UNIVERSITAS TEKNOKRAT INDONESIA

Fakultas Sastra dan Ilmu Pendidikan

GCF and LCM

Mathematics for Elementary Students
Faculty of Arts and Education
(SISTEM PEMBELAJARAN DALAM JARINGAN)

CONTACT US baakfsip@teknokrat.ac.id @fsipteknokrat (0721) 784945

MATHEMATICS FOR ELEMENTARY STUDENTS

Greatest Common Factor

• What is the difference between a

factor and a multiple?
• Give me an example of a factor of
10

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Least Common Multiples

• Give me an example of a
multiple of 10
• What is the difference between a
factor and a multiple?

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MATHEMATICS FOR ELEMENTARY STUDENTS

GCF
How would you find the
GCF of 24 and 36?

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MATHEMATICS FOR ELEMENTARY STUDENTS

Methods to find GCF

There are actually 3 ways. You can use

• List Method
• Prime Factorization
• Birthday Cake/Ladder Method

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MATHEMATICS FOR ELEMENTARY STUDENTS

List Method
GCF 24 and 36

24 -1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24

36 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36

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MATHEMATICS FOR ELEMENTARY STUDENTS

Prime factorization method.

Circle all the primes the 2 numbers have in common
and multiply one set of them to get your GCF.
36
24

2 18
2 12

2 9
2 6

3 3
2
3
GCF:
2 x 2 x 3 = 12
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MATHEMATICS FOR ELEMENTARY STUDENTS

Birthday Cake or Ladder Method

36
24
2 12 2 18 GCF
2 X 2 X 3 = 12
2 6
2 9
3 2
3 3

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MATHEMATICS FOR ELEMENTARY STUDENTS

Least Common Multiple (LCM)

There are 3 ways to find the LCM.

• List the multiples of the numbers
• Prime Factorization
• Birthday Cake/Ladder Method
• Multiply the numbers times each other and
divide by the GCF

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MATHEMATICS FOR ELEMENTARY STUDENTS

LIST METHOD

• Multiples of 12 are…
12,24,36,48,60,72,….

• Multiples of 18 are…
18,36,54,72,90,108,…
The smallest multiple the 2 numbers have in
common is the least common multiple.

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MATHEMATICS FOR ELEMENTARY STUDENTS
Prime factorization. Write down the number they
have in common only once, then write down the
leftover numbers. Multiply them all together.

12 18
Numbers in common
are 2 and 3
3 4 9
2 Leftover numbers are 2
and 3
2 2 3 3 2 x 3 x 2 x 3 = 36

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MATHEMATICS FOR ELEMENTARY STUDENTS

DIVIDE BY GCF METHOD

Find LCM of 12 and 18
1st Find GCF – list all factors or use your
favorite method.
12 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12
18 – 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18
2nd Multiply 12 x 18 = 216
3rd Divide 216 ÷ 6 = 36

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Example 1

• Samantha has two pieces of cloth. One piece

is 72 inches wide and the other piece is 90
inches wide. She wants to cut both pieces into
strips of equal width that are as wide as
possible. How wide should she cut the strips?

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MATHEMATICS FOR ELEMENTARY STUDENTS

GCF Word Problem Solution

2 l 72 2 l 90
2 l 36 3 l 45
2 l 18 3 l 15
3l9 5l5
3l3 1
1

72 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3
90 = 2 x 3 x 3 x 5

GCF = 2 x 3 x 3 = 18
Samantha should cut each piece to be 18 inches wide

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MATHEMATICS FOR ELEMENTARY STUDENTS

Example 2
• Ben exercises every 12 days and Isabel every 8
days. Ben and Isabel both exercised today.
How many days will it be until they exercise
together again?

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MATHEMATICS FOR ELEMENTARY STUDENTS

LCM Word Problem Solution

2 l 12 2l8
2l6 2l4
3l3 2l2

1 1
12 = 2 x 2 x 3
8=2x2x2
LCM = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 = 24

Ben and Isabel would exercise on the same day every 24 days.

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