2]Zosf hgtfsf nflu kf6L{n] ;+3if{ ub}{ cfPsf]
g]tfx¿ hgdt;+ux| af6 efUg' x'bF g} . cfhsf] @! cf}F ztfAbLsf hfgsf/L u/fP . To;}u/L ;'b"/klZrd cleofgsf] pb\ 3 f6g u/] s f] xf] . ;fy hg;DaGw hf]8\g / hgtfsf atfpFb} kfs]sf] kmn ;a}n] vfg vf]Hg]
;r]t gful/sn] nf]stGqsf] gfddf n'6tGq / lg/+s'ztGq k|b]z kf6L{n] j]a;fO{8 agfP/ kf6L{sf d+unaf/ ljxfg g]skfsf :yfoL ;ldlt ;d:of;Fu Psfsf/ x'g g]tf sfo{stf{ atfP . g]kfn sDo'lg6 kf6L{ kfSg nfu]sf]
g]tfsfo{stf{x¿sf] ljj/0f /fVg] / ;b:o e/t ;L, sIff * df k9\b} u/]sL ufpFa:tLdf s]lGb|t ePsf] atfP . kmn xf], kfsL ;s]kl5 vfg cfpg]sf]
nfb\g vf]Hg] bn / g]tfx¿nfO{ /fd|/L lrgL ;s]sf 5g\ . hgtfsf u'gf;fx¿nfO{ ;d]6/] agfOPsf pmhf{jfg ljBfyL{ c+uLtf rf}w/L / kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo of]hgf cg';f/ ;ft nfOg nfUg]5 pgn] eg] . To;}u/L
;/sf/, ;+;b\jfbL bn / g]tfx¿n ca klg g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ ;fdfu|Lx¿ /flvg] lg0f{o ul/Psf] ;d]t eneG;f lzjr/0f rf}w/Ln] ;+o'Qm j6} k|bz ] df cleofgsf] pb\3f6g ul/g] cleofg pb\3f6gsf] qmddf cf7 hgf
u'd/fxdf kf/L /fhgLlt u5{' eGg' lbjf:jKgfafx]s s]xL x'g;Sb}g . hfgsf/L u/fP . :yfoL ;ldlt ;b:o ?kdf kf6L{ ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf hg;DaGw atfpFb} pgn] b]z / hgtfsf] d'lQm cgfy afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ sfkLsnd
t;y{, b]zsf] jt{dfg /fhgLlts ;+s6 ;dfwfgsf] nflu g]kfn e/t ;Ln] hftLo 5'jf5"t, af]S;Lsf] lj:tf/ cleofgsf] ;+ o ' Q m ?kdf gx'bF f;Dd /ut aufpg k/]klg kl5 gkg]{ ljt/0f ul/Psf] 5 .
cf/f] k df s' 6 kL6sf 36gf lj?4 pb\ 3 f6g u/] s f x' g \ . cleofgsf] atfP . /fli6« o hfu/0f Nofpg / /fli6«o dfWolds ljBfno a]nLdf
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n] eg] h:tf] …s:tf] zf;g Joj:yf / s:tf] zf;g cfGbf]ng ug]{ / nfu' cf}ifw /f]syfdsf pb\3f6g ub}{ :yfoL ;ldlt ;b:o cfTdlge{/ aGg klg cleofgsf] p2]Zo sIff & df cWoog/t /fdnfn rf}w/L,
k|0ffnLÚ nfu" ug]{ eGg] ljifodf tTsfn hgdt;+u|xsf] 3f]if0ff nfuL ;lqmo e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ lg0f{o /0flj/n] hgtf / kf6L{sf] ;DaGw ePsf] atfpFb} pgn] s';:+ sf/ s'/Lltsf l/t' rf}w/L, nfn /fgf, ljqmd ;fsL{ /
ug{k' 5{ / hgdt;+ux| sf] nflu tTsfn cfdqmflGtsf/L, k|ultzLn, ul/Psf] hfgsf/L u/fP . lj:tf/ ug{ cleofgsf] ;~rfng k5fl8 gnflu j}1flgs ;f]r / ljrf/sf lty{ /fjt, sIff * df cWoog/t,
pgn] ;dfhjfbL df] r f{ s f] ul/Psf] atfP . hgtfsf] cj:yf p:t} ;fy cufl8 a9\g' kg]{ atfP . pgn] s'g} c+uLtf rf}w/L, lk|tL /fgf / sIff ^ df
;Rrf nf]stGqjfbL / /fi6«jfbL /fhgLlts bn / g]tfnfO{ dfWodaf6 sDo'lgi6x¿sf] Pstfsf] 5, xfdL hgtfsf nflu nl8/x]sf 5f}F hflt geO{ ;a} Pp6} hflt ;L hflt cWoofg/t kfj{tL /fjtnfO{ sfkLsnd
;d]6/] ;+oQ' m k|ultzLn ;/sf/ u7g ug{' k5{ . cfhsf] cfjZostf, kxn eO/x]sf] atfpFb} ljrf/, sfo{lbzf hgtfsf] hLjg:t/ psf:g h?/L ePsf] agfpg ;L ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf; ub}{ kf6L{ ljt/0f ul/Psf] xf] .
;dosf] dfu / hgrfxgf klg oxL 5, r]tg eofÚ .
v]nf8Lsf] ;]jf ;'ljwf j[l4 u/
sf7df8f}F . o'jf ;+u7g g]kfnn] k|bz{g kl5 ;Daf]wg ub}{ o'jf
g]skf bfªåf/f clUgkLl8tsf] 3/ lgdf{0fdf xft]dfnf] ug]{ 3f]if0ff
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ ;ldtL ;b:o ljsfz ;L, kf6L{sf b'v ;+u;+u} g]skf hlxn]kgL xft]dfnf] u/fpg, elTsPsf 3/x¿ k'glg{df{0f
v]nf8Lsf] ;]jf ;'ljwf a9fpg dfu ;+u7g g]kfnsf cWoIf lbg]z ;Ln] bfªn] /fhk'/sf cfunfuL kLl8tnfO{ s]Gb|Lo k|ltlglw ;b:o Pjd bfª ug] { kf6L{ ePsfn] of] eLif0f ul/lbg'kg]{, ef}lts Ifltsf] /fHosf]
ub}{ k|bz{g u/]sf] 5 . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 v] n s' b If] q df ePsf /fhgLlt gub /fxt x:tfGt/0f ub} { lhNnf ;lrj ltns ;L, o'jf ;+u7g cfunfuLaf6 ePsf] ef}lts Ifltdf tkm{af6 kl/k"lt{ ug{'kg]{ kf6L{sf]
kf6L{lgs6 ;f] ;+u7gn] d+unaf/ efuj08f gug{ /fv]knfO{ r]tfjgL clUgkLl8tsf] 3/ lgdf{0fdf xft]dfnf] g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo sf]iffWoIf lhjgL ;L klg g] s kf ;+ u } /x] / sfd ug] { tkm{af6 dfu /x]sf] 5 .Ú
/fli6« o v] n s' b kl/ifb cufl8 lbP . pgn] /fli6« o 6Ldsf ug]{ 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 . lalxjf/ nufPtsf g]tfsfo{stf{x¿ eLif0f k|lta4tf ;d]t JoQm u/]sf lyP . g]tf ;ljgn] hgtfnfO{ hxfF b'Mv
v]nf8Lsf] ;'ljwf a9fpg dfu ub}{ k|lzIfsnfO{ /fHon] ;]jf ;'ljwf lbg' kf6L{sf lklaPd lztn ;L ;lxtsf] cfunfuLaf6 IftljIft ePsf] a:tL o:t} /fxt x:tfGt/0f sfo{qmddf k5{ ToxfF g]skf k'Ug] ePsfn] kf6L{n]
k|bz{g u/]sf] xf] . kg],{ 3/kl/jf/sf] :jf:Yo ;]jfnfO{ 6f] n Ln] /fhk' / ufpF k flnsf –& xf6af;df k|ToIf k'uL /fxt ;+sng af]Nb} g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo u/]sf] ;fgf] gub ;xof]u afx]s kf6L{
k| b z{ g df /fli6« o 6Ldsf lgz'Ns agfpg' kg]{ / ;a} If]qdf xf6jf;sf cfunfuL kLl8tnfO{ gub ;ldltsf ;+of]hs Pjd /fhk'/ ;b:o Pjd kf6L{sf bfª lhNnf g]tf sfo{stf{ clUgkLl8t hgtfsf]
v]nf8LnfO{ cfjf;sf] Joj:yf u/, v]ns'b /+uzfnf agfpg' kg],{ l6o' @* xhf/ % ;o ?k}ofF x:tfGt/0f ufpFkflnsf–& sf j8fcWoIf k'is/ OGrfh{ ;ljg ;Ln] clUgkLl8t ef}lts lgdf{0fdf xft]dfnf] ug{ klg
/fli6«o 6Ldsf k|lzIfsnfO{ ;]jf qmLs]6 /+uzfnfnfO{ oyfzL3| lgdf{0f ub} { clUgkLl8t 3/ lgdf{ 0 fdf jnLnfO{ gub /fxt x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] hgtf;Fu cfˆgf] kf6L{ b'Mv ;f6f;f6 cfpg] k|lta4tf JoQm u/] . pgn]
;'ljwf pknJw u/, lqlj qmLs]6 ug{' kg]{ / /fHon] v]ns'b If]qdf xft]dfnf] ug]{ 3f]if0ff u/]sf x'g\ . xf] . /fxt x:tfGt/0f ub}{ g]skfsf ug{ cfPsf] atfP . g]tf ;ljgn] elTsPsf 3/ k'glg{df{0fsf nflu
d}bfgdf ef}lts k'jf{wf/ lgdf{0f u/, nufgL a9fpg' kg]{ dfu u/] . /fHon] cfˆgf] gful/ssf] ;Dk'0f{ kf6L{n] >d lzlj/ rnfpg] pb\3f]if
/fli6« o 6Ldsf k| l zIfs / o;}u/L, cWoIf lbg]z ;Ln] dGqLnfO{ ;DktL gi6 x' F b f h' g k| s f/sf] ;d]t u/] .
kxnsbdL ;lxt cfpg'kg]{ lyof] Tof] pQm /fxt x:tfGt/0f sfo{qmddf
gb]lvPsf] k|lt kf6L{sf] tkm{af6 b'Mv /fhk'/ – & sf j8fcWoIf Pjd /fxt
;d]t JoQm u/] . ;+sng ;ldltsf ;+of]hs k'is/
pgn] eg]– …/fHon] cleefjsLo jnLn] /fxt pknAw u/fpg] g]kfn
e" l dsf lgjf{ x ug{ ' k b{ 5 . oxfF sDo'lg:6 kf6L{nfO{ wGojfb JoQm u/] .
:yfgLo, k|b]z / s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/n] ef} l ts Ifltsf] ljj/0f Pjd
gful/snfO{ olt 7"nf] b'Mv kbf{ xfn;Ddsf] ;+ s lnt /fxtaf/]
;xof]u ug{'kg]{, oxfF k|x/L 5, cfdL{ hfgsf/L lbFb} j8fcWoIf jnLn] sl/j
5 . /fHon] rfx]sf] eP cfˆgf] kmf];{ % s/f]8sf] Iflt ePsf], @^ dWo @#
kl/rfng u/]sf] eP of] sfd Ps 3/ hn]/ gi6 ePsf], xfn;Dd sl/j
xKtfdf ;DkGg x'g] sfd xf] t/ /fHo ;f9] $ nfv gub /fxt ;lxt cGo
v]nf8Lx¿sf] kl/jf/nfO{ :jf:Yo cfjf; rflxg] v]nf8LnfO{ grflxg] lsg kf6L{sf lklaPd Pjd s]Gb|Lo Gofo lklaPd Pjd s]Gb|Lo Gofo laefu lg/Lx 5 . /fHo olt lg/Lx 5 ls, nQfsk8f, 6]G6, kfn, h:tfkftf
pkrf/sf] Joj:yf u/, v]nf8LnfO{ < eGb} k|Zg ub}{ eg] – …dGqLn] s] u/]sf laefu k|d'v lztn ;L, kf6L{sf k|dv' lztn ;Ln] cfunfuLaf6 ePsf] lgsfox¿ olt lg/Lx 5g\ ls nufPtsf /fxt ;fdfu|L k|fKt ePsf]
lg/f;f xf]Og xf};nf b]p, /fhgLlt 5g\ < s]jn b]z s+ufn dfq agfpg s]Gb|Lo ;b:o Pjd bfª lhNnf ef}lts Ifltdf kf6L{sf] tkm{af6 b'Mv dfG5]sf] kL8fdf klg s;/L e|i6frf/ hfgsf/L ;d]t lbP .
euj08f xf]Og cj;/ b]p, v]n hfg]sf 5g\ . h;n] b]zsf] ;fg / uf}/j OGrfh{ ;ljg ;L, kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo JoQm ub}{ /fHon] tTsfn /fxt, ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] dfq} ;f]Rg] ub{5g\ . pQm /fxft x:tfGt/0f
hutnfO{ k|f]T;fxg u/, e|i6frf/ pRr /fVg v]n If]qaf6 b]znfO{ ;b:o Pjd bfª If]q g+=@ OGrfh{ k' g lg{ d f{ 0 f nufPtsf sfdx¿ xfdL ;/sf/nfO{ Wofgfsif{0f u/fpg sfo{ q mdsf] ;xhLs/0f g] k fn
xf]Og nufgL u/, o'jf ;+u7g g]kfn lrgfPsf 5g\ ltgnfO{ cfjf; ljlxg kf6g h+unL ;L, kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o k|efjsf/L 9+un] cuf8L a9fpg rfxG5f} ls oxfF s f clUgkLl8t sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ bfªsf lhNnf ;]qm]6/L
lhGbfjfb, PsLs[ t hgqmflGt agfpg x'bF g} . tTsfn v]nf8Lsf nflu ;Demgf ;L, kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo k|ltlglw ;'emfa lbP . g]tf lztnn] hgtfsf] hgtfnfO{ oyfzL3| /fxt pknAw ltns ;Ln] u/]sf lyP .
lhGbfjfbsf gf/f nufOPsf lyP . cfjf;sf] Joj:yf ug{k' 5{ .Ú
 @)*! ;fn j}zfv #) ut] cfOtaf/
r'Rr] gSzfsf] ;Gbe{ / g]kfnL gf]6sf] lajfb
g]kfnsf] ;/sf/n] ut @) ut]sf]
dlGqkl/ifbsf] a} 7 saf6 !))
?k}ofFsf] gf]6df gofF -r'Rr]_ gSzf
;d]6/] hf/Lug]{ lg0f{o u/]kl5 d'Vot
;/sf/L lg0f{osf] cfnf]rgf ePsf] 5 .
lajfbf:kb s'/fnfO{ gf]6df ;dfa]z
u/fP/ gf]6nfO{ klg lajfbdf kfg]{
sfd ug'x{ g' ] lyPg eGg] s'/fx¿ p7]sf
5g\ . lnk'n]s / lnlDkofw'/fsf]
e"uf]ndf cfˆgf] pkl:ylt hgfpg
g;Sg] t/ b]zsf] gSzf / gf]6df ;f]
8f= s]zj b]jsf]6f
;g\ !*!^ df ePsf] ;'uf}nL ;lGwkl5
ePsf la|l6z OlG8of ;/sf/sf
gSzfx¿df;d] t lnlDkofw' / f, lnk' n ] s /
sfnfkfgL nufotsf If] q g] k fns} ePsf]
pNn]v 5 . pQm ;lGwdf g]kfnsf] klZrdL
;Ldf sfnL gbL eg]/ tf]lsPsf] 5 . t/ Tolta]nf pQm gbLsf]
d'xfgaf/] pNn]v gul/Psfn] xfn ;d:of cfPsf] xf] . ;g\
!*^) eGbf cl3sf ;Dk" 0 f{ gSzfx¿df lnlDkofw' / faf6
lgl:sPsf] sfnLeg]/ n]lvPsf] kfOG5 . cd]l/sf / la|6]gsf
s] x L k' : tsfnodf cBflk lt k' / fgf gSzfx¿ /x] s f 5g\ .
ltgnfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ g]kfnn] cGt/f{li6«o cbfntdf hfg;Sg]
xf]eg] pQm If]qx¿ g]kfns} /x]sf] k|dfl0ft x'G5 . t/ xfn;Dd
To:tf] k|of; g} eO/x]sf] 5}g .
If]q pNn]v u/]/ l5d]sL;Fu lajfb
a9fpg] sfd ePsf] eGg] s'/fx¿
5g\ . g]kfnn] )&& h]7 ;ftut] pQm
If]qnfO{ ;d]6/] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] gofF
gSzfnfO{ g]kfnsf] ;+;b\n];d]t
tTsfn} cg'df]bg klg u/]sf] lyof] .
g] k fnsf] gofF gSzfdf
lnlDkofw' / fdflyaf6 aUg] sfnL
gbLk"js { f u'~hL, gfeL, s'6Lnufotsf
e"–efu ;d]l6Psf] 5/ . g]kfnn] ;g\
!*!^ sf] ;'uf}nL ;lGwsf cfwf/df
dxfsfnL gbLsf] k"jL{ efudf kg]{
lnlDkofw' / f, sfnfkfgL /
lnk'n]s;lxt ;a} If]q g]kfnsf] e"–
efu /x]sf] bfaL ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .
ef/tn] g]kfnsf] sfnfkfgL If]q;d]t
;d]l6Psf] gSzf ;fj{hlgs u/]kl5
g]kfnn] To;k|lt cfklQ hgfpFb}
tTsfn} ef/t;Fu jftf{sf] k|:tfj u/]sf]
lyof] . t/ ef/tn] pQm gSzf
;fj{hlgs ug'{ cl3g} lnk'ns ] If]qdf
;8s lgdf{0f u/]/ pb\3f6g ;d]t
ul/;s]sf] s'/f cfPkl5 lajfb yk
k]lrnf] ag]sf] lyof] . g]kfnn] To;kl5
klg af/Daf/ tTsfn jftf{sf] k|:tfj
u/] s f] / Tof] ;Dej gePkl5
cfˆgf]tkm{af6 klg gSzf ;fj{hlgs
/ kfl/t u/]sf] lyof] . g]kfnn] cfkm\gf]
gSzfdf k/]sf] ;f] If]q pkof]u ug{
;ls/x]sf] 5}geg] ef/tn] pkof]u
ul//x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . lajflbt
If]qdf a;]sf :yfgLonfO{ ef/tn]
gful/stf, /f;g sf8{ / cfwf/ sf8{
k| b fg u/] s f] 5eg] ToxfF s f
:yfgLoaf6 ;lbcf}+b]lv s/ ;+sng
u/]sf b:tfj]hx¿ klg cBfjlws
u/]sf] 5 . u'~hLdf ef/tn] &% s/f]8
ef?sf] nfutdf Pp6f lzj s}nfz
wfd agfpFb}5 . To;sf] lzNofGof;
;fj{hlgs :yfgdf
w"d|kfg u/]df sfg'gL
sf/jfxLdf kl/G5 .
er{ ' c n dfWodaf6 ut s] x L
dlxgfcl3dfq ef/tsf k|wfgdGqL
g/]Gb| df]bLn] ug{e' Psf] lyof] . To;}u/L
u'~hLsf] dlgnfeGg] 7fpFdf ef/tsf]
pt/fv08 ;/sf/sf] :jf:Yo ljefun]
tLg s/f]8 *( nfv ef?sf] nfutdf
Pp6f k|fOd/L x]Ny s]o/ ;]G6/ lgdf{0f
ul//x]sf] 5 . To;sf] lgdf{0f sfo{
tLa| ultdf cufl8 a9fOPsf] 5 .
