TRANPORT ACROSS THE MEMBRANE

GURVINDER k. sandhu
s.y. bsc

Roll no. 1624407

INCHARGE PARIMITA
SUBMITTED TO: SHARMA MAM

SHANTA MAM
AJAY SINGH SIR
MANOJ JOTWANI SIR
INTRODUCTION
A membrane which allows the passage of a
solvent but not of solute is called semi
permeable membrane.

A membrane which permits one substance to

pass more easily than another is said to be
selectively permeable membrane.

A selectively permeable membrane allows the

passage of both solvent and solute.
MECHANISMS BY WHICH TRANSPORT TAKES PLACE

Transport is an important function of the cell .The mechanism

by which molecules are transported across the membrane
depending on concentration gradient are

Osmosis

DIFFUSION
Simple diffusion

Molecules such as oxygen, carbon

dioxide, and ethanol move across the
membranes by simple diffusion, i.e.
from a region of high concentration to
low concentration

Simple diffusion can be disrupted if

diffusion distance increase.
Factors affecting diffusion of
solutes

SOLUTE SIZE

SOLUTE POLARITY

ION PERMEABILITY
OSMOSIS
Osmosis is the diffusion of water or solvent across
a semi permeable membrane from region of its
high concentration to that of low concentration.
It is the net movement of solvent molecules from
the region of lower to higher solute concentration
across a membrane.
Types of solution

Osmotic movement of water in and out of cell

is due to the concentration of solute. There
are mainly three types of solution that are:

HYPERTONIC SOLUTION
HYPOTONIC SOLUTION
ISOTONIC SOLUTION
 Hypertonic solution: A solution with higher solute
concentration than that inside a cell .

Hypotonic solution: A solution with lower solute

concentration than that inside a cell.

Isotonic solution: A solution with same solute

concentration in and out a cell.
eFFECT OF HYPERTONIC SOLUTION

If the concentration of solute is higher than

that of cell that is hypertonic. Then hypertonic
solution will cause the water to move outside
from the cell and cell will get shrink.
eFFECT OF HYPOTONIC SOLUTION

If the concentration of the solute is lower than

that of cell that is HYPOTONIC SOLUTION.
This will cause the water from outside to come
inside the cell and the cell will get swollen.
AFFECT OF ISOTONIC

If the concentration of the solute is same

inside and outside of the cell then in this
there will be no flow of water inside or
outside the cell.The cell will remain
unchanged.
Types of transport

Active transport

Passive transport
PASSIVE transport

PASSIVE TRANSPORT:
Many molecules can move across the
membrane without any requirement of
energy and this is called the passive
transport.
Simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion
and osmosis are modes of passive
transport.
Active transport

Active transport requires chemical

energy because it is movement of
solutes from areas of lower
concentration to areas of higher
concentration.
Acknowledgement

We would like to thank parimita Sharma

madam, Shanta mam, Manoj sir, Ajay
sir of zoology department of R.k.T
college of Mumbai university for giving
this power point presentation.
Thank you