Theo d bo ca Cng ty Nghin cu Th trng Datamonitor (Anh), th trng nc ung ng chai Vit Nam s t tng doanh thu khong

279 triu USD vo cui nm 2014, tng trng bnh qun 6%/nm trong giai on 2009-2014, tng sn lng ton th trng c t trn 307 triu lt. Nu ch da vo nhng con s nu trn, rt nhiu ngi s cho rng sn xut nc ung ng chai l hot ng siu li nhun. Thc t c phi nh vy?

lm r vn ny, chng ti trao i vi ng L Dng, ngi sng lp v l cu CEO Cng ty TNHH Thng mi v Sn xut Minh Vit, n v sn xut nc ung Spavia, mt thng hiu nc tinh khit ng chai kh c ting trn a bn H Ni. Di y l cc bc cn thit m mi cng ty sn xut nc ung ng chai cn thc hin xy dng, tn ti v pht trin. I. Nghin c u th tr ng Phn khc th trng nc ung ng chai tng i a dng. C hng ch nhm vo phn khc bnh dn, bn cho qun cm, nh dn hay phc v cho cng nhn cng trng th gi rt r. Cn ln mt tm cao hn, c thng hiu mnh nh Lavie th gi li c s chnh lch rt ln. Chnh v nhu cu ca th trng cc k ln v rt a dng nn cc doanh nghip sn xut nc ung ng chai ua nhau mc ln. Ti thi im nm 2005 - thi k c coi l cc thnh, trm hoa ua n ca lnh vc sn xut nc ung ng chai, ring H Ni c khong 300 c s sn xut nc ung ng chai. Doanh nghip ny ng ca th li c doanh nghip mi mc ra. c hn nhng lng m nh no cng l mt c s sn xut nc tinh khit vi nhng ci tn nhi na n nhau.

ng Dng cho bit: "Nhiu ngi ngh rng c ht nc ln, qua lc l c th em bn ly tin. C thi im nc ung cn t hn xng. Thi im ti bt u lm trong lnh vc ny, gi xng mc 10.000 VND/lt, trong khi 1 chai nc 0,5 lt cng tm khong 6.000 VND. Nh vy hai chai nc ung t hn 1 lt xng. Mi ngi vn ngh c bm nc ngm ln, bn ly tin th qu "ngon" ri. Chnh v lm tng nh vy m c thi im ngi ta ua nhau lm vic . Tt nhin khi nhy vo lnh vc ny cng khng phi l n gin". II. Quy trnh s n xu t n c u ng ng chai "Sn xut nc ung ng chai cng l mt cch lm giu", ng Dng khng nh. "Tuy nhin lnh vc ny i hi bn phi u t nhiu cng sc, s t m v c chin thut kinh doanh". 1. Tm ngu n n c Ty theo quy m sn xut, nh u t c th chn ngun nc thch hp. Nu sn xut vi khi lng ln, nn chn ngun nc ging ngm. Nc ngm thng c cht lng n nh, thun tin cho vic x l v chi phi thp hn so vi x l cc ngun nc khc. c ngun nc ngm khng b nhim khun, hm lng kim loi nng, phenol, cht phng x nm trong tiu chun nc sinh hot l rt kh nn trc khi a vo sn xut, bt buc phi lm xt nghim tng th. Vi c im a l min Bc, c khoan 30 - 40 mt c nc ri, ch c iu nc y c th s dng lm nguyn liu cho nc ung ng bnh hay khng th li l cu chuyn tip theo. 2. Khoan gi ng, xt nghi m n c Sau khi khoan ging, bn cn mang mu nc i xt nghim, kim tra cc ch tiu l, ha v vi sinh. Thng l c khong 46 ch tiu c bn x l. Khng c ngun nc no ging ngun nc no. ng Dng cho bit, vic xt nghim ngun nc ging nh i khm bnh, phi bt bnh mi tin hnh k n thuc c. Cng vic tip theo l bn phi xy dng mt quy trnh iu chnh cc ch s ha, l, vi sinh v theo ng bng tiu chun. iu phi cn mt h thng. V lm c iu ny bn phi thu chuyn gia t vn. Ngay c vic i kim ngun nc, ng Dng khuyn mi ngi nn tm chuyn gia tit kim chi ph khoan thm d nhiu ni. Trc y lm trong ngnh, ng gn nh c mt tm bn v cc ngun nc tt H Ni.

Tm li quy trnh nh sau:

Khoan -> Ly mu -> Xt nghim -> Xy dng quy trnh x l -> D ton + Thit k -> Thi cng + mua thit b.