Tof] hldgdf ef/t ;/sf/n] lzj
s}nfz wfd lgdf{0f ul//x]sf] dfq
5} g , h;nfO{ pgLx¿n] kfF r f} +
wfdsf?kdf k|rf/ klg ul//x]sf
5g\ . h;sfaf/]df g]kfnsf] /fli6«o
;efsf] ut r} t @@ ut] s f]
k|wfgdGqLsf];d]t pkl:ylt /x]sf]
;fj{hlgs gLlt tyf k|Tofof]lht
ljwfog ;ldltsf] a}7sdf k|Zg p7]sf]
lyof] . t/ ;/sf/n] To;af/] s'gk} lg
k|ltlqmof lbPg . @)!* ;fndf
g]kfnL clwsf/Lx¿n] ;f] If]qdf
hgu0fgf u/]sf] eg]klg ToxfF g]kfnL
gful/sg} g/x]sf] atfpg] ul/Psf]
5 . @)#@ ;fnd} g]kfnn] lnlDkofw'/f
afx]ssf] gSzf agfPsf] kfOPsf] 5 .
@)$% ;fndf g]kfnsf] gfkL
;j]I{ f0f 6f]nL lnlDkofw'/f If]qdf hfg
vf]h]sf] lyof] . t/ ef/tn] cfklQ
hgfPkl5 To; If]qsf] e"–efu gfKg
uPsf] ;f] 6f]nL l/Qf] xft kmls{Psf]
lyof] . To;kl5 ef/tn] aiff}{ nufP/
lnk'ns ] x'bF } rLg hf]8g\ ] ;8s agfP
klg g]kfn a]va/ /xFb} cfPsf] lyof] .
@)&^ df g] k fnn] ef/t;F u
k| w fgdGqL, k//fi6« d GqL /
k//fi6«;lrj:t/ h'g txdf ePklg
cf}krfl/s / cgf}krfl/s jftf{sf]
dfu ubf{ ef/tn] j]jf:tf u/]sf] lyof] .
ef/tn] sfnfkfgL If]q;d]t ;d]6]/
gSzf ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] rf/ lbgkl5g}
g] k fnsf] ;/sf/n] ef/t;dIf
cf}krfl/s?kd} cfklQ hgfPsf]
lyof] . To;kl5 ;j{bnLo a}7s
cfof]hgf x'Fbf ;a} bnn] ;/sf/nfO{
;fy /xg] k|lta4tf hgfPsf lyP .
ef/tnfO{ s"6gLlts …gf]6Ú klg
a'emfOPsf] lyof] . To; ;dodf g]kfnn]
ef/t;dIf jftf{sf nflu tLgj6f
ldlt k| : tfj u/] s f] d f Tof] klg
u' l h| P kl5 cfkm\ g f] gofF gSzf
;fj{ h lgs u/] s f] b] l vPsf] 5 .
Tolta]nf a;]sf] k|ltlglw;efsf] /fHo
Joj:yf tyf ;'zf;g ;ldltsf]
a}7sn] klg ;Ldf lajfbaf/] ;ft
a'Fb] lgb]{zg lbPsf] kfOPsf] 5 .
h;df ;ldltn] ef/tLo gSzfdf
g]kfnL e"ld cltqmd0faf/] ;/sf/n]
lnlDkofw'/faf6 aUg] sfnLgbLsf]
k" j { s f] sfnfkfgL lnk' n ] s /
lnlDkofw'/f;Ddsf] e"–efu g]kfns}
xf] / dxfsfnL gbLsf] d' x fg
lnlDkofw'/fg} xf]eGg] :ki6 tyf b[9
c8fg /fv]sf]df g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{
wGojfb lbOPsf] lyof] . To;}u/L pQm
e"–efu g]kfns} xf]eGg] ef}uf]lns /
P]ltxfl;s tYox¿nfO{ :jLsf/ ub}{
;f] If]qdf g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d clwsf/
sfod ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] tTsfn
pRr:t/Lo /fhg}lts Pj+ s'6g}lts
kxn ug{k' g]{ cfjZostf cf}NF ofOPsf]
lyof] . To;}u/L pQm a}7sn] g]kfnsf]
z}lIfs ;fdu|Lx¿df k|of]u ePsf]
g]kfnL gSzfdf ;'wf/u/L kf7\oqmd
lgdf{0f ug{ klg lgb]z { g lbPsf] lyof] .
;f] a}7sn] sfnfkfgLnufotsf cGo
;Ldf If]qdf g]kfnn] klg ;Ldf ;'/Iff
an /fVg'kg]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] lyof] . h;df
;Ldf ;'/Iff ansf] :yfoL Aof/]s
v8fu/L ;Ldfsf] :yfoL ;'/Iffsf]
Joj:yfsf;fy} ;Ldf lgodg ug]{
elgPsf] lyof] . To;}u/L ;ldltn]
;+ o ' Q m /fi6« ; + 3 sf] a8fkq /
k~rzLnsf] l;4fGtk| l t k| l ta4
ePsf /fi6« g]kfn / ef/t b'j}n] tL
l;4fGtx¿sf] cIf/;M kfng ug{
k|lta4 /xg'kg]{ eg]sf] lyof] . ;ldltn]
g]kfn / ltAat Jofkf/sf nflu
bfr{ ' n fsf] vn+ u fb] l v l6+ s /
e~Hofª;Ddsf] ;8s lgdf{0fsf nflu
tTsfn} ah] 6 ljlgof] h g u/L
b| ' t ultdf sfd ;DkGg ug{ ' k g] {
cfjZostf klg cf}FNofPsf] lyof] .
;f] ;ldltn] cfˆgf] ;ftf}+ a'Fbfdf
g]kfn–ef/t k|a4' ;d"xn] tof/ kf/]sf]
k|ltj]bg ;DalGwt kIfnfO{ tTsfn
a'emfpg' kg]{ / pQm k|ltj]bg cfd
hg;d' b foaLr ;fj{ h lgs u/L
sfof{Gjog ug{ klg lgb]z { g lbPsf]
lyof] . To;kl5 g]kfndf tLghgf
k|wfgdGqL kl/jt{g ePklg pQm
lgb]z { gdWo] s'gs
} f] klg kfngf ePg–
eO/x]sf] 5}g .
a? r'Rr] gSzf /fv]/ k|sflzt
ug{ nfluPsf kf7\ok':tsx¿ /2
ul/Psf 5g\ . @)&@ sf] h]7df
g]kfn–ltAataLr k|d'v Jofkfl/s
gfsfsf?kdf /x]sf] pQm lnk'n]ssf
af/]df ef/tLo k|wfgdGqL g/]Gb| df]bL
/ lrlgofF /fi6«klt ;L lhglkªaLr
a] O lhªdf Ps ;dembf/Lkqdf
x:tfIf/ ePsf] lyof] . g]kfn;Fusf]
;xdltlagf g} ul/Psf] ;f] ;Demf}tfsf]
Pp6f a'bF fdf b'jk} If Jofkf/j:t'sf]
;"rL a9fpg jftf{ ug{ / gfy'nf,
Rofª\nf–lnk'n]s gfsf / l;lKsnfdf
;Ldf Jofkf/ a9fpg klg /fhL eP
elgPsf] lyof] . Tolta]nf klg g]kfnn]
k|ltjfb u/]sf] lyof] . ef/tn] g]kfnsf]
la/f]wsf] s'g} jf:tf u/]geg] rLgn]
s'g} q'6L ePsf] eP lqkIfLo jftf{af6
;Rofpg ;lsg] eg]sf] lyof] . t/
g]kfnsf To;kl5sf ;/sf/x¿n] ;f]
lajfbsfaf/]df rLgnfO{ ;d]t s'g}
kqfrf/ u/]gg\ .
;g\ !*!^ df ePsf] ;'uf}nL
;lGwkl5 ePsf la| l 6z OlG8of
;/sf/sf gSzfx¿df;d] t
lnlDkofw'/f, lnk'n]s / sfnfkfgL
nufotsf If]q g]kfns} ePsf] pNn]v
5 . pQm ;lGwdf g]kfnsf] klZrdL
;Ldf sfnL gbL eg]/ tf]lsPsf] 5 .
t/ Tolta]nf pQm gbLsf] d'xfgaf/]
pNn]v gul/Psfn] xfn ;d:of
cfPsf] xf] . ;g\ !*^) eGbf cl3sf
;Dk"0f{ gSzfx¿df lnlDkofw'/faf6
lgl:sPsf] sfnLeg] / n] l vPsf]
kfOG5 . cd]l/sf / la|6]gsf s]xL
k' : tsfnodf cBflk lt k' / fgf
gSzfx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . ltgnfO{ cfwf/
dfg]/ g]kfnn] cGt/f{li6«o cbfntdf
hfg;Sg] xf]eg] pQm If]qx¿ g]kfns}
/x]sf] k|dfl0ft x'G5 . t/ xfn;Dd
To:tf] k|of; g} eO/x]sf] 5}g .
pQm lajflbt If]qdf g]kfnsf
k|wfgdGqL t s] bfr'n { fdf k|dv
' lhNnf
clwsf/L / k| x /L k| d ' v ;d] t
k' U gkfPsf 5} g g\ eg] ef/tLo
k|wfgdGqL g/]Gb| df]bLn] ut ebf}df
;f] If] q sf] e| d 0f ug' { s f ;fy}
kfj{tLs'08df k"hf ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
To;qmddf pxfFn] u'~hLsf :yfgLo
afl;Gbfx¿;Fu cGt/lqmof ;d]t
ug'{ePsf] lyof] . pxfFn] :yfgLo
pTkfbgx¿sf] k|bz{gL cjnf]sg
u/]sf ;dfrf/x¿ aflx/ cfPsf
lyP . df]bLn] pQm If]qdf ljsf; /
k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fsf nflu $@ ca{
ef/tLo ?k}ofFsf] ah]6sf];d]t 3f]if0ff
ug'{ePsf] lyof] . h;af6 ;f] If]qdf
xfn :jf:Yo rf}sL nufotsf ef}lts
;+/rgfx¿ lgdf{0f e}/x]sf 5g\ . t/
g]kfnn] Tof] ef}lts ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0f
/f]sfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . df]bLn] Tolta]nf
u' ~ hLdf ltAat;F u sf] ;Ldfdf
vl6Psf ef/tLo ;}lgsx¿ / ;Ldfdf
;8s lgdf{0fdf ;+nUg lgsfosf
clwsf/Lx¿;Fu klg cGt/lqmof
u/]sf lel8cf]x¿ pQ/fv08 /fHosf
d'VodGqL k'is/ l;+x wfdLn] ;fdflhs
;~hfn PS;df /fVg'ePsf] lyof] .
To;kl5dfq g] k fnsf zf;s /
clwsf/Lx¿n] yfxfkfPsf lyP .
ef/tn] xfn;Dd klg lkyf}/fu9 x'Fb}
lnk' n ] s / ToxfF a f6 ltAatsf]
dfg;/f]j/ hfg] ;8ssf] lj:tf/
ul//x]sf] 5 . clwsf+z ef/tLox¿
;f]xL af6f]xbF' } ltAatsf] dfg;/f]j/
u}/x]sf 5g\ . ef/tLo /IffdGqL /fhgfy
l;+xn] @)&& a}zfv @^ ut] bfr{n ' f–
lnk'ns ] ;8ssf] pb\3f6g ubf{ klg
g]kfnn] vf;} la/f]w ug{ ;s]sf] lyPg .
@)&& d} g]kfn–ef/t ;Ldf;DaGwL
k|df0f ;+sng ug{ g]kfnsf] ;/sf/n]
u7g u/]sf] lj1 ;d"xn] k|ltj]bg
a'emfO;s] klg To;sf] s'g} sfof{Gjog
ePsf] 5}g . h;df gbL;Fu ;DalGwt,
gfk–gSzf;DaGwL, P]ltxfl;s b:tfj]h,
sfg" g ;F u ;DalGwt, k| f s[ l ts
>f]t;DaGwL k|df0fx¿ ;d]l6Psf 5g\ .
o:tf] cj:yfdf r'Rr] gSzfn] ;d]6s ] f
e"–efusf] pkef]u gu/L To;nfO{ g]kfnL
gf]6df /fVg] lg0f{o ug'x{ g' ] lyPg .
;/sf/sf] kl5Nnf] lg0f{on] g]kfnL
gf]6nfO{ lajfbdf kfg]{ sfd u/]sf]
5 . of] ;'Gbf ;fdfGo t/ vf;df w]/}
u+le/ ljifo xf] .
g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ cfzf / e/f];fsf] s]Gb|
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf]
:yfoL ;ldlt ;b:o Pjd\ u08sL k|bz
OGrfh{ lzn' ;Ln] g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{
]
b]z / hgtfsf] cfzf / e/f];fsf] s]Gb|
ePsf] atfPsL 5g\ . ;f] kf6L{sf] u08sL
k|b]zsf] klxnf] a}7snfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{
pgn] ;f] s'/f atfPsL x'g\
OGrfh{ lzn' ;Ln] kl5Nnf] ljsl;t
kl/l:ylt;Fu} kf6L{sf] sfFwdf dxTjk"0f{
lhDd] j f/L cfOk' u ] s f] / b] z eQm
hgtfx¿, /fi6« e Qm sDo' l gi6x¿
g]skfk|lt cfzf / e/f];f u/]sf] atfpFb}
of] lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug]{ eGg]af/] uDeL/
aGg h?/L /x]sf] atfOg\ .
u08sL k|bz ] sf] klxnf] a}7sn] kf6L{n]
sf:sLsf] km]jftfnsf] hUuf cltqmd0fsf]
ljjfb, cGgk'0f{ ;+/If0f If]qsf] ;d:of,
sflnu08sL gbLdf e} / x] s f] cj} w
pTvgg, hnljw't lgdf{0fsf ;Gbe{df
b]lvPsf] clgoldttf, gjnk'/sf] xf]ª; \ L
l;d]G6n] hgtfnfO{ kf/]sf] c;/, ;'sD' af;L
hgtfsf] ;d:ofsf]af/] lj:t[t cWoog
u/L To;af/] ;‹if{ cufl8 a9fpg] lg0f{o
u/]sf] 5 . To:t} Pd;L;L ;DaGwL ;+3if{,
nfu" c f} i fw lgoGq0f, ;xsf/Lsf
kLl8tx¿sf ;d:of, n3'ljQ;DaGwL
;d:of, ld6/JofhL nufot hgtf;Fu
hf]l8Psf ;d:ofx¿nfO{ p7fg ug]{ lg0f{o
klg a}7sn] u/]sf] 5 . k|b]zn] kf6L{
;+ u 7gnfO{ lhNnf, kflnsfb] l v
j8f:t/;Dd lj:tf/ ug]{, ljleGGg
hgjuL{o ;Ë7g lj:tf/ ug],{ g]kfnL
ljz]iftfsf] ;dfhjfbaf/] kflnsf:t/;Dd
cGt/lqmof cfof]hgf ug],{ k|To]s lhNnfn]
cfˆgf] cg'sn ' tfdf pTkfbg ;'? ug]{ ;d]t
lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .
OGrfh{ g]tf lzn' ;L n] a}7sn] lg0f{o
lbg s6fpg] xf]Og, lbg abNg] sDo'lgi6 aGg' k5{’
‘lbg
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf
:yfoL ;ldlt ;b:o tyf ;'b"/klZrd
k|b]z OGrfh{ e/t ;Ln] lbg s6fpg]
sDo'lgi6 geO{ lbg abNg] sDo'lgi6
aGg' kg]{ atfPsf 5g\ . g]kfn sDo'lgi6
kf6L{ ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zsf] wgu9Ldf
;f]daf/ cfof]hgf ul/Psf] ;'b"/klZrd
k|b]z :t/Lo k|lzIf0f sfo{qmDdf af]Nb}
pgn] o:tf] atfPsf x'g\ . lbg sf6\g]
sDo' l gi6sf] cfjZostf gePsf]
atfpFb} pgn] lbg abNg] sDo'lgi6
eP/ b]z / hgtfsf] ;]jfdf nfUg g]tf
sfo{ s tf{ x ¿nfO{ lgb] { z g u/] .
