GeoBalanceTM MANAGED PRESSURE DRILLING SYSTEM

Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD)

Technology Overview
控压钻井技术

Feb 11 2009
 Presentation Outline

• MPD Introduction 控压钻井技术介绍

• Job Design 控压作业
• MPD Equipment 控压钻井工具
• Communication 控压钻井团队
• Rig Site Procedures 控压钻井操作程序
• Case histories 控压钻井实例
Importance of HSE

If it can’t be done safely….It

won’t be done
 Introduction to MPD Technology
控压钻井技术介绍

Global Well Operator Issues

• Highly deviated well conditions
• Bore hole stability problems
• Well control while drilling
• Narrow drilling margins
• Depleted Reservoirs
• Risk of sticking, expensive fishing jobs and side tracks
• Shallow flow water sands
 Advantages of MPD 控压钻井技术应用效应

• Improved ROP and reduced drilling time

改善钻速和减少钻井时间
• Improved success with drilling narrow pressure margins
钻井狭窄压力窗口
• Reduced wellbore breathing, influxes and lost circulation
减少的井筒呼吸，成功应付井侵和失返
• Improve reservoir productivity by decreasing amount of
over balanced 保护油气层不受破坏
• Improved wellbore quality by minimising wellbore collapse
减少井口崩溃
 Managed Pressure Drilling Definition

• “Adaptive drilling process used to precisely

control the annular pressure profile throughout
the wellbore. The objectives are to ascertain the
downhole pressure environment limits and to
manage the annular hydraulic pressure profile
accordingly”. (IADC)
 Managed Pressure Drilling Operations

Controlling pressure in the annulus 控制井口压力

• Not a new concept
• Technique has been used for decades
• When used while drilling with conventionally with
standard equipment

Well control event 井控情况下

• Control BHP by applying back-pressure at surface 通过
地面加回压控制井底压力
• Closed-loop (BOP is closed) 闭环（防喷器关闭)
• Circulation is through a choke 通过节流阀循环
General Comparison of drilling methods
钻井方法对比
 MPD Operations 控压作业
• Passive MPD (hydrostatic mud weight always above pore pressure)
• 被动控压钻井（泥浆静液柱压力总是高于地层压力）
• MPD used as a safety system 控压钻井作为一种安全体系
• Rotating Control Device (RCD) 旋转控制设备
• Manual Choke (Rig Choke for US land wells) 手动节流设备（用于
美国陆上井的节流设备）
• Active MPD (hydrostatic mud weight slightly above or sometimes below
pore pressure)
• 主动控压（泥浆静液柱稍高于或有时低于地层压力）
• MPD being used to ‘walk the line’ 使用MPD“压线走”
•E.g. narrow pore pressure to frac pressure window 如地层压力
和破裂压力之间的窗口很窄
• RCD with change out system like additional BOPs 增加旋转控制设
备
• Manual choke with continuous control or automated choke system
•手动节流，连续控制或自动节流系统
• Back pressure pump system for constant BHP 回压补偿泵，保持
井底压力不变
 MPD Operations 控压作业

• Mud-cap drilling (with under or overbalanced fluid)

• 泥浆帽钻井（欠或过平衡）
• Usually use for fractured limestones or granites
•通常用于裂缝性灰岩或花岗岩
• Drilling with lost returns
•失返钻进
• May have partial level in annulus
•环空有部分液面
 Managed Pressure Drilling – Basic Overview

Mud Pits PUMP

RCD

ECD equal to
or slightly PLC Controlled
greater than DRILLING
CHOKE
pore pressure
MANIFOLD
DRILL CUTTINGS
PROCESSING

MUD to PITS
Hydraulics Modelling – Circulating at TD
水力参数模拟 – 套管鞋处循环模拟
 MPD Equipment – Major Components

• RCD旋转控制头
• Autochoke, Control Panel and PLC自动节流管汇,
程序逻辑控制器系统
• BPP (Back-Pressure Pump) 回压泵
• Data Acquisition and Control System数据采集系统
Drillstring Floats and Subs (NRV’s)钻柱止回阀
• PWD随钻测压
旋转控制头 The RCD 5000™
 What are RCD’s

• Rotating Control Devices are annular pressure

control tools designed for stripping tubulars in
drilling applications.
• RCD’s complement the Rig’s BOP stack.
• RCD’s do not replace BOP elements!
 When Should an RCD be Used?

