ChE-101:INDUSTRIAL

STOICHOMETRY-I

University of Engineering and Information Technology, Lahore

26th SEP 2018
Pakistan
CHAPTER 2:

MOLES, DENSITY AND

CONCENTRATION

-calculators, periodic table, conversion factors

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 The Mole:

• Is a certain amount of material corresponding to a specified

number of molecules, atoms, electrons or any other specified
types of particles.

• Mole word is taken from Latin word mean “heap” or “pide”. If

you think of a mole as a large heap of particles, you will have
a general idea.

The amount of a substance that contains as many elementary

entities (6.022 × 1023) as there are atoms in 0.012 kg of carbon.

The entities may be atoms, molecules, ions or other particles.

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Use of Molecular weight:

Convert -number of moles to mass and -mass to moles

Molecular weight (MW) = mass/moles

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Use of Molecular weight:

• How many moles in 100 g of H2O?

• How many lbs in 6 lb mole of O2?

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 Compound:

A compound is composed of more than one atom, and

molecular weight of a compound is nothing more than the
sum of weights of atoms of which it is composed.

Molecular weight of H2O?

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 Example 2.1: Calculation of molecular weight:

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Example 2.2: Use of molecular weight to convert mass to moles
.

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 Density and specific volume:

Is the ratio of mass per unit volume.

What would be the volume of 90.0 g alcohol? If the

density of alcohol is 0.804 g/cm3.

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Solution:

A homogeneous mixture of two or more components,

whether solid, liquid and gaseous called solution.

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 Specific gravity:

Specific gravity is the ratio of two densities.

It is the ratio of the density of a substance to the density

of a reference substance.

-Reference substance for liquids and solids normally is water and

for gases it is air.
-Temperature is an important parameter to consider when
calculating the density of substance of interest to the density of
reference substance.
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Specific gravity:

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Flow Rate:

• For continuous processes the flow rate of a process stream

is the rate at which material is transported through a pipe.

• Mass flow rate is the mass transported through a line per

unit time.

• Volumetric flow rate is the volume transported through a

line per unit time.

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Flow Rate:

• Molar flow rate of a process stream is the number of

moles of a substance transported through a line per unit
time.

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Mole fraction and Mass fraction:

Mole fraction: Number of moles of a particular compound in

a mixture or solution divided by the total number of moles in
a mixture or solution.

-mole percent and mass percent are the respective fractions

times 100.
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Mole fraction and Mass fraction:

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