;' b " / klZrd k| b ] z :t/Lo k| l zIf0f
sfo{ q mddf ;xefuL lhNnf
;b:ox¿nfO{ lgb]z { g ub}{ pgn] kf6L{sf
g]tf sfo{stf{x¿n] b]z / hgtfsf
;d:of s;/L ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsG5
eGg] ljifodf lhDd]jf/ aGg' kg]{ atfP .
pgn] g]tf sfo{stf{x¿n] ;Ifd dfq
geO{ ;Ifd cu|b:tfsf ?kdf ljsf;
ug{ hgtfsf ;/f]sf/sf ljifodf s]lGb|t
x'g' kg]{ atfP . hgtfn] cfzf e/f];f
u/]sf] kf6L{ g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ /
ljZjf; ug]{ g]tf ljKnj ePsf] atfpFb}
pgn] hgtfsf] cfzf, e/f] ; f /
ljZjf;nfO{ sfod /fVg hgtf;Fu g]tf
sfo{stf{x¿ hf]l8g' kg]{ atfP . hgtfsf]
alnbfgaf6 k|fKt pknAwLx¿sf] /Iff
ug{'sf ;fy} ldq zlQm, ldq ju{ /
ldq ;d'bfo;Fu ;xsfo{ ub}{ cufl8
a9\g h?/L ePsf] atfpFb} pgn] g]kfnL
ljz]iftfsf] ;dfhjfb k|flKtsf nfuL
pgLx¿nfO{ Pstfsf] em08fd' g L
uf] n aGb ub} { n} h fg' kg] { atfP .
lgjf{ r gnfO{ PsLs[ t hgqmflGtsf]
df]rf{sf] ?kdf lng'kg]{ atfpFb} pgn]
hgtfsf aLrdf /x]/ hgtfsf sfd
ub}{ pgLx¿sf ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg vf]Hb}
cufl8 a9\g' kg]{ atfP . k'FhLjfbsf]
Wj+; / ;dfhjfbsf] ljsf; g} dfS;{jfb
ePsf] atfpFb} pgn] g]kfndf bnfn
k"h
F Ljfb c;kmn ePsf] atfP . /fhtGq
cfˆg} ana'tfdf cfpg g;s]klg ljb]zL
zlQm s]Gb|x¿sf] ;xof]udf kms{g ;Sg]
vt/f /x]sf] atfpFb} pgn] ;a}n] ;dod}
;r]t x'g' kg]{ atfP . :yfoL ;ldlt
;b:o tyf ;'b"/klZrd k|b]z OGrfh{
e/t ;Ln] g]kfndf ;dfhjfb Nofpg
;dfhjfbLx¿n] Psh'6 x'g' kg]{ atfP .
…bnfn k"hF LjfbL Joj:yfn] ;d:of
;dfwfg ug{ g;s]sfn] gofF ljsNkdf hfg'
k5{ eGg] ;f]rsf] ljsf; ePsf] 5, ;a}
;dfhjfbL ePsf 5g\, To;}n] ;dfhjfb
dfGg] ;a} Ps x'g' k5{Ú pgn] eg] .
lgjf{rgsf] k|;+udf af]Nb} pgn]
lhTgsf] ;lx ljrf/ / g]t[Tj cfjZos
3
u/]sf of]hgfx¿ s8fOk"js
sfod ug{ ;a}nfO{ lgb]z
{ sfof{Gjog
ug{ / kf6L{nfO{ hgtfdf hf]8b\ } prfO{
{ g lbOg\ .
g]skf k|bz
] ;+/rgfdf uO;s]sk] l5
a;]sf] k|yd a}7sn] ljleGg lhDd]jf/L
klg 6'ª\ofPsf] 5 . lhDd]jf/L adf]lhd
sf:sL lhNnfdf OGrfh{df cf:yf ;L
;]qm]6/Ldf pd]z ;L, DofbL lhNnf
OGrfh{df /fhg ;L ;]qm]6/Ldf clj/n
;L, afUn'ª lhNnf OGrfh{df cfhfb
;L ;]qm]6/Ldf k|l;4 ;L, :ofªhf lhNnf
OGrfh{df pef/ ;L ;]qm]6/Ldf ;fu/
;L, kj{t lhNnf OGrfh{df ;'lznf ;L,
;]qm]6/Ldf ls/0fL ;L, d':tfªdf OGrfh{
cfsfz ;L ;]qm]6/L k|sfz ;L, tgx'Fdf
lgzfg ;L OGrfh{ /xg]5g\ eg] ljnf;
;L ;]qm]6/L /xg]5g\ . To:t} uf]vf{ lhNnf
OGrfh{df slkn ;L, ;]qm]6/Ldf sfhL
;L, gjnk"/df h'emf? ;L ;]qm]6/L ;'dg
;L, ndh' ª ;] q m] 6 /Ldf /jLGb| ;L,
dgfªdf ljho ;L / To:t} k|b]z
sfof{nodf ljls/0f ;L /xg] / k|sfzg
tyf k|rf/ ljefudf lzj ;L /xg]
lg0f{o a}7sn] u/]sf] 5 .
To:t} klxnf] k|bz ] a}7sn] :s'lnª
ljefu, Gofo ljefu, cfly{s ljefu, pTkfbg
ljefu, df]rf{, /fhfgLlts e]63f6 nufotsf
ljefux? ;d]t u7g u/]sf] 5 .
@ lbg rn]sf] a}7sn] kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo
sfo{ q md / cfufdL of] h gfx?af/]
uDeL/ ;dLIff u/]sf] lyof] .
x'g] / Tof] g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{;Fu
ePsf] atfP .
…xfdLnfO{ dGqL ;f+ ; b s] x L
rflxPsf] 5}g ;dfhjfb rflxPsf] 5 .
To;} n ] xfdL ;dfhjfbsf nfuL
lgjf{rgdf hfb}5f}FÚ, pgn] eg] . pgn]
pTkfbg qmflGt hf/L /x]sf] atfpFb}
:ofp, cf]v/sf af]6 /f]k]sf], wfg, ux'F,
t/sf/L v]tL u/]sf], afv|f kfng u/]sf]
hfgsf/L u/fpFb} ;a}n] ;/n hLjg /
s8f d]xgt ug{'sf ;fy} pTkfbg;Fu
clgjfo{ hf]l8g' kg]{ atfP .
To;}u/L sfo{qmdsf cWoIf tyf
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf kf]ln6Ao'/f]
;b:o ljsNk ;Ln] Ps w|"jLo ljZj
ax' w | " j Lo ePsf] atfpF b }
;fd| f HojfbLx¿sf] s/ª eflrPsf]
atfP . ljZjdf bfbflu/L ub}{ cfPsf]
cd]l/sfsf] s/ª eflrPsf] 5, ca 9f8
eflrg] cj:yf cfPsf] 5, of] qmflGtsf]
pknAwL xf] pgn] eg] . /l;of
o'qm]g;Fu geO{ cd]l/sf;Fu nl8/x]sf]
atfpFb} pgn] cd]l/sfsf] 9f8 efFlrg]
atfP . g]kfndf ;dfhjfbn] ue{wf/0f
ul/;s] s f] atfpF b } pgn] Ps lbg
cjZo ;dfhjfb hlGdg] atfP .
;dfhjfb k|flKtsf nflu ;a} g]tf
sfo{stf{x¿n] pTkfbg;Fu hf]l8P/
cfTdlge{/ kf6L{ / sfo{stf{ agfpg
nfUg' kg]{ atfP . g]kfn sDo'lg:6
kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf c5fd
lhNnf OGrfh{ ldgf ;Ln] sfo{qmddf
;xefuL ;a}nfO{ :jfut ub}{ r'gfjnfO{
o' 4 sf ?kdf lng' kg] { atfpF b }
qmflGtsf/Lx¿ ;a} 7fpFdf lkm6 x'g'
kg]{ atfOg\ . qmflGtsf/L zlQmx¿
Psh'6 x'g'kg]{ atfpFb} pgn] lht]/ klg
xf/]sf] hgo'4af6 kf7 l;Sb} cfˆgf
sf/0fn] xfg{ gx'g] atfOg\ . pgn]
ljrf/sf] ljsf; u/]sf] kf6L{ g]kfn
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf g]tf sfo{stf{x¿ c?
eGbf km/s x'g'kg]{ atfOg\ .
To;}u/L g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf
s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf sfo{qmdsf ;~rfns
;d/ ;Ln] kf6L{nfO{ cfGtl/s ?kdf
;' b [ 9 agfcf} F , ;dfhjfbsf nflu
km/flsnf] df]rf{ lgdf{0f u/f}F lzif{ssf]
b:tfj]h jfrg u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf
s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox¿ eut ;L, k|sfz ;L,
P08Lh ;L nufotsf g] t fx¿sf]
pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . – lw/h k|kfnf
 4 @)*! ;fn j}zfv #) ut] cfOtaf/
;dfh ;]jf / wd{sf] gfddf 7Ug]x¿sf] ;DklQ 5fglag u/f}+
snfsf/nfO{ /fi6« s f] uxgf
elgG5 . snfsf/ Tof] uxgf xf], h;n]
;du| /fi6«nfO{ ljZj;fd' lrgfpg
;S5 . ;dfh kl/jt{gdf 7"nf] e"ldsf
lgjf{x ug{ ;S5 . cfd ;j{;fwf/0fdf
hgr]tgf km}nfpg ;S5 . To;}n],
;/sf/n] klg snfsf/nfO{ b]zsf]
uxgfsf] bhf{ lbPsf] 5 .
t/, kl5Nnf] ;do xfd|f] b]zdf
snfsf/x¿n] ;dfhdf ;r] t gf
km}nfpg'sf] ;f6f] ljs[lt, a]lylt
lgDtfO/x]sf 5g\ . snfsfl/tfsf]
gfddf x]g{ g;lsg] j ;dfhn] krfpg}
g;Sg] ultljlw snfsf/x¿n]
ul//x]sf] kfOG5 . o;/L snfsf/x¿
b]z / hgtfsf] nflu ;r]tgfsf]
dfWod geO{ pN6} ljs[lt, lj;+ultsf]
Pp6f dfWod aGb} uPsf 5g\ .
cfˆgf] rnlrq, uLt, lel8of]
rnfpgs} nflu pT>[v+n ultljlw
ug],{ 5f]6f sk8f nufpg] jf clZnn
zAbx¿ af]Ng] k|j[lQ clxn] a9\b}
uPsf] 5 . d'vdf h] cfof], ToxL uLt
ufpg] clg lgd{tfnfO{ h] dg nfUof],
To:t} lkmNd agfpg] ul/Psf] 5 .
csf]t{ km{, /fHosf] P]g, sfg"g klg
gdfGg] clg ;dfh / hgtfsf] klg
Vofn ub}{gg\, snfsf/, lgdf{tf,
lgb]{zsx¿ .
/fHon] gb]vs
] f] / hgtfn] ef]us
] f]
kL8f snfdfkm{t\ aflx/ Nofpg' g}
snfsfl/tf xf] . t/, s]xL jif{otf
o:tf] 5}g . clxn] Eo'hsf] nflu uLt,
lkmNd agfOG5 . clg hlt Eo'h
a9\of], Tolt g} 5f8f ultljlw pgLx¿
u5{g\ . otf, h:tf];'s} lj1fkg klg
snfsf/x¿ u5{g\ . k};fsf] nflu 7u,
rf]/, bnfn ;+3;+:yfsf] ;d]t lj1fkg
v]lnlbG5g\ .
o;/L g} kl5Nnf jif{df sltko
g]skf pbok'/n] Pd;L;L / e|i6frf/ lj?4 cfGbf]ng rsf{pg] ‘b]znfO{ lhtfpg] nIo ePkl5 x/]s df]rf{df lhTg ;lsG5’
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{
pbok'/n] Pd;L;L / e|i6frf/lj?4
cfGbf]ng rsf{pg] ePsf] 5 . ;f] kf6L{sf]
xfn} ;DkGg k|yd k'0f{ a}7sn] ;f] lg0f{o
u/]sf] xf] 5 . g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ k|bz
] ;+u7g ;'b9[ / ;+u7g lj:tf/ ug]{
;+/rgfdf uO;s]kl5 pbok'/ lhNnfsf]
;b/d'sfd ufO{3f6df g]skfsf s]Gb|Lo
k|ltlglw ;ldlt ;b:o tyf pbok'/ lhNnf
;]qm]6/L b'uf{ ;Lsf] cWoIftfdf ljleGg
lg0f{o ub}{ a}7s ;DkGg ePsf] xf] .
pQm a}7ssf k|dv ' cltly kf6L{sf
s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf pbok'/ lhNnf
snfsf/dfly of}g b'Jo{jxf/sf] cf/f]k
nfUof] t sltko anfTsf/sf] cf/f]kdf
h]n};d]t uP . 7uLnufot ljleGg
cf/f]k nfu]sf snfsf/x¿ klg y'k|}
5g\ clxn] . ;dfh ;]jfsf] gfddf
klg w]/} snfsf/n] 7u]sf 5g\ .
lqms]6 /+uznf agfpg] eGb} w'd; ' –{
;'GtnL kmfp08];gn] ;j{;fwf/0faf6
caf]{ /sd p7fP/ e|i6frf/ u¥of] .
;dfh ;]jfs} gfddf cleg]qL
:j] t f v8\ s fn] dfemL a:tL g}
hf]lvddf kfl/lbPsL 5g\ . o:t},
OGb|0] fLsf ;~rfns s[i0f sF8n ] n] klg
ljkGg, cfly{s cj:yf sdhf]/ ePsf
JolQmnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ eGb} b]z–
ljb]zaf6 k};f p7fPsf 5g\ . pgn]
s]xL /sd ;xof]u u/]/ ;a} e|i6frf/
u/]sf] atfOG5 . sF8]nn] clxn];Dd
slt k};f p7fP < /, slt ;xof]u
u/] < eg]/ s;}nfO{ yfxf 5}g .
To;}n], ca ;/sf/n] pgsf]
;DklQ klg 5fglag ug'{k5{ . clxn]
oLgLx¿nfO{ k};f ;xof]u ug]{ JolQmx¿
cGof]ndf 5g\ . clw+sfzn] ul/a,
ljkGgsf nflu eg] / cfk" m n]
vfO{ g vfO{ , ljb] z df b' M v u/] /
sdfPsf], afnaRrfsf] k]6 ef]sf] /fv]/
jf Ho] i 7 gful/s eQf ;d] t
oLgLx¿nfO{ ;xof]u u/] .
t/, Tof] k};f oLgLx¿n] ;fFlRrs}
ul/a, b'MvLnfO{ ;xof]u u/] ls
e|i6frf/ u/] < eg]/ hfGg kfpg]
clwsf/ t ;xof]u ug]{ JolQmx¿sf]
klg t xf] lg . ;/sf/L sd{rf/Ln]
Ps xhf/ ?k}ofF 3'; vfPsf]df pmdfly
e| i 6frf/ d' 2 f nfU5 . /, h] n
hfg'k5{ . /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfdfly
klg e| i 6frf/sf] cf/f] k nfu] d f
5fglag x'G5 .
5fglagsf qmddf pgLx¿n]
OGrfh{ z}n]z ;Ln] Pd;L;Lb]lv
e|i6frf/sf lj?4 cfGbf]ng ug]{,
hg;/f]sf/sf ljifodf sfd ug]{,
hgtfsf] 3/b}nf]df uP/ e]63f6 tyf
lg0f{o u/]sf] hfgsf/L u/fP . To;}u/L
a}7sn] ;'sD' af;L ;d:of, ld6/AofhL
kLl8t / n3'ljQ kLl8tsf ;d:ofnfO{
lnP/ gu/kflnsf j8f;Dd ;+3if{ ug]{
lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . c;f/ !) ut];Dd
;a} lhNnfe/L cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd
ug]{ hgtfsf] x/]s ;d:ofdf kf6L{
;fFlRrs} e|i6frf/ u/]sf] xf] eg] d'2f
bfo/ ul/G5 . oBlk, snfsf/dfly
t 5fglag g} ub}{g, ;/sf/ . ;dfh
;]jf ug]{ eGb} vaf}{ k};f p7fPsf
5g\, snfsf/x¿n] . t/, ;/sf/
pgLx¿sf] ;DklQ 5fglag ub}{g .
?iff yfkf
oLgLx¿n] ul/a hgtf / b]zsf] gfd
a]r]/ cFs't ;DklQ hf]8]sf 5g\ .
csf]t{ km{, oLgLx¿ lj?4 af]Ng klg
sf]xL ;Sb}g .
w'd;
{' –;'GtnL, :j]tf v8\sf / s[i0f
sF 8 ] n sf] caf} { s f] ;DklQ /x] s f]
atfOG5 . oBlk, of] ;DklQ oLgLx¿n]
cfkmGt, ;fyLefO{sf] gfddf /fv]sf]
;'lgG5 . ca clVtof/ / z'4Ls/0f
ljefun] oLgLx¿sf] ;DklQ vf]Hg] ls
gvf]Hg] < ;dfh ;]jfsf] gfddf
hgtf;Fu k};f p7fP/ e|i6frf/ ug]{
snfsf/x¿nfO{ /fHon] 5f]85 \ ls tL
;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ Gofo lbG5 < of] t
ef]lnsf lbgdf yfxf xf]nf .
w'd; ' –{ ;'GtnL kmp08];g lqms]6
/+uznf agfpgaf6 klG5;s]sf] 5 .
clxn] ;/sf/ cfkm}+ Tof] /+uznf
agfpg nflu/x]sf] 5 . t/, /.+uznf
agfpg] gfddf w' d ' { ; –;' G tnLn]
b[9tfsf ;fy pleP/ hgtfsf] ;]jf
ug]{, ld6/Aofh kLl8t / n3'ljQ
kLl8tx¿sf] Gofosf kIfdf cfjfh
p7fpg] / lhNnfn] kf6L{sf] gLlt
cg';f/ pTkfbgnfO{ lhNnfdf hf]8
lbP/ @ la3fx hldgdf tTsfn wfg
/f]Kg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .
;f] x L cj;/df qmflGtsf/L
dfcf]jfbLsf] lhNnf sld6L ;b:o
/d]z s6'jfn / 6+s yfdLnfO{ lhNnf
OGrfh{ z}n]zn] cla/ vfbf nufP/
kf6L{df :jfut u/]sf lyP .