• The following applications are ideal for RCD use:

– Managed Pressure Drilling
– Underbalanced Applications
– Kick Control
• Severe Loss Circulation (Loss/Kick Cycle)
• High Pressure Wells
• Exploration Wells
Level 4 Autochoke Skid自动节流管汇
Autochoke Control Display
Back Pressure Pump 回压泵
Downhole Equipment for MPD 止回阀

NRV Float Subs; Non-Ported

Floats; Bleed-off tool

PWD®
 MPD Kick Detection and Control
• Easy to detect small influx
• 更容易检测小的井侵
– Increase back-pressure immediately and STOP influx
– 能够立即增加回压,阻止井侵
– Continuous data from PWD
– 能够通过PWD获得连续的井内数据
– Able to accurately determine minimum BHP required
– 能够精确确定所需的最小井底压力.
• Can continue drilling or circulate while preparing heavier
mud
• 准备重泥浆时,能够继续钻进或循环
 MPD Loss Detection and Control
• Easy to detect small loss
• 更容易检测到微小漏失
– Decrease back-pressure instantly and STOP losses
能够立即减少回压，停止漏失
– Continuous data from PWD
能够从PWD中获得连续的井内数据.
– Able to accurately determine maximum BHP possible
能够精确确定最大可能的井底压力
• Can continue drilling or circulate while preparing lighter mud, or
LCM mud
当准备低密度泥浆或者堵漏泥浆时,能够持续钻进或者保持循环
• Can keep dropping back-pressure to minimize losses (within
operational limits)
能够通过降低回压,减少漏失(在操作范围内)
 Onsite MPD Team & Communications

Drill Site
Supervisor

Rig Manager /
Toolpusher
MPD
Supervisor

Driller
MPD / DAS
Engineer
Rig Crew

RCD MPD
PWD Engineer
Supervisor Operators
 Operational Procedures
操作程序

• Connection
接单根程序
• Tripping
起下钻程序
• RCD Sealing Element Change Out
旋转控制头密封件更换程序
• NRV Bleed Off
止回阀泄压程序
 Contingency Procedures
应急程序
 PluggedChoke
节流阀和管线堵塞  Dynamic MPD Well
 Plugged Coriolis Meter Control
流量计堵塞 动态井控
 NRV and Drill String  Surface Equipment
Failures Failure
止回阀或钻柱失效 地面设备失效
 Emergency Pressure
Trapping
紧急境况下加压

 Power Failure (but have independent generators,

with redundancy)
动力失效（控压钻井系统的动力是由独立的发
电机提供的，失效情况基本不存在）
 Drillers’ Dog House Guides / emergency instructions
司钻房操作指南
 GeoBalance: Optimized
Case History North America
Challenge
Tectonically stressed formation, narrow collapse / fracture
pressure window, mud loss, stuck pipe.
Solution
ADT analysis of event, Rt-Wellbore Integrity, hydraulics
management with constant bottom hole pressure control.

Results

Drilled to reservoir with no further problem. Set casing and began

Underbalanced Drilling, selling while drilling.
 GeoBalance: Sigma® Service
Case History Mexico
Challenge
Drill depleted reservoir with 2 ppg
pressures while minimizing mud losses,
differential sticking and reservoir
damage.
Solution
GeoBalance Specialty Drilling Fluid
design, Bottom Hole Pressure control
within a given pressure window, Multi-
phase drilling fluids with hydraulics 300
Contractor A conventional 10 well
management, Sperry LWD / Directional. 250 average
Contractor B conventional 10 well
average
10 well average with GeoBalance
200

Drilling Days
Results
150

100
Able to isolate depleted formations and
50
reduced days to drill.
0
Area 1 Area 2 Area 3 Area 4 Area 5