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GEODETIC ENGINEERING LAW (RA 8560)
AN ACT REGULATING THE PRACTICE OF GEODETINC
ENGINEERING IN THE PHILIPPINES
http://raider.mountunion.edu/~mcnaugma/
topographic%20maps/contour.htm
Bearings = Bearings are used to indicate angular
orientation with respect to the earth
Benchmark = A survey mark made on a monument
having a known location and elevation, serving as
a reference point for surveying.
Tie Line = A survey line that connects a point to
other surveyed lines
Property Line = describes the legal boundary of a
parcel of land
BLLM = Bureau of Lands Location Monument
TCT = Transfer Certificate of Title
OCT = Original Certificate of Title
Free-Patent = is a legitimate proof of ownership of
public land in the Philippines granted by the
Philippine government. It is an agreement between
the government and the grantee, that he or she is
charged of developing the land within a specified
period of time.
Consolidation and Subdivision Survey = land
survey of more than two contiguous lots merging
to form a single lot, and a single lot subdivided
into two or more lots, respectively.
CAD = Cadastral Survey
Csd = subdivision survey of Cadastral Lot
Psd = subdivision survey of a titled properties. All Psd surveys
are conducted by a Private Geodetic Engineer
Bsd - Is a subdivision survey on government titled properties
conducted by a Government Geodetic Engineer. If a private
titled land is being surveyed by a Government Geodetic
Engineer thru court order, the resulting survey is a Bsd.
Psu - is a survey on original land (not yet surveyed) by a
private Geodetic Engineer. This kind of survey will be used by
titling thru judicial proceedings (means thru court order).
FP - Free Patent survey by a Private Geodetic Engineer
Triangulation = a series of connected triangles which
adjoin or overlap each other, with angles being
measured from determined fixed stations
Trilateration = uses electronic distance measuring
equiAMent to directly measure the lengths of the sides
of triangles from which the angles can be calculated
Traverse = consists of a series of lines, whose lengths
and directions are measured, connecting points whose
positions are to be determined
open traverse begins at a point of known position and ends at a station
whose relative position is unknown.
closed traverse begins and ends at the same point whose position is
known
Leveling is the operation of determining differences of
elevation by measuring vertical distances directly on a
graduated rod with the use of a leveling instrument
such as a dumpy level, transit or Theodolites. This
method is called Direct Leveling or Differential
leveling
Indirect leveling can be done using the principle that
differences in elevation are proportional to the
differences in atmospheric pressure
Radiation is a surveying technique often used in
conjunction with a plane table
FOR REAL ESTATE BROKERS
is the science and art of making all essential
measurements to determine the relative position of
points or physical and cultural details above, on, or
beneath the surface of the Earth, and to depict
them in a usable form, or to establish the position
of points, or details.
Surveying Uses :
Mathematics
Geometry
Trigonometry
Physics
Engineering
Law
Plane surveying = considers the
earth to be a flat surface-- a
plane
Geodetic surveying = takes into
account the true shape of the
earth.
TYPES OF SURVEYING
ACCORDING TO USE
Detailed Engineering:
These are carried for engineering feasibility studies,
ground terrain analysis, design planning and during
actual construction phase.
Topographic Survey
Contour Mapping
Hydrographic Survey
Construction Layout
Highway & Bridge Design Survey
As-built Construction Survey
Ground Control Establishment :
These are carried in surveys that require a high degree of accuracy
with regards to both relative and absolute geodetic position.
Cadastral Survey
Parcellary Survey
Subdivision Consolidation
Survey
Boundary Relocation Survey
TYPES OF SURVEYING
ACCORDING TO USE
Route Alignment :
These services are required during the design &
actual construction of road alignment and
river embankment structures to determine the
condition of the existing terrain.
Road Alignment
Profile Cross-Section Survey
River Survey
DISTANCE = the extent or amount of space
between two things, points, lines, etc.
DIRECTION = a position on a line extending
from a specific point toward a point of
the compass or toward the nadir or the
zenith
ELEVATION = height above a fixed reference
point
• NORTH
• SOUTH
• EAST
• WEST
PACING
Distance = Pace factor × Number of Paces
Homework:
A Real Estate Broker walked along a given straight
line in a horizontal ground that was known to be
60 m long, in order to determine her average unit
pace. She paced the line five times, recording 78,
76.5, 77, 87, and 76 paces, respectively.
a. Determine her average unit pace, or Pace Factor (PF).
b. If the said broker then counted an average of 123.5 paces
while pacing off the line of unknown distance, what is
the distance?
Remarks:
Pace Factor (PF) = Distance ÷ Average Paces
Taping EquiAMents
clisimeter
Transit, or Level; and stadia
Total Station
EDM
A simple measuring wheel mounted on a
rod can be used to determine distances, by
pushing the rod and rolling the wheel
along the line to be measured.
2. Mark the tip of the shadow with a small object, such as a pebble, or a distinct scratch in the
ground. Try to make the mark as small as possible so as to pinpoint the shadow's tip, but make
sure you can identify the mark later.
3. Wait 10-15 minutes. The shadow tip will move mostly from west to east in a curved line.
4. Mark the new position of the shadow's tip with another small object or scratch. It will likely
move only a short distance.
5. Draw a straight line in the ground between the two marks. This is an approximate east-west
line.
6. Stand with the first mark (west) on your left, and the other (east) on your right. You are now
facing mostly toward true north, regardless of where you are in the world.
This method is based on the fact that the sun moves across the sky from East to West.
Lines of Latitude
Example: Equator = “0 °”
latitude
Lines of Longitude
- Also called “meredian”
- “0 ° “ Longitude passes at Greenwich, England
(by convention)
If you know where you are on the map, you should be
able to look in any direction and see the objects
represented on the map in the same direction.
If you can see a known mountain in one direction and
a lake off another way, then just lay the map out, and
turn it so the corresponding marks on the map align
with the distant features.
2. Word statement
"One centimeter equals ten kilometers.“
3. Graphic Scale
Map of the Philippines
LATITUDE
LONGITUDE
1. Legend, or Key = will show the user what different symbols mean
2. Orientation / Direction = a north arrow (pointing in the correct direction)
for user to determine direction
3. Scale = See previous explanation
4. Neatline = the border of a map, to define the edge of the map area
5. Title = provides important clues about the cartographer's intentions and
goals
6. Color / Color Scheme = used on maps to signify a relationship to the
object or feature on the ground
7. Latitude and Longitude/ Projection = See previous presentation
8. Cartographer = The authority behind the composition of the map
9. Date of Production = needed for the user to determine the meaning and
value of some maps since such as those relating to current affairs or
weather are time sensitive.
10. Locator Maps = a "helper" or locator map that places the body of the map
within a larger geographical context
11. Inset Maps = additional close-up, "zoomed-in" maps of these small areas
12. Index Maps = labels and other information
For your Real Estate Brokerage.
Appraisal, and
Consultancy Needs
Contact: Engr. Merlito Castor Catolico
0917 716 5538