3. L a ch n a i m Ngun nc bn khai thc u th a im nh my cng phi c t ti . Din tch ti thiu cho mt c s sn xut nc ung khong 200 - 300 m2. 4. Cc th t c ng k kinh doanh Sau khi xt nghim xong bn mi i lm cc th tc v ng k kinh doanh, thnh lp doanh nghip. bn c loi nc ny bn cn hon tt cc th tc cp php nh bn cng b tiu chun, cht lng; Giy chng nhn c s t tiu chun v sinh an ton thc phm; Giy chng nhn bn quyn thng hiu; S hu tr tu; Giy chng nhn cng nhn c o to, Giy khm sc khe, ng k nhn mc,... Phi mt khong 1 thng hon tt cc loi giy t ny tin hnh bn nc mt cch hp php. 5. Mua s m thi t b c c quy trnh x l ph hp vi iu kin ti chnh, bn phi mua sm trang thit b, la chn nh thu ri tin hnh kho gi cn thn. Vi nhiu nm kinh nghim cng tc ti Vin Khoa hc Vit Nam - chuyn nghin cu v x l nc, ng Dng t ln quy trnh v mua my mc thit b, ng thi thu th v thi cng. ng cho bit, ln c quy trnh ny mt khong 2 thng. Sau khi thi cng xong, bn phi cho chy th h thng ri li tin hnh ly mu xt nghim xem nc t tiu chun cha iu chnh. Nhng nu chun b tt t khu u tin, kt qu xt nghim ra gn nh l t yu cu lun. Trang thit b phc v cho nc ung ng chai gm nh xng, kho cha (thnh phm, v bnh, cc nguyn liu khc). Ty theo mc u t m bn s c nhng la chn khc nhau.

Ngoi ra, bn cng cn sm camera di xng - trong phng sn xut, ni phi c v trng k lng. Nhn vin lm vic phng ny phi c trang b o blouse, gng tay, khu trang, i m, i ng trng. Bn phi quy nh nhn vin trc khi vo lm vic phng ny phi c kh trng k lng, bt n cc tm,... Do vy phi c h thng camera tin theo di v nhc nh nhn vin kp thi. 6. Xy d ng quy trnh x l Sau khi la chn c ngun nc ngm c cht lng n nh, bn phi tri qua mt s cng on x l sau:

Kh st, mangan:
Nc c chy qua b lc vi vt liu l cc cht c kh nng xy ha mnh chuyn st 2 thnh st 3, kt ta v c x ra ngoi. Qu trnh ny cng ng thi x l mangan v mi hi ca kh H2S (nu c). Sau , nc c a vo sn xut hoc tip tc phi x l.

Lm mm, kh khong
Nc th c x l lc qua h trao i ion (Cation-Anion), c tc dng lc nhng ion dng (Cation): Mg2+, Ca2+, Fe3+, Fe2+, v nhng ion m (Anion) nh: Cl-, NO3-, NO2-,... Nc c x l qua h thng ny s c a vo bn cha hoc tip tc c x l.

Lc th, kh mi kh mu
Dng b lc t ng xc x vi nhiu lp vt liu loi b bt cn th trn 5 micron, kh mi v mu (nu c). Cc giai on trn thc cht l bo v, tng tui th ca h thng mng RO trong cng on sn xut chnh sau y.

Lc thm thu ngc

Nc c bm (cao p) qua h thng mng thm thu ngc (Reverse Osmosis). Ty theo ch iu chnh, mng RO s cho khong 25 - 75% lng nc tinh khit i qua nhng l lc cc nh, ti 0.001 micron. Phn nc cn li, c cha nhng tp cht, nhng ion kim loi ... s c x b hoc c thu hi quay vng. Phn nc tinh khit khng cn vi khun, virus v cc loi khong cht t tiu chun nc ng chai s c tch tr trong bn cha kn.

Ti dit khun bng tia cc tm

Trong qu trnh lu tr, nc tinh khit c kh nng b nhim khun t khng kh nn trc khi ng chai rt cn ti tit trng bng tia UV (Ultra-violet light) dit khun. Sau a qua h thng lc tinh 0,2m loi b xc vi khun (nu c).

Giai on cui: ng chai

Sau khi qua tt c cc quy trnh trn, nc c bm ra h thng chit rt ng chai. III. Xy d ng, qu n l nhn s v thnh ph m Nh tt c cc cng ty khc, i ng nhn s ca cng ty bn cng cn c khi hnh chnh: k ton, nhn vin vn phng, cng nhn sn xut, nhn vin giao hng. Cng vic bn hng c c th l "nht tin l" nn i hi s t m. Trung bnh mt bnh nc 20 lt bn vi gi 20-30 nghn ng. Nu khng bit cch qun l khu ny, hot ng kinh doanh ca bn s b thua l.