;j{;fwf/0faf6 p7fPsf] s/f]8f}+ /sd
sxfF uof] < ca ;/sf/n] o;af/]
vf]htnf; ug}{k5{ . s[i0f sF8]nn]
ul/a / b]zsf] gfddf a]r]/ caf}{
k};f p7fPsf 5g\ .
t/, slt ul/a, ljkGgnfO{ pgn]
;xof]u u/] < sltnfO{ ul/aLaf6 d'Qm
u/] < o;sf] ljj/0f pgL ;fj{hlgs
ug{ ;S5g\ < ul/asf] cj:yf clxn]
klg pxL 5 . c:ktfndf cfh klg
la/fdLx¿ pkrf/ vr{ ltg{ g;Sbf
aGws a:g'kl//x]sf] 5 . pkrf/ vr{
ltg{ g;Sbf clxn] klg ;j{;fwf/ 0fn]
csfnd} Hofg u'dfpg' kl//x]sf] 5 .
clg sF8]nn] b]z–ljb]zaf6 p7fPsf]
/sdn] slt b'MvL, ul/aLsf] hLjg
hf]ufP < pgn] xfn;Dd ;xof]usf
gfddf caf} { e Gbf a9L /sd
p7fO;s]sf 5g\ . olt k};fn] t b]z
g} ul/j d'Qm x'G5 .
t/, lsg clxn] klg af6f]df
ul/j hgtf b]lvG5g\ . ;–;fgf
afnaflnsfx¿ vfg gkfP/
dflu/x]sf] b]lvG5 . c:ktfnsf]
a]8df pkrf/ vr{ gx'Fbf la/fdL /
ltgsf cfkmGtx¿ 56k6fO /x]sf]
b]lvG5 . lsg clxn] klg pkrf/
vr{ ltg{ g;Sbf c:ktfnn] zj
glbPkl5 cfkmGtx¿ 3/3/df
;xof]u dfUg cfO/x]sf] e]l6G5g\ <
olb pgn] ;fFlRrs} vf]hL vf]hL
ul/a, ljkGgnfO{ ;xof]u u/]sf] eP
lsg cfh klg d'n'sdf ul/a hgtf
e]l6G5g\ < pgn] s]xLnfO{ ;xof]u
u/]sf]h:tf] b]vfP/ caf}{ e|i6frf/
u/]sf 5g\ . t/, o;af/] hgtf /
;/sf/ a]va/ 5 . sF8]nn] cfˆgf]
;ft k' : tfnfO{ k' U g] ;DklQ
hf]l8;s]sf] atfOG5 . o;/L ;dfh
;]jfsf] gfddf ;j{;fwf/0faf6 k};f
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf
s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf emfkf OGrfh{
;'dgl;+x ;Ln] nIok|lt :ki6 / b[9
ePkl5 kf6L{n] kl/rfng ug]{ x/]s
df]rf{df lhTg ;lsg] atfPsf 5g\ .
kf6L{sf] rf}yf] k"0f{ a}7sdf lhNnf
;ldlt ;b:ox¿nfO{ lhNnfsf] of]hgf
;Dk|]if0f ub}{ pgn] b]z, hgtf /
qmflGtnfO{ lhtfpg] nIo lnPsf] kf6L{
h'gs'g} df]rf{df ljhoL eP/ cufl8
a9\g] ljZjf; JoQm u/] .
a}7s kl5sf] kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf
klg pgn] eg]– æxfdL lhTg] ul/
nfUb}5f},+ of] b]zsf] lhDdf xfdLn] lng]
xf] .Æ klZrdf ;fd|fHojfbL zlQmsf]
p7fP/ 7Ug kfOG5 <
ca ;/sf/n] oLgLx¿sf] ;DklQ
5fglag ug}k{ 5{ . ca klg oLgLx¿sf]
;DklQ 5fglag gug]{ xf] eg] oLgLx¿
o:tf ;of}+ 7usf] ljsf; x'g5 ] . clg
dflg;x¿ d]xg] t u/]/eGbf klg 7u]/
g} sdfpF5g\ . ;dfh ;]jfsf] vf]n
cf]9]/ b]z / hgtfnfO{ e|ddf kf/L
7uL ug]x{ ¿sf] ca kbf{kmf; x'gk} 5{ .
;j{;fwf/0f slt ;Lwf x'G5g\ eGg]
Pp6f pbfx/0f g} k]z ubf{ k'U5 .
lnl6n a'4sf] gfdn] rlr{t wdu'?
/fdaxfb'/ aDhgdfly hgtfn] cfFvf
lrDn]/ ljZjf; u/] . kl5 pgL ljleGg
sf08df d'l5P . pgLdfly ljleGg
cf/f] k nfUof] . s] x L dlxgfcl3
;LcfO{aLn] aDhgnfO{ kqmfp u¥of] .
Tof] klg pgs} 3/af6 .
pgL kqmfp k/] k l5 3/df
vf] h tnf; ul/of] . ;f] qmddf
;LcfO{aLn] em08} rf/ s/f]8 /sd
pgsf] 3/af6 a/fdb u¥of] .
aDhgsf] 3/ klg cflnzfg lyof] .
To:t} , eQmk' / sf] ;" o { l jgfos
gu/kflnsf–%, l;h{ g fgu/df
dftfsf] gfddf n'6tGq dlRrPsf]
5 . dftfsf] gfddf ;Lwf;fwLnfO{
7luPsf] 5 .
dftfsf] 3/ /f]kgLdf algPsf] 5 .
3/ klg cflnzfg jf b/af/h:t} 5 .
oL dftfsf] klg ;of}+ 7fpFdf 3/hUuf
/x]sf] / c+st' ;DklQ /x]sf] atfOG5 .
oLgn] klg ;a} ;DklQ csf]s { f] gfddf
/fv]sf] atfOG5 . tLg bzscl3 s]xL
ePsL oL dftf cfh vaf}s { f] ;DklQsf]
dflns ag]sL 5g\ . dftfsf] gfddf
hgtf 7u]/ vaf}{ sdfPsf] km]l/ /fHon]
b]v]sf] 5}g . o:tf wd{sf] gfddf
;j{;fwf/0f 7Ug] w]/} 5g\ . oL t
k|ltlglw kfq dfq} x'g\ .
rf} t kmL{ 3] / faGbL sDo' l g:6 /
b]zeQmx¿ dfyL e}/x]sf] 5 . xfdLn]
;a} df]rf{af6 b]z / hgtf lj?4 x'g]
if8\oGqnfO{ k/f:t kfg]{ ul/ n8\b5 } f}+ .
ca of] b]znfO{ ;dfhjfbdf n}hfg]
xf] . To;sf] lglDt ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg,
hgdt;+u|x, hg;+3if{ ;a} ljlw
cjnDag ub}5 { f}+ . To;sf] lglDt x/]s
If]qdf ax;, cGt/s[of, hgkl/rfng,
w|j' Ls/0f, Pstf, hg;]jf, ;xsfo{ /
;+3if{ ;a} If]qnfO{ ld;g ;dfhjfbtkm{
n}hfg] u/L nfUg] atfP .
To;f] ubf{ub}{ )*$ sf] r'gfj
cfOxfn] d f r' g fjdf klg n8\ g ]
;'dgl;+xn] atfP . df]rf{aGbLsf]
s'g} 7ux¿ ;dfh ;]jL ag]sf
5g\ t s'g} u'? / dftf . oLgLx¿n]
hgtfb]lv /fHo / ;~rf/sdL{nfO{
;d]t cWofF/f]df /fv]sf 5g\ . b]zdf
;+ljwfg 5, P]g, sfg"g 5 . t/,
;dfh ;]jf jf wd{sf] gfddf 7Ug]
o:tf 7ux¿dfly g ;+ljwfg nfu"
ePsf] 5 g t P]g, sfg"g g} .
;/sf/ oLgLx¿sf] cufl8 lg/Lx
ag]sf] 5 . clg ;f]emf;femL hgtf
7lug] qmd hf/L 5 .
b]z ljsf; ug]{ sfd ;/sf/sf]
xf] . ;/sf/ gnfuL g b]z ljsf;
x'G5 g b]zaf6 ul/aL x6\5 . of]
;/sf/sf] bfloTj klg xf] . la8Djgf,
;/sf/df a;]sf JolQmx¿n] o;df
rf;f] glbFbf cfh hgtf 7luPsf
5g\ . ;/sf/n] s]xL u/]g, xfdL u5f}+
eg]/ ;Lldt JolQm tyf ;+3;+:yfn]
;j{;fwf/0f n'l6/x]sf 5g\ .
csf]{tkm{, dfu]/ klg b]z ljsf;
x'G5 < b]zaf6 ul/aL x6\5 < dfu]/
g b]z ljsf; x'G5 g b]zaf6 ul/aL
g} x6\5 . To;}n], ca ;j{;fwf/0f
klg e| d df kg' { x ' G g . o:tf
7ux¿nfO{ s] x L klg ;xof] u
ug' { x ' G g . ;/sf/n] klg ca
oLgLx¿sf] ;DklQ 5fglag ug}k{ 5{ .
;dfh ;]jf / wd{sf] gfddf 7Ug]
JolQmx¿nfO{ sfg" g sf] bfo/fdf
Nofpg}k5{ .
;/sf/ klg rnfvf] x'g'k5{ .
sxfF s;n] s;/L 7lu/x]sf] 5 <
eg] / ;/sf/n] a' ‰ g' k 5{ .
;~rf/sdL{x¿n] klg o:tf s'/f
aflx/ Nofpg'k5{ . /, ;j{;fwf/0f
klg ;r]t /xg'k5{ . lsgls 7ux¿
ljleGg kf]n];L NofP/ 7lu/x]sf
x'G5g\ .
;Defjgf eP df]rf{ aGbL xf]Og eg]
;dfhjfb :yfkgfsf] lglDt r'gfjdf
;xefuL x'g] ;'dg l;+xn] atfP . )*$
;Dds} vfsf atfpFb} pgn] r'gfjdf
klg cfk"mx¿s} lht x'g] atfP . ca
b]zsf] g]tT[ j ug]{ cj;/ ljKnjn] kfpg'
kg]{ pgsf] egfO lyof] . ;a}sf] x]l/of]
b]lvof], b]z ;+s6df k/]sf] of] ;do b]zsf]
;'/Iff / hgtfsf] ;'vsf] lglDt cfˆgf]
kf6L{n] g]tT[ j ug]{ atfP . xfdL ljzfn
df]rf{aGbLsf] k|oTg klg ub}5{ f}+ pgn]] eg],
…b]z ljleGg cfZro{hgs 36gf
kl/36gfsf] aLraf6 cufl8 al9/x]sf]
5 .Ú cfufdL g]kfnsf] g]tT[ j lng kf6L{
tof/ /x]sf] pgsf] egfO lyof] .
 @)*! ;fn j}zfv #) ut] cfOtaf/
g]kfnsf] jflif{s hg;+Vof j[l4 )=(@ k|ltzt
sf7df8f} F . /fli6« o tYof+ s
sfof{nosf cg';f/ g]kfndf jflif{s
?kdf )=(@ sf] b/n] hg;+Vof j[l4
eO/x]sf] 5 . /fli6«o tYof+s sfof{no,
hg;+Vof zfvfsf lgb]z { s 9'l08/fh
nfld5fg]n] hg;+Vof ;fIf/tf k':ts
tyf hg;f+lVos ;"rsx¿ ;fj{hlgs
ub}{ ;f] tYof+s k|:t't u/]sf x'g\ .
pgsf cg';f/ g]kfndf @ s/f]8 (!–
(@ nfvsf] xf/fxf/Ldf hg;+Vof 5 .
hg;+Vofsf] jflif{s j[l4b/ Ps k|ltzt
eGbf klg tn /x]sf] 5 . of] g]kfnsf]
*) jif{sf] Oltxf;d} ;a}eGbf sd xf] .
@)^* ;fn / @)&* ;fnsf] cjlwdf
sl/j @& nfvsf] j[l4 ePsf] lyof] .
pQm tYof+s cg';f/ g]kfndf ^)
k|ltzt Psn kl/jf/ /x]sf] 5 . b'O{
k':tf -cfdfa'af / 5f]/f5f]/L_ dfq}
/xg] Psn kl/jf/ elgG5 . Tof]
afx]ssf] kl/jf/ ;+o'Qm kl/jf/ xf] .
kl/jf/sf] ;+/rgfn] klg x/]s s'/fx¿
cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ;+/rgfx¿df
;sf/fTds jf gsf/fTds k|efj
kfb{5 . g]kfndf clxn] ^) k|ltzt
Psn kl/jf/ /x] s f 5g\ . $)
k|ltzt ;+o'Qm kl/jf/df a;f]jf;
@% 7"nf sDkgLnfO{ s/ ltg{ !% lbg] clN6d]6d ljZj a}s+ åf/f g]kfnnfO{ !) ca{ ^( s/f]8 ?k}of“ C0f
sf7df8f} F . 7" n f s/bftf
sfof{non] @% sDkgLnfO{ cfos/ /
d"No clej[l4 s/ a'emfpg tfs]tf
u/]sf] 5 . ;f]daf/ ;"rgf hf/L ub}{
tL sDkgLx¿nfO{ !% lbgleq s/
ga' e mfP sf/afxL cl3 a9fpg]
r]tfjgL lbPsf] xf] . lghLb]lv ;/sf/L
sDkgL;d]t ;"rLdf 5g\ . !@ j6f
sDkgLn] cfos/ / !* j6fn] d"No
clej[l4 s/ a'emfPsf 5}gg\ . dh{/df
uPsf s]xL sDkgL cl:tTjd} 5}gg\
eg] s]xL aGb eO;s]sf 5g\ .
aSof}tf bflvnf ug{ ljleGg
ldltdf s/ ;+sng e|d0f, cg'/f]w,
kqfrf/, kmf]g ;Dks{ u/L hfgsf/L
u/fOPsf], sltko s/bftfnfO{ kmf]g
;Dks{ ubf{ ;Dks{ x'g g;s]sf], kmd{sf]
7] u fgfdf kqfrf/ ubf{ x' n fs
sfof{noaf6 s/bftf kQf gnfuL kq
a'emfpg g;s]sfn] lkmtf{ cfPsf] /
xfn;Dd klg aSof}tf /sd bflvnf
gePsf] jf sd bflvnf ePsfn] ;"rgf
lgsfn]sf] sfof{non] hgfPsf] 5 .
ub{ 5 g\ . dw] ; k| b ] z df ;+ o ' Q m
kl/jf/sf] cjwf/0ff a9L 5 .
jfudtLdf Psn kl/jf/ a9L 5 eg]
;+oQ
' m kl/jf/ a;f]jf; ug]{ k|bz ] df
jfudtL clGtddf k5{ .
o;}u/L, ;f] pQm tYof+s cg';f/
Ps jif{df g]kfndf lzz'x¿sf] sf]/f
hGdb/ !$=@ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
Ps jif{df lzz'x¿sf] sf]/f hGdb/
x]bf{ g]kfndf !$=@ k|ltzt -xhf/df
!$ hgf_ hGdzt{ hGd ePsf]
b]lvG5 . hlGdg] lx;fjsf] qmddf
;a}eGbf sd u08sL k|b]zdf 5 .
u08sL k|b]zdf jflif{s hg;+Vof
j[l4b/ )=@% k|ltzt dfq} 5 . o;sf]
k|efj sf]/f hGdb/df klg k/]sf]
b]lvG5 . k|ltxhf/df !! hgf dfq}
hGd ePsf] b]lvG5 . of] ;a}eGbf
a9L s0ff{nL k|bz ] df !*=^ cyf{t
Ps xhf/df !* b]lv !( hgf hGd
ePsf] b]lvG5 . sf]/f hGdb/ 36\bf]
qmddf 5 . @)@* ;fnb]lv @)&*
;fn;Ddsf] cjlwdf b|t' ultdf sf]/f
hGdb/ 36\bf] 5 . )^* df @@=$
lyof] eg] * hgfsf] b/n] of] cjlwdf
36]sf] 5 .
;dodf s/ bflvnf gug]d{ f s[lif
;fdu|L sDkgL lnld6]8, pbok'/
l;d]G6 pBf]u, dfp06 Pe/]i6 a|c
' /L
k|fln, k]g OlG8of OGk|mf k|fh] S] 6;\,
lxdfn cfO/g P08 l:6n k|fln,
z'e>L cUgL l;d]G6 pBf]u k|fln,
hoGtL lgdf{0f ;]jf, u08sL ljsf;
a}s
+ lnld6]8, ;'d?] art tyf C0f
;xsf/L ;+:yfnfO{ sfof{non] s/ ltg{
tfs]tf u/]sf] xf] .
o:t} , gle{ s OG6/g] z gn
xl:k6n P08 d] l 8sn sn] h ,
c/lgsf] cfFa'v}/]gL l;d]G6 O08li6«h
k|fln, hgs lzIff ;fdfu|L s]Gb|, ;LO{
sG:6« S ;g k| f ln, 6fOu;{ a| " c /L
O08li6«h k|fln, ;'la;' s]ang]6,
Oi6g{ Ph] G ;Lh k| f ln, ;' g fd
OGk|mf:6«Sr/ lgdf{0f k|fln, szd;
l;d]G6 O08li6«h k|fln 5g\ .
To;}u/L, atf; a|bz{ k|fln,
dxfnIdL jfo/ P08 s]an O08li6«h
k|fln, ljzfn l;d]G6 O08li6«h k|fln,
u|Lg lxn l;6L, cof]sL l;Daf]n
o;}u/L, ;f] pQm tYof+s cg';f/
;a}eGbf a9L 5f]/L hGdfpg] s0ff{nL
k|bz
] /x]sf] 5. Pp6f -!%—$(_ jif{sf
dlxnfx¿n] cfˆgf] k|hgg pd]/df
hGdfpg] hDdfhDdL 5f]/Lx¿sf] ;+Vof
! hgf dlxnfn] g]kfndf KjfOG6 &#
5f]/Lx¿ hGdfpF5g\ . ;a}eGbf a9L
5f]/L hGdfpg] 7fpF s0ff{nL k|bz
] xf] .
s0ff{ n Ldf ;o hgfdf &( hgf
dlxnfx¿n] 5f] / Lx¿ hGdfPsf]
b]lvG5 . ;a}eGbf sd 5f]/Lx¿sf]
hGd jfudtL k|b]zdf ePsf] 5 .
5f]/Lx¿sf] ;+Vof hlt 36\5 hGdb/
b|'t ultdf 36\b} hfg] vt/f x'G5 .
;f]xL cg';f/ g]kfndf klg vt/f
b] l vPsf] lgb] { z s nfld5fg] n ]
atfpg'eof] . k|ltxhf/ dlxnfx¿df
@@@ hgf aRrfx¿ jfudtL k|bz ] df
hlGdg] u/]sf 5g\ eg] dw]; k|bz ] df
;a}eGbf a9L xhf/ hgf dlxnfdf
$)! hgf hlGdg] u/]sf 5g\ .
o;}u/L, ;f] pQm tYof+s cg';f/
Pp6L dlxnfn] cfˆgf] hLjgsfndf
!=($ hgf aRrf hGdfpF5g\ . !%
b]lv $( jif{sf pd]/sf dlxnfx¿n]
cf}iftdf aRrf hGdfpg] cf}ift pd]/
O/]S6;{ g]kfn k|fln, lzj lzv/ Pu|f]
k|fln, slG6g]G6n 6«l] 8ª OG6/k|fOh]h
k|flnnfO{ 7"nf s/bftf sfof{non] s/
ltg{ cfpg kqfrf/ u/]sf] 5 .
s/ a'emfpg tfs]tf ul/Psf]
dWo] u08sL ljsf; a}+s b'O{ jif{cl3
g} tTsfnLg d]uf a}+sdf dh{ ePsf]
lyof] . kl5 d] u f klg g] k fn
OGe]i6d]G6;Fu ufleO;s]sf] 5 .
