Domiciline katakombe

Jurica Triplat
29.04.2014
Sveuilite u Zagrebu
Filozofski fakultet
Odsjek za arheologiju

Openito
Uz cestu Via Ardeatina

Prva istraivanja 1873. god. - G. B. de Rossi

Poetak koritenja ovog prostora kao katakombi: 2. st ili kraj 3. st ?

Flavia Domitilla, nedakinja cara Domicijana (81-96 g.) i eni konzula
Flavija Klemensa (Flavius Clemens)

Godine 95. n. Kr. Flavije Klemens umire tijekom Domicijanovih
progona, dok je Domicila bila prognana

Cassius Dio, Historiae Romanae (LXVII 14)

http://www.catacombsociety.org/mapframes.html
Mancinelli Fabrizio, Catacombes et basiliques. Les premiers
chrtiens Rome, Firenze: Scala, 1981, str. 25, fig. 47
Hipogej Flavijevaca
kroz 2. st. Flavijevci u svrhu vlastitih ukopa daju konstruiraju
niz povezanih poganskih hipogeja koje u 4. st. (terminus ante
quem) nanovo koriste krdani te ih povezuju s katakombama
koje tek tad dobivaju naziv Dimiciline
http://www.domitilla.info/idx.htm?var1=doc
s/gallery2.htm
http://www.domitilla.i
nfo/idx.htm?var1=docs
/gallery2.htm

Bazilika
poetkom 4.st. relikvije muenika Nereja i Ahileja dopremljene
su u kriptu (kubikul) koju de papa Damas (366-384) ubrzo
prenamjeniti u manju kamenu baziliku koju dodatno proiruje
papa Siricije (384-399)

Trobrodna bazilika s dva reda stupova

U manjem kubikulu neposredno iza apside ove bazilike nalazi
se tzv. arkosolij Sv. Venerande i Petronile
Nereus et Achilleus, martyres.
Militiae nomen dederant saevumque gerebant
officium pariter spectantes iussa tyranni
praeceptis pulsante metu servire parati.
Mira fides rerum: subito posuere furorem
conversi fugiunt. Ducis inpia castra relinquunt,
proiciunt clipeos faleras telaque cruenta
confessi gaudent Christi portare triumfos.
Credite per Damasum possit quid gloria Christi
Nereus and Achilleus, martyrs.
They had given their name for
the military and
carried out their bloody term
of service, heeding the orders
of the tyrant, ready to
follow his orders with driven
dread. The fulfillment of the
thing is marvelous:
suddenly they place aside
their battle-rage, they turn
and flee. They leave the
impious camp of their dux,
they hurl off their shields,
their kit, their cruel weapons,
having confessed they are
glad to carry the trophies of
Christ. Believe through
Damasus what the glory of
Christ can do.
Epitaf je nastao u vrijeme gradnje bazilike te je postavljen kao
dio grobova muenika Nereja i Ahileja

Bitnije od napisanog teksta jest spomenik sam po sebi, a
paralele ovakvom tipu izraavanja prepoznajemo i danas

Primjer toga bili bi spomenici podignuti u
komemoraciju ratnim stradanjima

1. Osim funkcije isticanja imena pojedinaca
2. Funkcija reminisciranja na prolost mnogo drugaiju od
sadanjosti u cilju odravanja kolektivnog sjedanja, ali i
idealiziranja prolosti
Mancinelli Fabrizio, Catacombes et basiliques. Les premiers
chrtiens Rome, Firenze: Scala, 1981, str. 25, fig. 47
http://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2009/S
CHEIBLAUER-2009-IDCE/SCHEIBLAUER-2009- IDCE-
Paper.pdf

Freske
1. Orfej / Krist kao Orfej


2. Dobri pastir


3. Venerandin akrosolij


4. Krist kao uitelj / filozof

1. Orfej / Krist kao Orfej

Margaret Jensen, Understanding Early Christian Art,
Routledge Lodon and New York, 2000, str. 41 sl. 8
2. Dobri pastir

Jeffrey Spiers, Picturing the Bible. The Earliest Christian art. Yale
University Press, 2008, str. 189 sl. 20
3. Venerandin akrosolij

http://www.domitilla.info/idx.htm?var1=doc
s/gallery2.htm
Jeffrey Spiers, Picturing the Bible. The Earliest Christian art. Yale
University Press, 2008, str. 57 sl. 44
http:
//ww
w.do
mitill
a.info
/idx.h
tm?v
ar1=
docs/
galler
y2.ht
m
4. Krist kao uitelj / filozof

Jeffrey Spiers, Picturing the Bible.
The Earliest Christian art. Yale
University Press, 2008, str. 183 sl. 11
Mancinelli Fabrizio, Catacombes et
basiliques. Les premiers chrtiens
Rome, Firenze: Scala, 1981, str. 26 sl. 50
Popis literature
JENSEN Margaret, Understanding Early Christian Art, Routledge Lodon and
New York, 2000.
JENSEN Margaret, Face to face. Portraits of the Divine in Early Christianity,
Fortress Press - Minneapolis, 2005.
LITTLECHILDS Rebecca Leigh, The epitaphs of Damasus and the transferable
value of persecution for the Christian community at Rome in the fourth-century
AD, B.A., University of Saskatchewan, 2008.
MANCINELLI Fabrizio, Catacombes et basiliques. Les premiers chrtiens
Rome, Firenze: Scala, 1981.
MARUCCHI Orazzo, Manuale di archeologia cristiana. Roma: Descle & c.
editori pontifici, 1933.
MILBURN Robert, Early Christian Art and Architecture, University of
California Press Berkely and Los Angeles, 1988.
SPIERS Jeffrey, Picturing the Bible. The Earliest Christian art. Yale University
Press, 2008.
STEVENSON Jeffrey, The Catacombs, Rediscovered monuments of early
Christianity, Thames and Hudson Ltd, London 1978.
WEBB Matilda, The Churches and Catacombs of Early Christian Rome: A
Comprehensive Guide, Sussex Academic Press Brighton, 2001.