INTRODUCTION

TO CHEMISTRY
R O S A N N E C . S A N D OVA L , R P H
• Chemistry
• Matter
• Properties of substance
• solubility
• Atoms
• Theories
• Mass number
• Types of reaction
CHEMISTRY

• Study of the structure, properties, composition, and changes in matter.

• Matter- anything that has mass, occupies space, and has volume.

State Solid Liquid Gas

Shape Definite Indefinite Indefinite
Volume Definite Definite Indefinite
Intramolecular Srongest Strong Weak
forces of Attraction
Molecular motion Vibration Flowing Constant random
motion
MATTER

matter

Pure
mixture
substance

elements compound homogenous heterogenous

PROPERTIES OF SUBSTANCES

• Intrinsic/intensive- independent of mass or amount

• Extrinsic/extensive- dependent on mass or amount

• Chemical properties- observed when substances takes part in a chemical reaction, a change
that converts it into a new substance.
• Physical properties- observed without changing the chemical identity of substance.
SOLUBILITY

• The process in which a solute dissolves in solvent ordinarily a physical rather than a chemical change.
Factors affecting solubility:
1. Nature of the solute and solvent
2. Temperature
1. Exothermic
2. Endothermic
3. Pressure
4. Particle size
5. Presence of salt
1. Salting out
2. Salting in
ATOMS
ATOM

• Basic unit of matter

• Elements are composed of tiny particles called an atom
• The smallest particle of an element that can enter into a chemical reaction.

1. Electron
2. Protons
3. neutron
THEORIES 1st assignment- discuss the following
theories

• John Dalton- Billiard ball theory

• J.J Thomson/Thompson- raisin bread/plum pudding model
• Ernest rutherfurd- protons (Gold foil/film experiment)
• Goldstein- protons
• Niels Bohr- planetary model
• Erwin Schrodinger- quantum mechanics model
• Jades Chadwick - neutron
MASS NUMBER

• PROTONS + NEUTRON = MASS NUMBER

• NO. OF PROTONS- NO. OF NEUTRONS= CHARGE
• PROTONS- CHARGE= ELECTRONS
 SIMILARITIES DIFFERENCE
ISOTOPES PROTON NEUTRONS
ISOTONES NEUTRON PROTONS
ISOBARS MASS NUMBER ELEMENT
ISOMER CHEMICAL FORMULA CHEMICAL STRUCTURE

2nd assignment- search 5 examples for each term

T YPES OF
REACTION
TYPES OF REACTION
3rd assignment- search 5 examples for each
chemical reaction mentioned

GENERAL EQUATION
Combination A+B AB
Decomposition AB A+B
Single displacement A + BC AC + B
Double displacement AB + CD AD + BC
Combustion Complete: CO2
Incomplete: CO
Neutralization Acid + base Salt + Water
QUIZ
EXPLAIN:

GENERAL EQUATION
Combination
Decomposition
Single displacement
Double displacement
Combustion
Neutralization