;/sf/L sDkgL pbok' / l;d] G 6
pBf]u nuftf/ 3f6fdf 5 eg] ;'d]?
;xsf/L artstf{sf] lgIf]k ckrng
u/]sf] eGb} ;d:ofu|:t 5 .
tf] l sPsf] cjlwleq aSof} t f
s/ /sd bflvnf jf bflvnf
ul/;s]sf] k|df0f k]; x'g gcfPdf
cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf !)$
b]lv !!! ;Dd Pjd\ d"=c= s/ P]g,
@)%@ sf] bkmf @! -!_ tyf
lgodfjnL, @)%# sf] lgod %@ /
%# df pNn] l vt ;a} jf s' g }
sf/afxL u/L aSof}tf c;'npk/
ul/g] r]tfjgL lbPsf] 5 .
s0ff{nL k|b]zdf sl/j sl/j @& jif{
-@^=(_ /x]sf] 5 . To:t} jfudtL
k|b]zdf @*=$ 5 . pd]/ hlt 36\b}
uof], Tolt g} aRrf hGdfpg] b/
36\b} hfG5 . clxn]sf] k|hgg b/
Pp6f dlxnfn] !% b]lv $( jif{sf
dlxnfn] ;/b/ p;sf] hLjgsfndf
slt hgf aRrf hGdfpF5g\ eg]/ x]bf{
!=($ hgf aRrf hGdfPsf] b]lvG5 .
;/b/ Pp6f dlxnfn] @=! -!) hgf
dlxnfn] @! j6f aRrf_ hGdfof] eg]
l/Kn];d]06 n]endf hfG5 . g]kfndf
l/Kn];d]06 n]en eGbf b/ tn uPsf]
5 . k|hgg b/ clxn] @ eGbf klg
tn uPsf] cj:yf 5 . /fHon] o;
ljifonfO{ ;dodf g} ;Daf]wg ug{k' g]{
lgb]{zs nfld5fg]n] atfP .
o;}u/L, ;f] pQm tYof+s cg';f/
sf]/f d[To'b/ ;a}eGbf a9L u08sL
k|bz] df, ;a}eGbf sd s0ff{nLdf /x]sf]
5 . k|lt Ps xhf/df slt JolQmx¿sf]
Ps jif{df d[To' x]bf{ ;a}eGbf a9L
d[To' x'g] u08sL k|bz ] df *=@% -
xhf/df ( hgf_, sf]zL / jfudtL
k|bz ] df /x]sf 5g\ . ;a}eGbf sd
s0ff{nL k|bz ] df 5 . s0ff{nL k|bz ] df
sf]/f d[To'b/ Ps xhf/ hgfdf $=((
/x]sf] 5 . dw]; k|bz ] df d[To'b/ sd
ePsf] b]lvG5 . @)^* df Ps xhf/df
&=# hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] eg] clxn]
cfpFbf ^=* k|ltztsf] d[To' ePsf]
5 . @)#* df !#=% hgfsf] d[To' x'g]
ub{Yof] . n'lDagL k|bz
] df xhf/df &=&
hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] blvG5 eg] ;a}eGbf
sd s0ff{nL k|bz ] df b]lvG5 ^=$@
/x]sf] 5 . ! xhf/ nfOkm ay{df slt
hgf aRrfx¿sf] d[To' eof] eg]/ x]g{]
xf] eg] Ps jif{ gk'Ub} d[To' ePsfx¿sf]
;+Vof ;a}eGbf a9L dw]; k|bz ] df
b]lvG5 . ToxfF Ps xhf/df @! hgf
d[To' ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;a}eGbf sd
u08sL k|bz ] / jfudtL k|bz ] df 5 .
hLljt hGddf Ps jif{ glaTb} ! xhf/
sf7df8f}F . ljZj a}s
+ n] g]kfnsf
nflu yk * s/f]8 -!) ca{ ^(
s/f] 8 ?k} o fF _ cd] l /sL 8n/
a/fa/sf] ljsf; gLlt C0f :jLs[lt
u/]sf] 5 . ljZj a}+ssf] sfo{sf/L
lgb]{zs af]8{n] g]kfnnfO{ ljQLo
If]qsf] :yfloTj ;'b[9 ug{, ljQLo
;dfwfgx¿ ljljwLs/0f ug{ /
ljQLo ;]jfx¿df kx'Fr a9fpg *)
ldlnog 8n/ -sl/a !) ca{ ^*
s/f]8 ?k}ofF_ sf] ljsf; gLlt C0f
:jLs[t u/]sf] xf] .
ljZja}+sn] t];|f] kmfOgfG; km/
u|f]y 8]enkd]G6 kf‘ln;L qm]l86n]
lghL If] q sf] g] t [ T jdf ePsf]
j[l4nfO{ ;dy{g ug{ ljQLo If]qsf]
sfo{ k | 0 ffnLdf ;' w f/ ug] { nIo
/fv] s f] 5 . o; sfo{ q mdsf]
;~rfngn] g]kfnsf] a}+lsª / aLdf
If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0fnfO{ ;'b[9 kfg]{ /
k"FhL, aLdf / ljkb\ hf]lvd ahf/df
hgfdf !@ hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] b]lvG5 .
k'?if / dlxnfdf afnaflnsfsf]
lx;fjdf x]bf{ -5f]/f / 5f]/L_ df x]bf{
5f]/Lsf] d[To'b/ sd b]lvG5 . 5f]/fsf]
a9L 5 . dw]; k|bz ] df Ps xhf/
hgfdf !* hgf 5f]/Lx¿ dbf{ @#
hgf 5f]/fx¿sf] d[To' ePsf] 5 . u08sL
k|bz] df !@ hgf 5f]/fx¿sf] d[To' x'bF f
!! hgf 5f]/Lsf] d[To' ePsf] b]lvG5 .
5f]/fx¿sf] d[To'b/ ;a} pd]/ ;d"xdf
a9L 5 .
o;}u/L, ;f] pQm tYof+s cg';f/
lzz' d[To'b/df ;'wf/ ePsf] 5 .
@)#* sf] hgu0fgfb]lv @)&*
;fn;Ddsf] 6«]g x]g]{ xf] eg] of]
d[To'b/df ;'wf/ ePsf] 5 . @)^*
df Ps xhf/ hgf lzz'x¿dWo]df
hlGdPsf lzz'x¿df $) hgf d/]sf]
b]lvG5 . clxn] !& df k'us ] f] cj:yf
5 . lzz' d[To'b/df ;'wf/ ePsf] 5 .
! b]lv % jif{ d'lgsf k|ltxhf/
afnaflnsfdf Ps jif{df d[To' x'g]
afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof u08sLdf sd
Psb]lv % jif{ d'lgsf k|ltxhf/
afnaflnsfdf s'g} Ps jif{df d[To'
x'g] afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof u08sL
k|b]zdf ;a}eGbf sd 5 . ;a}eGbf
a9L d[To' ePsf] n'lDagL, ;'b/" klZrd
k|b]zdf ;a}eGbf a9L 5 . dw];
k|b]zdf klg a9L /x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .
g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df k|ltxhf/ ^=!
hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 . of] pd]/;d"xdf
k|bz
] df 5f]/L / 5f]/fdf eg] s]xL km/s
/x]sf] 5 . 5f]/Lx¿sf] d[To' sf]xL
k|b]zdf a9L b]lvPsf] 5 . jfudtL
k|bz ] df a9L 5 eg] ;'b/" kLZrd /
dw]; k|bz ] df 5f]/fx¿sf] d[To' a9L
b]lvG5 .
o;}u/L, ;f] pQm tYof+s cg';f/
g]kfnLsf] cf};t cfo' &!=# jif{ /x]sf]
5 . clxn] g]kfnsf] s'n cf};t cfo'
&!=# jif{ k'u]sf] 5 . k'?ifsf] ^*=@
/x]sf] 5 eg] dlxnfsf] &#=* jif{
ljQLo pTkfbgsf] cfljisf/nfO{
a9fjf lbg] ljZja}+sn] atfPsf]
5 . o; cleofgn] dlxnf
pBdLx¿nfO{ s]lGb|t ub}{
l8lh6nfOh] ; g, kl/is[ t C0f
k" j f{ w f/ / ;' w fl/Psf] ljQLo
;fIf/tfdfkm{t\ ljQLo
;dfj]zLs/0fdf klg j[l4 ug]{5 .
g]kfn, >Ln+sf / dflNbE;sf
nflu ljZj a}+ssf b]z lgb]{zs
kmfl/; xbfb–h]ef]{;n] eg]– …o;
kl/of]hgfn] g]kfnsf] xl/t, nlrnf]
/ ;dfj]zL ljsf;nfO{ ;dy{g ub{5
/ g]kfnsf] cfly{s j[l4df of]ubfg
k'¥ofpg lghL nufgLsf nflu ;Ifd
jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug{ d2t ug]{5,
ljz] i f u/L ul/a / hf] l vddf
k/]sfx¿nfO{ kmfObf k'¥ofpg] 5 .Ú
o; sfo{qmdn] hnjfo' ;DaGwL
hf] l vdx¿ / a} + l sª If] q sf]
kf]6{kmf]lnof]sf] k|efjx¿sf] v'nf;f
5
/x]sf] 5 . k'?if / dlxnfsf] d[To'sf]
Uofk a9\b} uPsf] 5 . Uofk sl/j
sl/j % jif{n] km/s 5 . ;a}eGbf
a9L s0ff{nL k|b]zdf &@=% jif{
dflg;x¿ afFRb5g\ . ;a}eGbf sd
^(=% jif{ n'lDagL k|bz ] df /x]sf] 5 .
bf] ; | f ] d f sf] z L k| b ] z df &)=$,
;'b/" klZrddf &!=#, dw]; k|bz ] df
&!=*, u08sL k| b ] z df &@=!,
jfudtL k|b]zdf &@=$ /x]sf] 5 .
s0ff{ n L k| b ] z df k' ? ifsf] eGbf
dlxnfsf] cf};t cfo' ;a}eGbf a9L
5 . h;df &%=% /x]sf] 5 . ;a}eGbf
sd dlxnfx¿sf] cf};t cfo' n'lDagL
k|b]zdf &@=% jif{ /x]sf] 5 . x/]s
pd]/ ;d"xdf k'?ifsf] d[To' dlxnfsf]
eGbf l56f] x'g] u/]sf] tYof+sn]
b]vfPsf] 5 . @)#* ;fndf eg]
k'?ifsf] cf};t cfo' g]kfndf a9L
/x]sf] lyof] .
o;}u/L, ;f] pQm tYof+s cg';f/
u08sL k|bz ] df cfGtl/s a;fO{+ ;g]x{ ¿
;a}eGbf a9L /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . u08sL
k|bz] df k|ltnfvdf $ xhf/ @& hgf
a;fO{+ ;/]sf 5g\ . of] kfFr jif{sf] tYof+s
xf] . jfudtL k|bz ] df sl/j ! nfvdf
%$ hgf a;fO{+ ;/]sf] tYof+sn] b]vfPsf]
5 . s0ff{nL k|bz ] df k|ltnfv #& ;o
5g\ eg] t];f| ] :yfgdf sf]zL k|b]z
/x]sf] 5 .
o;}u/L, ;f] pQm tYof+s cg';f/
ut % jif{df jfXo a;fO{ + ;g] {
g]kfnLx¿ k|lt Ps nfvdf #& ;o
%@ hgf /x]sf 5g\ . % jif{sf]
cjlwdf Ps nfvdf #& ;o %@
hgf jfXo a;fO{+ ;/fO ePsf 5g\ .
k|fb]lzs ?kdf x]bf{ ;a}eGbf a9L
;'b"/klZrddf Ps nfvdf & xhf/
#%( hgf a;fO{+ ;/]sf 5g\ . bf];|f]
:yfgdf u08sL k|b]z /x]sf] 5 .
n'lDagL / s0ff{nL qmdzM t];|f] /
rf}yf] :yfgdf 5g\ . ;a}eGbf sd
cGt/f{li6«o a;fO{+;/fO ePsfx¿sf]
k|b]z dw]; k|b]z /x]sf] 5 .
u/L hnjfo' hf]lvdx¿sf]
ko{j]If0fnfO{ a9fP/ hnjfo' hf]lvd
;lxt aLdf pTkfbgx¿sf] nflu
hf] l vd–;" r gf d" N o lgwf{ / 0f
kl/ro, xl/of] aG8 hf/L ug{ sf]
nfuL Ps ¿k/]vf :yfkgf / qm]l86
Uof/] G 6L pTkfbgx¿df hnjfo'
;DaGwL Go"gLs/0f ug{ ;xof]u k'Ug]
ljZja}+sn] hgfPsf] 5 .
…o; ck/];gn] lghL If]qsf]
g] t [ T jdf j[ l 4nfO{ k| j 4{ g ug{
;/sf/sf] ¿kfGt/0fsf/L ljQLo
If] q ;' w f/ Ph] G 8fnfO{ ;dy{ g
ub{ 5 . a} + l sª, aLdf / k" F h L
ahf/df ePsf ;'wf/x¿ o; If]qsf]
nlrnf]kg / lghL k'FhL
kl/rfngnfO{ ;Ifd agfpg o;n]
dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsfsf v]Ng] 5 .Ú, o;
kl/of]hgfsf nflu ljZj a}+ssf]
sfo{ 6f] n L k| d ' v tflT;ofgf
lSnofT:sf]efn] atfOg\ .
 6 @)*! ;fn j}zfv #) ut] cfOtaf/
af]S;Lsf] 3/ M Ps dgf]j1} flgs rnlrq
rnlrqsf] s'/f ubf{ lxGbL l;g]df
h;/L g]kfnL l;g]dfn] cem} klg
g]kfnL ;dfhdf 7fpF lng ;s]sf] 5}g .
ljutdf y' k | } rnlrqx¿ cfP
sltkon] Psbd} /fd|f] 5fk kfg{
;kmn eof} h'g bzs laTbf klg
dfG5]x¿ s'/f ul//fV5g\ . k'/fgf
rnlrqsf uLtx¿ / 8fonux¿
cem} klg xfd|f d'vdf e'mlG8Psf 5g\ .
rnlrq eGg]lalQs} ls t xF;fpF5
ls t ?jfpF5 ls t dgf]/~hgsf
nflu dfq klg x'G5g\ . h] eg]klg
o;n] ;dfh / To;leqsf kfqx¿
j:t'd} cfwfl/t x'G5g\ . slnx'8 eg]/
lrlgg] g]kfnL rnlrq k|fo alnx'8
;Fu bfFlhg] ul/G5 .
ev{/} d}n] s]ls clwsf/Lsf]
af]S;Lsf] 3/ eGg] rnlrq x]/]sf]
lyPF . o; rnlrqdf kfqx¿n]
clego xf]Og ;fFlRrs} s'g} Pp6f
36gf eO/x]sf] 5 / ToxfF Sofd]/f
dfkm{t\ s}b ul/Psf] h:tf] efg eof] .
of egf}F kfqx¿sf] clego lgs} g}
k|fs[lts 5 . o; rnlrqdfkm{t\
g]kfnL ;dfhsf] tLtf] oyfy{ b]vfOPsf]
5 . syfdf @)%) ;fnsf] k[i7e"ld
ePklg cem} klg ;do ;fGble{s 5 .
Pp6L ;fdfGo caf]w aflnsf s;/L
b'nxL x'G5g\ / ljw'jf eO;s]kl5
s;/L af]S;L eg]/ pkgfd lbOG5
eGg] ofqfsf] JofVof ul/Psf] 5 .
syfdf Pp6L aflnsf h;sf] gfd
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E-mail : chhepyastra@gmail.com
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janakhabar@gmail.com
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ljefuaf6 vfgL kQfnufpg cfPsf]
atfpF y ] . t/ & jif{ b ] l v
ljZjljBfnosf] zf]wkq tof/ ug{
cfPsf] atfpg yfn] . To;f] eGg]
Pp6f 6f]nLn] tLgeËfn] e"d]Zj/
k|fylds ljBfnob]lv pQ/ vf]nfdf
l8«No:n u/]/ df6f] lnP/ uof] . pQm
6f]nLn] ;Dks{df cfPsf ufpFn]nfO{
k};f klg lbof] . ! lsnf] df6f] nUg]
6f]nLn] ufpFn]nfO{ !% xhf/ lbPkl5
df6f]df s] 5 eGg] v'Nb'nL / rrf{
eof] . :d/0fLo 5 ls k};f lt/]/ df6f]
nluPsf] ;f]xL :yfgdf @)$& ;fndf
vfgL tyf e"–ue{ ljefun] klxnf]
k6s o'/l] god vfgL /x]sf] tYo kQf
nufPsf] lyof] .
o' / ] l god vfgL ePsf] k' l i6
vfgL tyf e" – ue{ ljefun]
sfnf]kfgL vf]nf cf;kf;df sl/a !%
xhf/ 6g o'/]lgodsf] vfgL e08f/
/x]sf] / To;nfO{ k|zf]wg ubf{ em08}
#% 6g z'4 o'/l] god lg:sg] k|f/lDes
cg'dfg u/]sf] 5 . !) u|fd z'4
o' / ] l god -o' / ] l god–@#%_sf]
cGt/f{li6«o ahf/ d"No sl/a !*
s/f]8 ?k}ofF -@) nfv ( xhf/
cd]l/sL 8n/_ 5 . To; cfwf/df !
lsnf]u|fd o'/]lgodsf] ahf/ d"No
sl/a !* ca{ -@) s/f]8 ( nfv
cd]l/sL 8n/_ x'G5 . of] ;'geGbf
$ xhf/ % ;o u'0ff dxËf] wft' xf] .
o' / ] l godsf] e08f/dfly hgtf
vfgL ljefusf] cGj]if0f cg';f/
lzjflns If]qdf kg]{ a'sf vf]nf
l;Gw'nL rfFb] vf]nf, lr?jf vf]nf /
sfnf] vf]nf, tLgeËfn], dsjfgk'/ /
lrtjgsf db/;f vf]nf / kfFkf vf]nf
j/k/ o'/]lgod vfgLsf] ;Defjgf
5 . /]l8of]wdL{ ljls/0f dfkg oGqåf/f
;f] wft' eP–gePsf] / s] slt
kl/df0fdf 5 eGg] cWoog ul/G5 .
dsjfgk'/ lhNnf, as}ofF -;fljs
lwofn–#_df kg]{ tLgeËfn] / ToxL+
eP/ aUg] sfnf]kfgL vf]nf cf;kf;df
;a}eGbf w]/} /]l8of]wdL{ ljls/0f
pTkGg ePsf] 5 . @)$& ;fndf
vfgL ljefun] …ufdf–/] :k]S6«f]:sf]kL
ld6/Úsf] ;xfotfn] tLgeËfn]df
u/]sf] k/LIf0fdf @& xhf/ $)% s'n
ljls/0f uGtL k|lt;]s]08 (CPS)
b]lvPsf] lyof] . ;fdfGotM hldgsf]
cGo efudf k|lt;]s0] 8 !))–!%)
;LkLP; ljls/0f k|efj /xG5 .
o:tf :yfgdf o'/l] god, yf]l/od
/ km:kmf]/; x'g ;S5 . vfgL ljefusf]
cGj] i f0fn] ! xhf/ # ;o *
;LkLP;;Dd o'/]lgodsf] ljls/0f
/x]sf] tYo kQf nufPsf] lyof] .
cGt/f{li6«o k/df0f' pmhf{ ;+:yf
(IAEA) sf cg';f/ & ;o ;LkLP;
ljls/0f ePdf pTvgg ug{ ;lsG5 .
vfgL ljefun] @)$& kl5 df6f]sf]
/f;folgs k/LIf0f (Chemical
Analysis) ug{ hd{ g Lsf]
k|of]uzfnfdf k7fPsf] lyof] . To;af6
;f] If]qdf k|lt6g df6f]df @%%
u|fd;Dd o'/l] god e]l6g;Sg] ;Defjgf
pNn]v u/]sf] lyof] .
