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425-Doubly Reinforced Beam Design-S11
425-Doubly Reinforced Beam Design-S11
Increased Ductility
Eases in Fabrication
- Use corner bars to hold & anchor
stirrups.
Effect of Compression
Reinforcement
Compare the strain distribution in two beams
with the same As
Effect of Compression
Reinforcement
Section 1: Section 2:
T As f s T As f s
As f s As f s 0.85 f c ba2
c1 As f s 0.85 f c b1c2
0.85 f c b1
As f s As f s
c2
0.85 f c b1
Addition of As strengthens compression zone so that less
concrete is needed to resist a given value of T. NA
goes up (c2 <c1) and s increases (s2 >s1).
Doubly Reinforced
Beams
Four Possible Modes of Failure
Under reinforced Failure
( Case 1 ) Compression and tension steel
yields
( Case 2 ) Only tension steel yields
Over reinforced Failure
( Case 3 ) Only compression steel yields
( Case 4 ) No yielding Concrete crushes
Analysis of Doubly
Reinforced Rectangular
Sections
Strain Compatibility Check
Assume s using similar
triangles
s 0.003
c d ' c
c d '
* 0.003
s
c
Analysis of Doubly
Reinforced Rectangular
Sections
Strain Compatibility
Using equilibrium and find a
As As fy
T Cc Cs a
0.85 f cb
a As As f y ' d f y
c
1 1 0.85 f cb 1 0.85 f c
Analysis of Doubly
Reinforced Rectangular
Sections
Strain Compatibility
The strain in the compression
steel is
d
s 1 cu
c
1 0.85 f c d
1 0.003
' d f y
Analysis of Doubly
Reinforced Rectangular
Sections
Strain Compatibility
Confirm
fy
s y ; s y
Es
1 0.85 f c d fy fy
s 1 0.003
' d f y 3
E s 29 x 10 ksi
Analysis of Doubly
Reinforced Rectangular
Sections
Strain Compatibility
Confirm
1 0.85 f c d f y 87
' d f y 87
1 0.85 f c d 87
'
87 f
d f y y
Analysis of Doubly
Reinforced Rectangular
Sections
Find c
As f y 0.85 f c ba As f y
Ass As fy
c a 1c
0.85 f c b 1
d c fy
s cu y
c Es
Analysis of Doubly
Reinforced Rectangular
Sections
If the statement is true than
a
M n As As f y d As f y d d
2
else the strain in the compression steel
f s E s
Analysis of Doubly
Reinforced Rectangular
Sections
Return to the original equilibrium equation
As f y As f s 0.85 f cba
AsEs s 0.85 f cb 1c
d
AsEs 1 cu 0.85 f cb 1c
c
Analysis of Doubly
Reinforced Rectangular
Sections
Rearrange the equation and find a quadratic equation
d
As f y AsEs 1 cu 0.85 f cb 1c
c
0.85 f cb 1c AsEs cu As f y c AsEs cu d 0
2
d d
f s 1 Es cu 1 87 ksi
c c
Check the tension steel.
d c fy
s cu y
c Es
Analysis of Doubly
Reinforced Rectangular
Sections
Another option is to compute the stress in the
compression steel using an iterative method.
3 1 0.85 f c d
f s 29 x 10 1 0.003
' d f
y
Analysis of Doubly
Reinforced Rectangular
Sections
Go back and calculate the equilibrium with fs
T C C a
Af s y As f s
0.85 f cb
c s
a
M n As f y As f s d As f s d d
2
Limitations on Reinforcement
Ratio for Doubly Reinforced
beams
Lower limit on
3 f c 200
min (ACI 10.5)
fy fy
200 200
0.00333
fy 60000
3 fc 3 4000
or 0.00316
fy 60000
c 2.5969c 3.8884 0
2
2.5969 4 3.8884
2
2.5969
c
2
c 3.6595 in.
Example: Doubly Reinforced
Section
Find the fs
d
2.5 in.
f s 1 Es cu 1 87 ksi
c 3.659 in.
27.565 ksi
c
As f y As fs
2.4 in 60 ksi 0.62 in 27.565 ksi
2 2
a
M n As f y As f s d As f s d d
2
2.4 in 2 60 ksi 0.85 3.659 in.
15.5 in.
0.62 in 2
27.565 ksi
2
0.62 in 2 27.565 ksi 15.5 in. 2.5 in.
Single Tee
Twin Tee
Box