The one line diagram of a simple three-bus power system is shown in

the Figure 4.1. Each generator is represented by an emf behind the

transient reactance. All impedances are expressed in per unit in a
common 100 MVA base, and for simplicity, resistances are neglected.
The following assumption are made:
 shunt capacitances are neglected and the system is considered on
no load.
 all generators are running at their rated voltage and rated frequency
with their emf in phase
Determine the fault current, the bus voltages and the line currents
during the fault when a balanced three-phase fault with a fault
impedance Zf = j0.16 p.u. fault occurs on bus 3
 j0.1. j0.2

j0.1 j0.2
j0.8
1 2

j0.4 j0.4

3
 SOLUTION
Fault on bus 3

j0.2 j0.4
j0.8
1 2

j0.4 j0.4
3

Zf = j0.16
 SOLUTION
Thevenin’s theorem states that j0.2 j0.4
the changes in the network j0.8
voltages caused by the added
branch (the fault impedance) is 1 2
equivalent to those caused by the
added voltage V3(0) with all other
sources short-circuited. j0.4 j0.4

All prefault voltages are 3

assumed to be equal to 1.0 per
unit:
Vth = V3(0)

V1(0) = V2(0) = V3(0) = 1.0 pu I3(F) Zf = j0.16

Thevenin’s equivalent network

 SOLUTION
j0.2 j0.4
 using ∆ to Y transformation

X 1s 
 j 0.4 j 0.8 1 2

 j1.6 j0.2 j0.2

 j 0.2 p.u.

X 2s 
 j 0.4 j 0.8
 j1.6 j0.1

 j 0.2 p.u. 3

X 3s 
 j 0.4 j 0.4 Vth
 j1.6
 j 0.1 p.u. I3(F) j0.16
 SOLUTION
 combining the parallel branches, Thevenin
impedance is
j0.24

Z 33 
 j 0.4 j 0.6  j 0.1
j 0.4  j 0.6
j0.1
 j 0.24  j 0.1 p.u.
 j0.34 3
Vth
Z33 is the Thevenin impedance viewed
From the faulted bus. I3(F) j0.16
 SOLUTION
 From figure, the fault current is:

V3 F 
I 3 F   Z33 = j0.34
Z 33  Z F
1.0 3

j0.34  j0.16 Vth
  j2.0 p.u.
I3(F) j0.16
 SOLUTION
• The current division between the two generators are
  j 2p.u.    j1.2p.u.
j 0.6
I G1 
j 0.4  j0.6
  j 2p.u.    j 0.8p.u.
j 0.4
IG2 
j 0.4  j0.6

• The bus voltage changes

V1  0   j0.2 j1.2  0.24 p.u.
V2  0   j0.4 j0.8  0.32 p.u.
V3   j 0.16 j 2  1  0.68 p.u.
 SOLUTION
 The bus voltages during the fault
V1 F   V1 0  V1  1  0.24  0.76p.u.
V2 F   V2 0  V2  1  0.32  0.68p.u.
V3 F   V3 0  V3  1  0.68  0.32p.u.

 The short circuit line current are

V1 F   V2 F  0.76  0.68
I12 F      j 0.1p.u.
z12 j 0.8
V1 F   V3 F  0.76  0.32
I13 F      j1.1p.u.
z13 j 0.4
V2 F   V3 F  0.68  0.32
I 23 F      j 0.9p.u.
z 23 j 0.4