@)$& ;fnsf] vfgL ljefusf]
cGj]if0f cg';f/ tLgeËfn] If]qdf %!@
ld6/sf] nDafO / !–% ld6/ df]6fOdf
o'/]lgodsf] e08f/0f /x]sf] cGj]if0f
k|ltj]bg lyof] . sfnf]vf]nfaf6 g} df6f]
nUg ef/tLo / klZrdL cg'xf/sf
ckl/lrt JolQmx¿ hfg] u/]sf 5g\ .
/x:odo xs{ t
x] 6 f} + 8 f–5lQjg–tLgeËfn]
;fj{hlgs oftfoftsf] ;'ljwf x'bF fx'bF }
ljb]zLx¿ k"j–{ klZrd nf]sdfu{df kg]{
af/f, lghu9 ahf/af6 pQ/
nfnas}of vf]nfsf] lsgf/}–lsgf/ r'/]
x'bF } hËn, vf]nf, r'/] kxf8sf] Psnf;
a]rlNtsf] k}bn ofqf x'Fb} tLgeËfn]
k'U5g\ . 5lQjg ahf/df k|x/L rf}sL
kg]{ ePsf]n] pQm rf]/af6f] k|of]u
ePsf] x'g;S5 . vfgL ljefu ;|ft] sf
cg';f/ ;f] If]qdf cfh;Dd $ k6s
cGj]if0f ePsf] 5 .
dsjfgk'/sf] r'/] kj{taf6 /f}tx6
hf]l8g] rfFb] vf]nf, af/f x'Fb} blIf0f
emg]{ wG;f/ vf]nf / 5lQjg vf]nfaf6
jif]{gL ;of}+ 6«s lgdf{0f ;fdu|L ef/t
lgsf;L x'G5 . sltko 6«sn] 8fa/
sDkgLsf] nflu nu]sf] atfpg] u/]sf
5g\ . t/ Tof] ;fdu|L …d'DaO{sf]
cf0fljs k|zf]wg s]Gb|df k'¥ofOG5
eGg] cfzÍf Pp6f sf]0faf6 x'bF } cfPsf]
5 . cf0fljs ;dfh g]kfnsf cWoIf
k|fWofks sdns[i0f >]i7n] Ps
;fKtflxs;Fu s'/f ub}{ @)&) h]7df
To:tf] cfzÍf u/]sf lyP . g]skfsf
:yfoL ;ldlt ;b:o clgn zdf{n]
@)&)df ;f] If]qsf] cjnf]sg e|d0f
ub}{ p:t} k|sf/sf] cfzÍf u/]sf lyP .
o' / ] l goddf ljb] z L ;ª\ n Ugtf
;g\ !(&% df cd]l/sL gful/s
sf]gfSsf / kf]Nof08sf gful/s hf]g
d]sLn] nfª6fª lxdfn cf/f]x0f u/]sf
lyP . t/ pgLx¿ :j]bz kms]k{ l5
dfq yfxf eof] ls pgLx¿n] ;f] If]qdf
/]l8of]wdL{ ljls/0f cWoog u/]sf
/x]5g\ . To;}u/L @#–@& km]a|'c/L
!((^ df ef/t k~hfj, kl6ofnfl:yt
k~hfj ljZjljBfnodf ePsf]
…/] l 8o;g lkmlhS;Úsf] /fli6« o
;Dd] n gdf lzjflns If] q df
o'/]lgodsf] ;Defjgf /x]sf] …efef
cf0fljs s] G b| Ú sf j} 1 flgsx¿n]
atfPsf lyP . ;f] ;Dd]ngnuQ} Pp6f
cd]l/sL cvaf/n] g]kfndf o'/l] god
e08f/0f /x]sf] vf]hd"ns ;dfrf/
k|sflzt u/]kl5 ljZjzlQmsf] Wofg
g]kfnlt/ tflgof] . d':tfª lhNnfdf
o'/l] godsf] 7"nf] e08f/0f /x]sf] tYo
cfPkl5 ef/t, cd] l /sf,
la|6]gnufot b]zx¿n] ljsf; /
wd{sf] cf8df ultljlw tLa| kf/]sf
5g\ . af}4 ljZjljBfnosf] av]8f To;}
p2]Zon] p7fOPsf] x'g;S5 . ef/t
/ cd]l/sLx¿sf] c:jefljs d':tfª
rf;f]sf] k[i7efudf o'/l] god g} d'Vo
sf/0f x'g;S5 . o;/L g]kfnsf]
o'/]lgod vfgLdf ljb]zL rf;f] a9]/
uPsf] 5 . hals vfgL tyf vlgh
kbfy{ P]g–@)$@ / lgodfjnL @)%^
cg';f/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] o'/l] god, lx/f
/ ;'gnfO{ hËL vfgL cGtu{t /fv]sf]
5 . h;sf] cg';Gwfg, pTvgg /
lg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/ vfgL ljefunfO{
dfq /xG5 . t;y{ o'/]lgod vfgLsf]
;Gbe{df ePsf ljb]zL rf;f] /
;+nUgtf u}/sfg'gL 5g\ .
s] xf] t o'/]lgod <
o'/]lgod ;a}eGbf al9 k/df0f'
ef/ ePsf] /]l8of]wdL{ wft' xf] . @#*
kf/df0fljs ef/ x'g] of] wft'n] nuftf/
phf{jfg ljls/0fx¿ lgsfln/x]sf]
x'G5 . h;sf] sf/0f o;sf] cfo'
;of}+jif{ /xG5 . ljz]if1x¿n] hLPd
sfp06/, l;lG6n];g sfp06/ cflbsf]
;xfotfn] o'/]lgod ljls/0f dfkg
u5{g\ . h;sf] cfwf/df o'/]lgod
e08f/0f e"–ue{df s] slt 5 kQf
nfUb5 .
g]kfndf k]UdfO6 / u|g] fO6hGo
r§fgdf o'/]lgod wft' kfOPsf] 5 .
pmhf{ pTkfbg, lrlsT;fzf:q,
cf}Bf]lus, ef}ule{s / ljikmf]6s kbfy{
lgdf{0fdf o'/]lgod k|of]u x'G5 .
cf0fljs pmhf{ / xltof/sf] nflu
o'/l] god lglj{sNk wft' xf] .
o'/]lgod b'O{ k|sf/sf x'G5g\–
o'/]lgod–@#* / o'/]lgod–@#% .
k|fs[lts ?kdf o'/]lgod–@#* x'G5
/ To;nfO{ k| z f] w g u/] k l5
o'/]lgod–@#% aGb5 . ! lsnf]u|fd
o'/]lgod–@#%af6 pTkflbt ljB't
zlQm # nfv 6g sf]Onf afNbf
lg:sg] zlQm ;/x x'G5 .
pmhf{ ;|ft] kl/df0f pmhf{ kl/df0f
sf]Onf ! lsnf]uf| d * lsnf]jf6 l8h]n
-t]n_ ! lsnf]u|fd !@ lsnf]jf6
o'/]lgod–@#% ! lsnf]u|fd @ s/f]8
$) nfv lsnf]jf6 o'/]lgod b"n{e
wft' xf] . o;sf] k|zf]wg / k|of]un]
lgs} ;:tf]df pmhf{ k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 .
t/ b'?kof]u eof] eg] dfgj hflts}
ljgf; x'g;S5 . !($%df ;+o'Qm
/fHo cd]l/sfn] o;sf] k|of]uaf6
lgld{t cf0fljs ad hfkfgsf b'O{
zx/x¿df k|of]u ubf{ &% xhf/
dfG5]sf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] .
o' / ] l goddf cd] l /sL rf;f]
;g\ !(&# / !(&%df b'O{hgf
g] k fnL o' / ] l god a] R g cd] l /sL
b'tfjf;, sf7df8f}+ k'u]sf] / k/LIf0f
ug{ cd]l/sf k7fpFbf Tof] gSsnL
ePsf] k|ltj]bg @)&)df j]a;fO6
ljlslnS;n] ;fj{ h lgs u/] k l5
o'/l] godsf] rrf{ rs]s { f] lyof] . o:tf]
;+jb] gzLn / t:s/sf] hgsf/L g]kfn
;/sf/nfO{ glbg] cd]l/sL b'tfjf;sf]
wGbf klg pbfËf] ePsf] lyof] .
!(&%–!(*) aLrdf ;+oQ ' m /fi6«
;+3n] g]kfndf u/]sf] cGj]if0fdf y'k|}
cd]l/sL j}1flgsx¿ ;+nUg lyP .
!(&%df nfª6fª lxdfn cf/f]x0fsf]
cg'dlt lnP/ o'/l] god cWoog u/]sf]
tYo dfly pNn]v eO;s]sf] 5 .
ljut ! bzsotf cd]l/sfn] jL/
c:ktfn, eQmk'/ SofG;/ c:ktfn,
e/tk'/ SofG;/ c:ktfn, dl0fkfn
c:ktfn / e]/L c:ktfndf /]l8of]wdL{
kbfy{ s f] b' ? kof] u eP–gePsf]
lgu/fgL ul//x] s f] 5 . g] k fn
cGt/f{li6«o k/df0f' pmhf{ ;+:yf
(IEAEA)sf] ;b:o ePnuQ}
cd]l/sL pmhf{ dGqfno cGtu{tsf]
kl/of] h gf ljZjJofkL hf] l vd
Go"lgs/0f kl/of]hgf (GTRI) sf]
ultljlw c:jfefljs ?kdf a9]sf]
5 . cd] l /sL pmhf{ ;| f ] t x¿n]
/]l8of]wdL{ ljls/0fsf] t:s/L tyf
rf]/L /f]Sg / gful/ssf] ;'/Iff
;'lglZrt ug{ ;f] sfo{ u/]sf] bfaL
u/]sf 5g\ .
zlQms] G b| d f o' / ] l god rf;f]
@)%$ ;fndf tTsfnLg lj1fg
tyf k|ljlw dGqL ldhf{ lbn;fb a]un]
ef/tsf] efef cf0fljs s]Gb|;Fu
;DalGwt Pg= P;= zdf{ n fO{
cg';Gwfg ug{ Ohfht lbPsf lyP .
pg} zdf{n] 88]Nw'/fdf …dfp06]g af]l8{ª
:s'nÚdf rf/ jif{ lzIfssf] hflu/sf]
cf8df 88]Nw'/f, 8f]6L / aemfªdf
o'/]lgodsf] cg';Gwfg u/]sf lyP .
@)%%df ldhf{ dfl/Psf / hgo'4
rs] { / uPsf] l:yltdf cfk" m nfO{
c;' / lIft 7fg] s f zdf{ g] k fn
;/sf/nfO{ cWoog k|ltj]bg g}
ga'emfO{ ef/t kms]{ . ldhf{sf] xTofnfO{
o'/]lgod t:s/L;Fu hf]8\g]x¿ klg
gePsf xf]Ogg\ .
cd]l/sL ;/sf/sf] k|e'Tj /x]sf]
blIf0f sf]l/ofsf] sf]l/og OlG:6Ro'6
ckm lhof]–;fOG; P08 ldg/N;
l/;f];h {] gfds ;+:yfn] o'/l] god vfgL
cGj]if0fsf nflu ;xsfo{ ug{ k|:tfj
k7fPsf] lyof] . s]xL jif{bl] v g]kfnsf]
pmhf{ cGj]if0fsf nflu cGt/f{li6«o
k/df0f' pmhf{ ;+:yf (IEAEA)n]
ljz]if rf;f] b]vfO/x]sf] 5 . g]kfn
;g\ @))* df ;f] ;+:yfsf] ;b:o
ePsf] xf] . @)^( ebf} d f pQm
;+:yfsf # hgf lj1x¿ cfP/ vfgL
ljefusf sd{ r f/LnfO{ o' / ] l god
tflnd lbP/ uPsf lyP . ToxL d];f]
kf/]/ hLg /]gL An]h / vfgL ljefusf]
6f] n Ln] dsjfgk' / , lw+ o fn–#,
tLgeËfn]sf] e|d0f klg u/]sf] lyof] .
ljb]zLx¿ bIf hgzlQm pTkfbg /
k|fljlws ;xof]u ug]{ eg]/ g]kfn
cfpF5g\ . pgL lj1nfO{ lnP/ g]kfnL
6f]nL;lxt o'/]lgod vfgL :yndf
k'U5g\ / cfjZos ;"rgf ;Íng
u5{g\ . k|of]uzfnfdf gd"gf k/LIf0f
ug]{ eg]/ cfˆgf] b]zdf n}hfG5g\ .
cGt/f{li6«o k/df0f' pmhf{ (UN) /
Go"gLs/0f kxn (GTRI) To;}sf]
nflu sfd u5{g\ .
o' / ] l god vfgL ;DefJotf
g]kfndf @)&) ;fndf o'/f]lgod
;DaGwL rrf{ dsjfgk'/ tLgeËfn]df
s]lGb|t x'Fb} cfPsf]df xfn d':tfª,
d'lQmgfy If]q klg ylkPsf] 5 . t/
a}t8L, aemfª, bfr{'nf, dflyNnf]
d':tfª, /;'jfsf] nfd6fª lxdfndf
o'/f]lgodsf] 7"nf] e08f/0f /x]sf]
k|f/lDes cg';Gwfgn] atfPsf] 5 .
To;}u/L sf7df8f}+af6 pQ/–klZrd
g' j fsf] 6 lhNnfsf] ssgLl:yt
kfF r dfg] , /;' j fsf] d} n ' ª vf] n f,
lzjk' / Lsf] blIf0f 6f] v f j/k/,
rl/sf]6 bf]nvfdf pRr /]l8of]wdL{
ljls/0f b]lvPsf] 5 .
@)$* ;fndf a}t8L–bfr{'nf
eP/ aUg] rd]lnof vf]nfaf6 ;'g
t:s/L eO/x]sf] ;"rgfsf] cfwf/df
hfFr ug{ uPsf] vfgL ljefusf] 6f]nLn]
ToxfF o' / ] l godsf] ;DefJotf
kQfnufPsf] lyof] . vfgL ljefun]
u/]sf] @ jif{sf] cWoogaf6 aemfªsf]
lgDnL uf8 / a}t8Lsf] hdf/L uf8df
qmdzM #*)*( / (@!# ;LkLP;
o'/f]lgod ljls/0f ePsf] kQfnufPsf]
lyof] . kfls:tfgn] k|ltnfv s0fdf
#%)) / ef/tn] $@)) s0f k|ltnfv
o'/]lgod ePsf] :yfgdf pTvgg\
ul//x]sf 5g\ .
@& 6g;Dd o'/]lgod ePsf]
:yfgdf pTvgg ubf{ 3f6f x'bF g} .
tLgeËfn]df #% 6g ePsf] vfgL
ljefusf] cg'dfg 5 . a}t8L–bfr{n ' f
tyf rd]lnof If]qdf tLg eªufn]df
eGbf @ b]lv # u'0ff a8L /]l8of]wdL{
ljls/0f ePsf]n] ;f] If]qdf a9L
o'/l] god e08f/0f x'g;S5 .
tLge+ u fn] d f ca{ ' 4 cftÍ
/]l8of]wdL{ ljls/0fsf] cfljisf/
dfl/of So" / L -!*^&–!(#$,
kf]NofG8_n] ul/g\ . pg} So"/Lsf]
!(#$df o'/]lgod ljls/0fsf] sf/0f
d[To' ePsf] lyof] . dsjfgk'/sf
tLgeËfn] lgjf;Lx¿ cfˆg} j/k/
ePsf] o'/l] god ljls/0fsf] b':k|efj
yfx} gkfOsg dl//x]sf 5g\ . ToxfF
3/–3/ ca{'4 (Cancer) /f]usf
la/fdL 5g\ .
c1ft /f] u af6 kLl8t :yfgLo
dsjfgk'/, lwofFnsf @, # /
$ j8f -;fljs_ a9L k| e fljt
5g\ . 5lQjg, xfQL;' F 8 ] dfd
bdf/df klg ca{'4 /f]usf la/fdL
a9\b} uPsf 5g\ . tLgeËfn]df t
@)&) ;Dd !@ hgfsf] d[To' /
TolQs} ;+Vofdf la/fdL lyP . Tof]
;+Vof x/]s jif{ a9\bf] 5 .
o'/]lgod k|efljt If]qsf] kfgL,
cGg, kmnk"mn / b'Uw kbfy{ klg
ljls/0fo' Q m x' g ;S5 . o;sf]
cNksfnLg / bL3{sfnLg b'ik|efj
x' G 5 . eflj k' : tfx¿ ckfË,
zf/Ll/s ljs[lt x'Fb} j+zgf; eP/
hfg;S5 eg] ca{'4 /f]u tTsfnsf]
;d:of klg x' g ;S5 . vfgL
ljefun] @)$& df g} tLgeËfn]df
o'/]lgod ePsf] k|ltj]bg a'emfPsf]
lyof] . hxfF dfgj a:tL /xg'
3fts x' G 5 .