Bn cnh chi ph in n nhn mc, bn cn c bit lu tm n chi ph chit khu. Nhiu khi bn phi ct ti 20-30% hoa hng cho khch hng cnh tranh vi i tc. C nhng thi im chp nhn bn l y i tc khc ra. Lm kinh doanh lnh vc ny nu khng c chin lc bi bn th rt mt, thm ch phi chm sc tng khch hng mt. i vi nhn vin, ca ra vo cng cn lp camera theo di hng xut kho. Nhiu khi nhn vin kinh doanh c th cu kt vi th kho, bo v, ch hng v chia nhau. l nhng l hng trong khu qun l. ng Dng chia s: Mt doanh nghip cng ging nh mt x hi thu nh, nhiu khi mnh phi ng ra lm quan ta cho nhng xung t. iu i hi ngi qun l phi bit i nhn x th, uy quyn, kinh nghim. Ln hn, ngi ch doanh nghip phi x l c cc pha cnh tranh khng lnh mnh, hoc khch hng tr chng. C ln cng ty ng Dng bn nc cho mt khu cng nghip, ni c rt nhiu nh my. Khi bn c cho mt khch hng, nu chm sc tt bn c th c c mt h thng. Ngc li, nu mt ngi chm sc khng tt bn c th b mt lun c "dy". C nhng thi gian ng Dng b khng hong, mt n mt ng v mt tnh hung khch hng ku ca nc ung c mi. Kim tra ra mi bit t ng mi sc ra h thng nhng cha x k nc u. Theo nguyn l, h thng lc sau khi s dng mt thi gian phi hon nguyn n bng cch sc ra bng van vi v cho iu khin h thng lung nc o, ly cn theo mt ng thot ra ngoi. ng suy on rt c th nhn vin ca mnh lm u. Khi b da lp bin bn, kin co ng phi tm mi cch chng minh, xin li gi c khch hng. Nu khng lm c iu , bn s mt mt ngun thu rt ln ca doanh nghip. Mt ln khc, ng Dng b chi xu khi khch hng gi in thng bo bnh bn ra c b gy v vn bnh m. Nhng ng qu bit h thng lc nc ca mnh khng th lt nhng vt qua. Khi , ng vn xc nhn bnh nc c nhng vt ni trn nhng trong tnh trng m ri. ng ni vi khch hng tin hnh xt nghim ba mu nc: mt mu nc cha vt l, mt mu nc trong kho v mt mu bn trn th trng cng ngy sn xut. Chi ph xt nghim ng s chu. Nu nh xt nghim ra hai mu nc trn th trng ging nhau v mu nc trong bnh ch khch hng l khc, tc l bn cng ty khch hng vu khng, lm nh hng n cng vic kinh doanh. Cn li, nu hai bnh nc kia ging bnh nc ca khch hng, cng ty s chu ton b chi ph n b thit hi. n lc mnh cng quyt nh vy khch hng mi chn li, khng k bin bn na. Khi truy ra mi bit trong vn phng cng ty khch hng c nhn vin mun a nc ca ngi nh vo, y nc ca mnh ra bng cch chi xu nh vy. y l mt tnh hung t gp trong sch gio khoa, i hi ngi ch phi ng bin kp thi. l mt "ca" m ng Dng cho l mnh thot him ngon mc trong thi gian kinh doanh nc ung. Tuy nhin, ni nhng kh khn nu trn khng c ngha s cn tr doanh nghip bn lm n pht t v giu c. Trung Quc c hng nc ung Wahaha bn cho c t nc v ng ch tp on Tng Khnh Hu tr thnh ngi giu nht. Minh chng cho thy, mi cng vic u c nhng kh khn nhng nu bn c t cht v chin lc ng n th bn vn c th thnh cng.

Nc ung Spavia
lm c iu , bn cn c nhng chin lc qung b cho thng hiu ca mnh. Bin php cho nhn vin ri t ri, mi khch hng dng th, cho nhn vin kinh doanh n tng vn phng thuyt phc khch hng ri lm bo co, bo gi c ng s dng trit . Phi mt khong 2 nm ng Dng mi c c lng khch hng tng i trung thnh vi ngun thu n nh. Thi gian u khi nghip, ng Dng phi t mnh lm mi vic t nhn vin trc in thoi, bo v, cng nhn, nhn vin giao hng. ng Dng cho bit, nu mun "sng cht" vi ngh kinh doanh nc ung, bn phi xc nh sau 5 nm na n l ci g, n c pht trin v snh ngang vi Lavie, Lashka, Aquafina hay khng.