;f] If]qsf /f]uLx¿ s] sf/0f
/f]uu|:t ePsf x'g\ < cg';Gwfg
ug]{ / cfjZos k/] ;f] If]qnfO{
tf/af/ u/] / a:tL :yfgfGt/0f
ug{'kb{5 . t/ #) jif{;Dd klg
clvn -;dfhjfbL_ sf] kbflwsf/Lsf] k|yd k"0f{ a}7s ;DkGg
sf7df8f}F . clvn -;dfhjfbL_
kbflwsf/Lsf] k| y d k" 0 f{ a} 7 s
lalxaf/ kf6g ;+o'Qm SofDk;df
;DkGg ePsf] 5 eg] s] G b| L o
;ldltsf] bf];f| ] k"0f{ a}7s z'qmaf/jf6
;'? ePsf] 5 . ;+u7gsf cWoIf
g/] G b| ;Lsf] cWoIftfdf a;] s f]
kbflwsf/Lsf] k|yd k"0f{ a}7ssf]
7
;/sf/ a];/f]sf/ eP/ a;]sf] 5 .
o'/]lgod vfgL ePsf] eg]/ vfgL
ljefun] /]vfÍg u/]sf] :yfgaf6
%) ld6/ blIf0f–k" j { vf] n fsf]
l8ndf /x]sf] e"d]Zj/L k|f= lj=df
cWoog/t !%) dWo] !@ hgfn]
@)^( df g} ;' : t–dgl:ylt
5fqj[lQ kfPsf lyP . of] tYofÍ
cfkm}df qf;b xf] .
tLgeËfn] j/k/ @)@!
;fnb]lv a:tL a:g yfn]sf] :yfgLo
atfpF 5 g\ . cGt/f{ l i6« o k/df0f'
pmhf{n] cf};teGbf % u'0ff a9L
ljls/0f b]lvPdf a:tL ;fg{' kb{5 .
ljKnj g]t[Tjsf] g]skfn] @)&!
;fndf g} clgn zdf{, lr/g k'g,
gog, jf6/;lxtsf] 6f]nLn] :ynut
cWoog u/]kl5 o'/]lgodsf] /Iff
/ :yfgLo afl;Gbfsf] :yfgfGt/0f
ug{ k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ldfkm{t\
;/sf/sf] Wofg cfs[ i 6 u/] s f]
lyof] . t/ To;otfsf s'g} klg
;/sf/n] hg:jf:Yok|lt lhDd]jf/
aGg ;s]sf 5}gg\ .
lgisif{
o'/]lgod cToGt ;+j]bgzLn
3ft' xf] . o;n] hg:jf:Yodf 3fts
b' i k| e fj kfg{ ;Sb5 . To;} n ]
k|efljt :yfgsf afl;Gbfdf o;sf]
b'ik|efj 5–5}g j}1flgs cg';Gwfg
ug{'k5{ . /f]uLsf] pkrf/ / a:tL
:yfgfGt/0f ug{'sf] ljsNk 5}g .
g]kfnn] tTsfn o'/]lgod k|zf]wgsf
nflu k|ljlw / nufgL ug{ ;Sb}g .
c? b]zsf] nufgL cfdGq0f ubf{
zlQms]Gb| tyf l5d]sLx¿ pQ]lht
x'g ;S5g\ . h;nfO{ g]kfnn] y]Ug
;Sg] cj:yf 5}g . o'/]lgod ePsf]
;"rgf aflxl/g] t/ ;/sf/n] plrt
gLlt lgdf{0f / nfu" ug{ g;Sg] xf]
eg] zlQms]Gb|x¿sf] tfgftfgdf
g] k fnsf] ;fj{ e f} l dstfdfly g}
vt/f k} b f x' g ;S5 . To;} n ]
hg:jf:Yo / /fli6« o ;' / Iffsf]
uDeL/ ljifosf] ?kdf ;/sf/n]
o' / ] l god vfgLnfO{ a' ‰ g' k 5{ .
nfk/jfxL eofgs aGg ;S5 .
–hgklqsf dfl;s bzf}F cÍjf6
k| d ' v cltly g] k fn sDo' l g:6
kf6L{sf :yfoL sld6L ;b:o tyf
ˆofS;g OGrfh{ lzn' /x]sL lyOg\ .
pQm a}7sdf cWoIf g/]Gb| ;L n]
k]z u/]sf] k|:tfj pk/ 5nkmn
ePsf] / pQm k|:tfj z'qmaf/jf6
;'? ePsf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt a}7sdf
5nkmn eO/x]sf] atfOPsf] 5 .
 8 sf= lh= k|= sf= b= g+= !^#÷@)^#÷^$
sDo'lgi6=====
lg0f{o ;d]t u/]sf] 5 .
a}7sn] b]zsf] :jfwLgtf, ;'zf;g,
hgclwsf/ / ;fdlhs Gofosf nflu
tyf Pd;L;L, ld6/JofhL, e|i6frf/,
dxËL, dlxnf lx+;f / hflto lje]b,
xjfO{ tyf oftfoft If]qdf ePsf] rsf]{
ef8fb/, k| b ] z ;/sf/ / :yfgLo
;/sf/n] ul//x]sf hglj/f]wL ultljlw,
hg:jfYo / s[lifdf ePsf] nfk/jfxL /
z}lIfs c:tJo:ttf, GofoIf]qdf ePsf]
dxËL lj?4 hgkl/rfng;lxt ;+3if{
ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .
To:t}, a}7sn] s0ff{nL k|bz
] cGtu{t
ljleGg lhNnfx¿df OGrfh{ /
;]qm]6/Lx¿sf] gofF sfo{ljefhg u/]sf]
5 . k|b]z OGrfh{ ;'zLnåf/f x:tfIfl/t
lj1lKtdf pNn]v ePcg';f/ ;'v]{t
lhNnf OGrfh{ P6d ;L, ;]qm]6/L hLt
;L, ;Nofg OGrfh{ cfwf/ ;L / ;]qm]6/L
clgn ;L, sflnsf]6 OGrfh{ ljj]s ;L
/ ;]qm]6/L anjfg ;L, x'Dnf OGrfh{
lIflth ;L / ;]qm]6/L sdn ;L, d'u'
OGrfh{ ;dfh ;L / ;]qm]6/L cl8s
;L, ?s'd OGrfh{ rGb| ;L, h'Dnf OGrfh{
k|efthLt ;L / ;]qm]6/L ;kmn ;L,
b}nv ] OGrfh{ snd ;L / ;]qm]6/L k|sfz
;L, hfh/sf]6 OGrfh{ ˜kf}/v ;L /
;]qm]6/L ;"o{sL/0f ;L, 8f]Nkf OGrfh{
;]/fk ;L / ;]qm]6/L uf}rg ;L /xg]
lg0f{o ul/Psf] hgfOPsf] 5 .
k| b ] z ;ldltsf cGo ljefuLo
sfdx¿nfO{ Jol:yt ug] { p2] Z on]
/fhgLlts jftf{ tyf ;+jfb ;ldlt
;+of]hs P6d ;L / ;b:odf led ;L,
of]hgf ;L, pTkfbg ljefu k|dv ' cfwf/
;L / ;b:odf lj/f6 ;L, cfly{s ljefu
k|d'v ljj]s ;L / ;b:odf hLt ;L,
dgf]h ;L, Gofo ljefu k|d'vdf lj/f6
;L / ;b:odf pbo ;L, ;dfhjfbL
;Dks{ d~r ;+of]hs cfwf/ ;L, o'jf
tyf v]ns'b ljefudf lj/fhg ;L, :jf:Yo
ljefu uf]ljGb ;L, k|zf;g tyf ;'/Iff
ljefudf kf}/v ;L, 3fOt] tyf ckfË
;dfhdf cfsif{0f ;L, ;lxb k|lti7fgdf
jfo' ;L, k|eft ;f+:s[lts kl/jf/ ˆof{S;g
OGrfh{ anjfg ;L tyf sdf08/ ;Eotf
;L /xg] lg0f{o ul/Psf] s'/f ;d]t hf/L
k|;
] lj1lKtdf pNn]v 5 .
;/n hLjg, s8f ldlxg] t ,
;sf/fTds ;f]r, kl/0ffdd"vL sfd eGg]
gf/fnfO{ hLjg k4tL agfpg], h'Dnf,
d'u', x'Dnf / sflnsf]6df ePsf :ofp,
cf]v/ au}rf / ;'v]{t ;Nofg ?s'd
hfh/sf]6 nufotsf lhNnfdf ePsf
s[ifL pTkfbgnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg]
lg0f{o ub}{ a}7sn] g]kfnL ljz]iftfsf]
;dfhjfb, kf6L{sf j}rfl/s ;+Zn]if0f,
;L ;+ : s[ l t / ;fd| f HojfbL,
k|ltudgsf/L x:tIf]kaf/] lhNnf, gu/,
ufpFkflnsf / j8f txdf cGt/lqmof
ug]{ lg0f{o ;d]t u/]sf] 5 .
rf/ ldq ju{ -ls;fg, dhb'/, dWod
ju{ / /fli6«o k'h F Lklt ju{_ rf/ ldq
zlQm -sDo'lgi6, ;dfhjfbL, b]zeQm,
nf]stflGqs u0ftGqjfbL Pjd\ ^ ldq
;d'bfo -v;cfo{, hghftL, dw]zL, >lds
;d'bfo, dlxnf, d'lZnd_ nfO{ uf]naGb
ug],{ ;dfhjfbL df]rf{nfO{ lj:tf/ ug]{ /
;dfhjfbL ;Dks{ d~r u7g ug]{ lg0f{o
ePsf] lj1lKtdf pNn]v 5 .
>lds=====
;dfhjfbL df]rf{sf] a}7s a;]/ To;nfO{
elTsg glbg] pb\3f]if u/] .
dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Ln] ;dfhjfbL
df]rf{n] ult lng vf]Hbf s]xL ;d:of
pTkGg ePsf] atfpFb} df]rf{df ev{/} ag]sf]
czf]s /fO{ g]t[Tjsf] kf6L{nfO{ klg
Nofpg]af/] klg 5nkmn ug{ ;lsg] atfP .
o;}u/L, pQm sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg
ub}{ g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf :yfoL
;ldlt ;b:o tyf dw]; k|b]z OGrfh{
clgn ;Ln] PsLs[t hgqmflGtsf ;lxb
s'df/ kf}8]nsf xTof/fnfO{ sf/afxL
ug{sf nflu ;+3if{ ug]{ atfP . pgn]
eg], …;nf{xLdf s'df/ kf}8]nsf] xTof
ePkl5 xfd|f] kf6L{ of] If]qdf sdhf]/
ePsf] lyof] . pgLx¿n] xfd|f] kf6L{ g]tf
/ sfo{stf{sf] x'dt{ lnPsf lyP . oxfFsf]
dgf]lj1fgnfO{ p7fpg xfdLn] s]xL
;f]r]sf 5f}+ . s'df/ kf}8]nnfO{ km]/L
Jo"tF fpg t ;Sb}gf}+ t/ pxfFsf] cfbz{nfO{
pRr n] e ndf k' ¥ ofpF b } b' : d' g sf]
dgf]annfO{ lu/fpg ;S5f}+ . To;sf]
lgDtL s]xL ;f]lrPsf] 5 .Ú
g]tf clgn ;Ln] s'df/ kf}8]nsf]
eJo ;flns agfpg], s'df/ kf}8]nsf]
gfddf hgtfn] k|of]u ug{ ldNg] vfnsf]
Pp6f ;+rgf agfpg] / xTof/fnfO{
sf/afxL ug{ k|b]ze/ ;+3if{ ug]{ of]hgf
agfPsf] pNn]v ub}{ eg] – …OG;]s,
dfgjclwsf/ cfof]un] ;'4 k|dfl0ft
u/]sf, kLl8t kl/jf/n] ls6fgL hfx]/L
If]Kof:q k|sfzg s]Gb|åf/f k|sflzt, ;Dkfbs M /fh]Gb|k|;fb lrdf}l/of, sfof{no M yfkfufpF, sf7df8f}F, df]afOn M (*$!$)#*%!,
E-mail : chhepyastra@gmail.com,website: www.janakhabar.com d'bs
lbPsf ck/fwLnfO{ sf/jfxL k|lqmof
cufl8 a9fp eg] / bjfb lbg] ,
l;l8of]nfO{ 1fkgkq a'emfpg], wgf{ lbg]
nufotsf ;+3if{sf sfo{qmd cufl8
a9fpg] ;fr]sf 5f}+ . xfdLn] nfdf]
;+3if{sf] af/]df ;f]r]sf 5f}+ . To;sf
nflu ;nf{xL lhNnf aGb;Dd hfgkg]{
x'g;S5 . dfG5] d/]sf] lj;f}+, lt;f}+,
krf;f}+ aif{kl5 klg d[To' b08 lbg]
rng o'/f]lt/ 5 . xfdLn] ck/fwLx¿
hLljt 5g\ eg] ef}lts ?kdf d/]kl5
klg ;fdflhs ;f+ : s[ l ts b08
x'g]vfnsf] d[To' b08 lbg'k5{ .Ú
g]tf clgn ;Ln] >d u/]s} sf/0f
dflg; ljj]sL k|f0fL ePsf] atfpFb}
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf sfo{stf{n] >dnfO{
k|fyldstf /fVg'kg]{ atfP .
g]skf dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Lsf] k|dv '
cfltYotf /x] s f] pQm sfo{ q mddf
pkl:yt ;a}nfO{ g]skf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o
/fds'df/ ;Ln] :jfut dGtJodfkm{t\
:jfut u/]sf lyP eg] sfo{qmdsf]
;+rfng kjg ;Ln] u/]sf lyP .
b]zsf]=====
xn ljKnjn] dfq u5{ eGg] dfxf]n ag]sf]
of] dfxf]n l;h{gf x'g'df xfd|f g]tf
sfo{stf{x¿sf] cyfx d]xgt kf6L{n]
;Zn]if0f u/]sf] gofF larf/ bz{g, kf6L{n]
lnPsf] cfTdlge{/ cy{gLlt, rGbfd'Qm
kf6L{, ;L hfltsf] cjwf/0ff, cflb sf/0fn]
/fhgLltsf] s]Gb|df g]skf /x]sf] atfOg .
pgn] b]ze } / g]skfsf] dfxf]n aGg'df
g]skfsf] lg:jfy{tf ultzLntf / hg
pQ/bfloTjsf] sf/0f /x]sf] ;d]t atfOg\ .
g]tf lzn' ;L n] c? ;a}df s]xL
gofF ug{k' 5{ eGg] 5 t/ cfk"m cu|;/
ge} g]skfn] ulb{of]; eGg] 5 eGb} pgn]
cufl8 ylkg– æca kf6L{n] cl3 ;f/]sf]
g]kfnL ljif]ztfsf] ;dfhjfbsf] af/]df
hg:t/;Dd hfg h?/L 5 . ;dfhjfbL
df]rf{nfO{ yk ;'b[9 ug{ h?/L 5 .
;dfhjfbsf nflu km/flsnf] df]rf{
agfpg h?/L 5 .Æ
g]tf lzn' ;L n] bnfn ;Qfdf
Oltxf;df slxNo} gePsf] ;+s6 cfPsf]
7f]sj' f ub}{ hgtfn] gofF ljsNk vf]hs ] f]
5 k'/fgf] kf6L{df hgtfsf] e/f];f x/fPsf]
atfpFb} elgg\– æ;/sf/ s;/L agfpg]
;Qf s;n] sAhf ug]{ s:sf] la?4 nfu]/
s;sf] ;fy lnP/ p;nfO{ lu/fpg
;lsG5 eGg] v]ndf ;Qfl;g k'/fgf kf6L{
5g\ t/ hgtfsf] kIfdf g]skf ;w}F k|ltj4
5 . clxn] b]z e"/fhgLlts rk]6fdf 5
j}bz] Ls x:tIf]k 5 ;fd|fHojfbn] k'/fgf
zlQmaf6 g]kfndf cfˆgf] k|eT' j hdfpg
c;Dej b]vk] l5 /la h:tf gofF hf]uLx¿
v8f u/]sf] 5 . h;n] Aoj:yf 7Ls 5
cj:yf kl/jt{g ug{k' 5{ eGg] e|d km}nfP/
hgtfsf] ;]lG6d]G6dfyL v]ln/x]sf 5g,
of] w]/} l6Sb}g .Æ
g]tf lzn' ;L n] cGt/f{li6«o kl/l:ylt
/ ;fd|fHojfbsf] gfËf] x:tIf]k tkm{ OlËt
ub}{ clxn] ljZj @ w'jd{ f laeflht ePsf]
ca:yfdf cd]l/sf cyf{t ;fd|fHojfbsf]
k|eT' j l6S5 eGg] Uof/]G6L gePsf] 7f]sj' f
ul/g . pgn] elgg\, æg]kfndf g]kfnL
ljif]ztfsf] ;dfhjfbL qmflGt ;kmn x'g]
cgs'n ;do ePsf] 5 To;sf] g]tT[ j
g]skfn] u5{ .Æ
g]tf lzn' ;L n] clxn]sf] k|wfg
cGtlj{ / f] w g] k fnsf /fhgLlts
bnx¿;Fu geP/ bnfn k'FhLjfb;Fu
ePsf] atfpFb} ;dfhjfbsf lglDt
clxn] cgs'n ;do ePsf] t/ Tof]
g]skf PSn} cl3 a9]/ ;Dej gePsf]
To;sf lglDt kf6L{n] $ ldqju{, $
ldq zlQm / ^ ldq ;d' b fosf]
cjwf/0ff cl3 ;f/] s f] / To;sf]
HjnGt pbfx/0f ;dfhjfbL df]rf{
ePsf]df hf]8 lbOg\ .
g]tf lzn' ;L n] kl5Nnf] /fli6«o
/fhgLlt / kf6L{ n ] cl3 ;f/] s f]
cjwf/0ffk|lt k|i6 kfb}{ g]skfn] lnPsf]
lgjf{rg k|of]usf] lgltk|lt z+sf gx'g
cg' / f] w ub} { elgg– æg] k fnsf
sDo'lgi6x¿sf] r'gfj k|of]u r'gfjb]lv
r'gfj;Dd dfq eof] r'gfjdf uP
;+;bjfbL x'g] guP/ jlx:sf/ u/]
qmflGtsf/L x'g] of] a'emfOaf6 dfyL p7\g'
k5{ @) cf}+ ;tfAbLsf] b[li7sf]0fnfO{
clxn] @! ;tflAbdf cfP/ ToxL
a' e mfOsf] /6fg nufpg' j:t' j fbL
gePsfn] lgjf{ r gnfO{ PsLs[ t
hgqmflGtsf] % k|of]u dWosf] csf]{
k| o f] u sf] ?kdf a' e m] / ;dfhjfbL
cleofgsf] ?kdf k|of]u ug{'k5{ oxL g}
j}1flgs / j:t'jfbL x'G5 .Æ
g]tf lzn' ;L n] qmflGtsf] lglDt
lxhf] s f] ;+ l s0{ f tfn] x' F b } g , ljzfn
df]rf{;lxt ;Dk'0f{ dfcf]jfbL 36s
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ ;dfhjfbL b]zeQm
nf] s tGqjfbLx¿ Ps eP/ g] k fnL
ljif]ztfsf] ;dfhjfbdf hfg tof/
eP o;n] ljleGg vfn] ;fd|fHojfbL
@)*! ;fn j}zfv #) ut] cfOtaf/
if8\oGqnfO{ k/f:t kf5{, of] b]znfO{
cu|udg tkm{ nfg ;lsg]df pgsf]
hf]8 lyof] .
g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{åf/f x/}ofsf] hldgdf sfd ug{ /f]s
;f]xL sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ sAhfdf /x]sfn] ef}lts lgdf{0f aGb sfd ug{ gcfpg] u/L k7fPsf]
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sL kf]ln6 Ao'/f]
;' b " / klZrd k| b ] z n] uf] b fj/L u/fPsf] atfP . ;f] d af/ ;of} F hfgsf/L u/fP . e"dflkmofx¿n]
;b:o tyf sf:sL lhNnf OGrfh{ cf:yf
;Ln] dWok"j{sf] n8fO{+n] ;fd|fHojfb gu/kflnsfl:yt x/}ofdf /x]sf] hgtf;lxt x/}of k'us ] f pgn] g]kfn ;' s ' D af;LnfO{ c;f/sf] dlxgf
hldgdf sfd ug{ /f]s nufPsf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ dhb'/, ls;fg / aiff{tsf] ;dodf 3/ eTsfP/ b'Mv
d/0ff;Gg cj:yfdf 5 eGg] k'li6 ePsf]
atfOg\ . pgn] cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbn]
ljZje/ cfˆgf] Ps5q ;fd|fHo agfP/
babafdf /fVb} cfk"mnfO{ ;j{zlQmdfg
7fg]sf] lyof] t/ dWok"j{sf] 36gfn]
To;sf] unt k'li6 ul/lbPsf] atfpFb}
elgg– clxn] dWok"j{df clxn] h'g
n8fOF rln/x]sf] 5 of]af6 ca ljZj
ax' w | ' j df ljeflht ePsf] 5
;fd|fHojfb zlQmdf 5}g cfˆgf] k|e'Tj
u'dfpb}5 5 eGg] k|i6 x'G5 h;n] csf]{
/fi6«nfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ pbodfg zlQm
/fi6«nfO{ /f]Sg ;Sb}g h'g ?; o'qm]g
n8fOFb]lv lnP/ Oh/fPn;Dd cfOk'Ubf
;xh} a'‰g ;lsG5 .Æ
OGrfh{ cf:yf ;Ln] Tof] af6f]af6
;fd| f Hojfbn] rLg;F u 6Ss/ lbg
c;Dej b]v]kl5 clxn] ;fd|fHojfb
ljleGg k|nf]eg b]vfP/ g]kfndf xfaL
x'g yfn]sf] atfpFb} elgg– æclxn] 5 . ;f] kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf e"ldxLg ;'s'Daf;Lsf] kIfdf ePsf] lbg'sf ;fy} x6fPsf] atfpb} kf6L{n]
;fd|fHojfbn] g]kfnL e"ld k|of]u u/]/ ;'b"/klZrd k|b]z ;lrj ;d/ ;Ln] atfpFb} pQm hldgdf sfd gug{ s' g } k lg xfntdf sAhf hldg
rLgdfyL 3]/faGbL ug{ vf]Hb}5 . clxn] hgo'4 sfnb]lv kf6L{n] sAhf u/]sf] cg'/f]w u/L sfd aGb u/fPsf] pgn] g5f]8\g] atfP . bfªsf /0faxfb'/
ljZj kl/b[Zo x]bf{ ;fd|fHojfb sdhf]/ hldgdf ;'s'Daf;L a:tL /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fP . To;}u/L g]kfn zfxsf] !* ljufx hldg kf]v/fsf
x'Fb} uPsf] / ;dfhjfbL alnof] x'Fb} hldgdf ef} l ts ;+ / rgf aGg sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf ladn a:ofn nufPt ;~rfns
uPsf] ;Gbe{ 5 .Æ
OGrfh{ cf:yf ;Ln] d/0ff;Gg yfn]kl5 sfd ug{ /f]s nufPsf] s}nfnL lhNnf OGrfh{ k|sfz ;Ln] /x]sf] zf}efUo l/on :6]6sf] gfddf
;fd|fHojfbn] cfˆgf] ;fd|fHo k|eT' j u'Dg hfgsf/L lbP . pgn] hgo'4 sfndf kf6L{sf] sAhfdf /x]sf] hldgdf /x]sf pQm hldg gfd;f/L ePsf]
glbg clGtd c:q k|of]u ug{ ;Sg] eGb} bfªsf /0faxfb'/ zfxsf] gfddf ;'s'Daf;LnfO{ x6fP/ e"dflkmofn] atfOPsf] 5 . hUuf Knl6ª u/L
To;nfO{ /f]Sg sDo'lg:6 ;dfhjfbLsf] /x]sf] !* ljufx hldg kf6L{n] sAhf ef}lts ;+/rgf agfpg nfu]sf] ;8s lgdf{0f / ljB't kf]n lgdf{0fsf]
aLrdf df]rf{aGbL h?/L /x]sf] atfOg\ . u/L e" l dlxg ;' s ' D af;L a:b} atfpb} s'g}klg xfntdf sfd ug{ sfd eO/x] s f] cj:yfdf g] k fn
pgn] ylkg\ , Æ Tof] df] r f{ g] k fnL cfPsf]df e"dflkmofx¿n] rnv]n glbg] atfP . pgn] sfd ul//x]sf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n] sfd ug{ aGb
ljz]iftfsf] ;dfhjfbsf lglDt x'g]5
To;sf] pbfx/0f kl5Nnf] kf6L{n] ;f/]sf] u/L x6fPklg pQm hldg kf6L{s} dhb'/x¿nfO{ ;DemfO{ a'emfO{ u/]/ u/fPsf] atfOPsf] 5 .
$ ldqju{ $ ldqzlQm / ^ ;d'bfo
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ug]{ ePsf] atfpFb} ;+;b\df ax'dt ug{ ;kmn eof] p ;+;bjfbL ePg .Æ atfpFb} eg]– …;+;b\jfbsf nflu Pstf
o;}u/L, ;f]xL sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg
ub}{ g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf kf]ln6 Ao'/f] k'¥ofP/ ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg u/]/, hgdt g]tf /fhg ;Ln] g]kfnsf] kl5Nnf] ug]{ eg]sf xf]Ogf}+ Pstf qmflGtsf nflu
;+u|xaf6 / csf]{ ;8saf6 g]kfndf j:t'l:ylt x]bf{ kf6L{n] lnPsf] lgjf{rg x'g'k5{ . sDo'lg:6 hgdt ;'/lIft
;b:o tyf afUn'ª lhNnf OGrfh{ cfhfb
;Ln] dfS;{jfbnfO{ k"0f{ ?kdf nfu" ug]{ ;dfhjfb NofO 5f8\g] pb\3f]if u/] . k|of]usf] gLltn] k|ltudgsf/Lx¿nfO{ / ug{ s f nflu sDo' l g:6x¿sf] a[ x t\
o;} u /L, ;f] x L sfo{ q mdnfO{ if8\oGqsf/Lx¿nfO{ cNdNofPsf] atfpFb} Pstfsf nflu klg kxn ug{'k5{ .
kf6L{ ln8/ g]kfndf /x]sf] atfP . pgn]
g]skfsf dxf;lrj ljKnjlt/ ;+st] ub}{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf kf6L{sf] r'gfj;DaGwL cjwf/0ff PsLs[t g]kfnaf6 sDo'lg:6 hgdtnfO{ lg:t]h
kf]ln6Ao'/f] ;b:o tyf DofUbL lhNnf hgqmflGtsf] Ps cleGg cË /x]sf] atfP . kfg]{ cd]l/sL if8\oGqnfO{ ;kmn x'g
g]kfndf clxn] dfS;{jfbnfO{ km/km–km/s
;fGbe{df ;fy{s k|of]u ug]{ ln8/ g]kfndf OGrfh{ /fhg ;Ln] lgjf{rgsf] k|of]u g]skfsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf :ofª\hf lbg'x'Fb}g . xfdLn] k|r08sf] l8km]G;
klg qmflGtsf] Pp6f ;zQm df]rf{ ePsf] lhNnf OGrfh{ pef/ ;Lsf] :jfut u/]sf xf]Ogf}+, hgo'4sf] l8km]G; u/]sf
/x] s f] atfpF b } eg] – æg] k fndf
dfS;{jfbnfO{ k|of]u ug]{ sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ atfP . qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6x¿n] dGtJoaf6 ;'? ePsf] pQm sfo{qmdsf] xf} + . ;fd| f Hojfbn] hgo' 4 nfO{
cfˆgf] ;Qf :yfkgf ug{sf] lglDt k|of]u ;~rfng g]skfsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf gjnk'/ ck/fwLs/0f ug{ k|r08nfO{ ck/fwL
clxn] klg g]kfndf lhljt 5 . h;n]
@) cf}+ ;tfAbLsf] ljrf/ b[li6sf]0fnfO{ ug]{ df]rf{dWo] lgjf{rg k|of]u klg Pp6f lhNnf OGrfh{ h'emf? ;Ln] u/]sf lyP . s/f/ ug{ vf]h]kl5 l8km]G; u/]sf xf}+,
df]rf{ ePsf] atfpFb} eg]– …xfd|f] kf6L{n] Tof] xfdL ;wF} u5f}{+ .Ú
5f]8/] @! cf}+ ;tfAbLdf gofF sf]0faf6
dfS;{jfbsf] ;kmn k|of]u ul//x]sf] 5 .Æ h'g ;'ema'emsf ;fy lgjf{rg k|of]u ;+ ; bLo===== g]tf ljifd ;Ln] hgo'4 l;g]dfsf]
g]tf cfhfb ;Ln] g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df ;DaGwL gofF j:t'jfbL ;+Zn]if0f u/]sf] kF'hLjfb ag]sf] 5 . bnfn k'FhLjfbsf] klxnf] l;g ePsf] / PsLs[t hgqmflGt
5 of] klg qmflGts} Pp6f k|efjsf/L ljsNk g]kfnL laz]iftfsf] ;dfhjfb l;g]dfsf] kl5Nnf] l;g ePsf] atfP .
lgj{rgnfO{ k|of]u ug]{ xf];\ of alx:sf/
;dfhjfbsf lglDt sDo' l g:6 df]rf{ xf] .Ú xf] . g]kfndf cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb o;}u/L, g]tf ljifd ;Ln] d+unaf/
g]tf /fhg ;Ln] g]kfndf b]lvPsf] cfFkm} n8\g cfPsf] 5 . clxn] g]kfnL cfof]hgf ul/Psf] /fhgLlts–j}rfl/s
;dfhjfbLx¿sf] aLr df]rf{aGbL xf];\
of Pstf, ;a}df ;kmn k|of]u ub}{ km]l/ lgjf{rg k|of]u / alx:sf/ ;DaGwL hgtfsf] d' V o b' Z dg cd] l /sL k|lzIf0f sfo{qmddf g]skf n'lDagL
tYonfO{ km/s b[li6sf]0f / ts{af6 ;fd|fHojfb xf] . b'Zdg ablnof] eg] k| b ] z sf !@ j6} lhNnfsf OGrfh{
clxn] cfP/ csf]{ gofF k|of]u ub}{ cl3
a9]sf] kf6L{ g]kfndf lhljt /x]sf] atfpFb} k|dfl0ft ug{'kg]{ cfjZostf /x]sf] ldq zlQm ablnG5 . clxn] xfdLn] ;] q m] 6 /Lx¿nfO{ kf6L{ s f] em08f
cf}NofpFb} eg] – æqmflGtsf/Lx¿n] ug]{ rf/ ldq zlQm, rf/ ldq ju{ / ^ x:tfGt/0f ub}{ kf6L{sf] ^ dlxg] cfjlws
eg]– clxn]sf] ljZj lxhf]sf] h:tf] Ps
w|j' Lo 5}g of] ax'wj'| Lodf ljeflht 5 lgjf{rsf] k|of]u / alx:sf/ gofF xf]Og ldq ;d' b fosf] cjwf/0ff ;lxt of]hgf cGtu{tsf] …kf6L{ ;+u7g ;'b[9
lxhf] hgo'4df hfg' k'j{ klg r'gfjnfO{ hgtfsf] PsLs[ t anåf/f bnfn Pjd hg;DaGw lj:tf/ cleofgÚsf]
h;sf] pbfx/0fsf ?kdf ?;L v]df
lhTg'nfO{ lng ;lsG5 .Æ k|of]u ul/Psf] lyof] . ;+;b\df cfˆgf] k'FhLjfbnfO{ k/f:t ug]{u/L of]hgf ;d]t pb\3f6g u/] . pQm ^ dlxg]
l;6 ;'/lIft x'bF fx'bF } klg To;nfO{ kl/Tofu agfPsf 5f}F .Ú cleofgnfO{ #–# dlxgfdf ljefhg
g]tf cfhfb ;Ln] ;fd|fHojfbn]
dWodf cfk"m sdhf]/ ePsf] lgisif{ ub}{ tTsfnLg hgdf]rf{ h;sf] g]tT[ jn] g]tf ljifd ;Ln] dfcf]jfbL wf/fsf ul/Psf] kf6L{n] hgfPsf] 5 .
lgsfNb} rLgnfO{ ;fOhdf /fVg cGo
r6\ofªsf] ;dodf ;ts{ /xf}+
d' n ' s x¿af6 ;Dej gb] v ] k l5
Pd;L;Ldfkm{ t \ g] k fnaf6 rLgnfO{
3]/faGwL ug{ ;xof]u gfdsf] rf/f]
kmfn]sf] atfP . pgn] eg] –æ7'nf zlQm
/fi6«sf] 6s/fjsf sf/0f g]kfn hl6n
df]8df plePsf] 5 k|ltudg x'g] vt/f
5 . clxn] /fh;:yf k'gM:yfkgf x'g]
r6\ofªaf6 aRg] pkfoM
xNnf rln/x] s f] 5 obL g] k fndf
k|ltudgsf/Lx¿sf] if8\oGqnfO{ a'‰g
;lsPg eg] Tof] ;Dej gxf]nf eGg
Ø lah'nL rDs]sf] a]nf ;ts{ /xg] .
g;lsg] l:ylt 5 . clxn] s f] d' V o
cGtlj{/f]w /fhgLlts bnx¿sf]aLrdf
Ø ljB'tLo t/+u l6Kg ;Sg] kmnfd, lr;f] j:t' g5'g] .
geO cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbaf6 ;+/lIft
bnfn k'FhLjfbL Joj:yf / hgtfsf]
Ø lah'nL rDs]sf] s]xL ;do;Dd kfgL k/]sf] If]qdf glg:sg].
;dfhjfbL Joj:yfaLrsf] xf] .
;fd|fHojfbn] g]kfnsf] sDo'lgi6 l5Gg
Ø ;s];Dd 3/leq} ‰ofn9f]sf aGb u/]/ ;'Vvf 7fp“df a:g] .
leGg kfg]{ if8\oGq ub}{5 To;}sf] /Iffsf]
nflu sDo' l g:6 qmflGtsf/Lx¿sf]
Ø v'Nnf 7fp“df eP s'g} 3/ cyjf jegdf l5g]{ .
df]rf{aGbL h?/L 5 .Æ
g] t f cfhfb ;Ln] g] k fndf
Ø ;se/ cUnf] :yfgdf a:g] .
glhlsPsf] k|ltudgsf] vt/f 6fNg /
bnfn Aoj:yfnfO{ kmfn] / g] k fnL
Ø wft'sf Xof08n, r]g ePsf Jofu jf cGo ;fdfg k|of]u
ljz]iftfsf] ;dfhjfb :yfkgfsf lglDt
kf6L{n] $ ldqju{ $ ldqzQmL / ^
gug{]{ .
ldq ;d'bfosf] cjwf/0ff cl3 ;f/]sf]
atfpFb} eg]– …kf6L{n] clxn] g]kfndf
b]lvPsf] k|ltudgsf] vt/faf6 b]znfO{
d' Q m ug{ sDo' l g:6, ;dfhjfbL,
g] k fn ;/sf/
lj1fkg af]8{
b] z eQm nf] s tGqjfbL zlQmx¿;F u
;xsfo{ Pstf ug{ km/flsnf] df]rf{
lgdf{0fsf] cjwf/0ff cl3 ;f/]sf] 5
To;sf] pbfx/0f $ kf6L{ aLrsf]
;dfhjfbL df]rf{ xf] .Æ
g]tf cfhfb ;Ln] kf6L{sf] clxn]sf]
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