Aran Jake G.

Barrameda, RN
 CELL THEORY
• 1665, ROBERT HOOKE used microscope he
built to examine thin slice of cork
• He observed a tiny, empty, honeycomb
compartments
• He called these compartments “cellulae” ,
Latin “small rooms”
 CELL THEORY
• ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK devised his
own microscope with only one (1) lens and
credited to be the first to observe living cells
• He communicated to Hook and then observe
even microscopic things and called them
“animalcules”, little animals
 CELL THEORY
• 1838, MATTHIAS JAKOB SCHLEIDEN focused
his interests in the study of plant cells
• 1839, THEODOR SCHWANN examined animal
cells
• 1858, RUDOLF CARL VIRCHOW proposed the
third postulate and stated that cells come
from other cells through cell division
CELL THEORY

1. All organisms are composed of one or more

cells.
2. Cells are the smallest and basic units of
structure and function in organisms.
3. Cells arise only from previously existing cells.
CELL THEORY
Exceptions:
1. Viruses are not made-up of cells though
some consider them alive
2. The first cell did not originate from a pre-
existing cell
3. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their
own genetic material
 ACTIVITY

Group the class according to friendship circle /

cliques.

In a Manila paper, illustrate the chronological timeline

of events of how the cell theory came to be.

Make sure no words will be used in the illustration.

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
 CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
CELL MEMBRANE
- Composed of Protein and Lipid molecules
- Semi-permeable membrane
- Maintains integrity of cell
 CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
CELL MEMBRANE
Three basic parts:
- Glycerol
Head – Polar – Hydrophilic
- Phosphate
- Fatty Acid Chains Tail – Non-Polar - Hydrophobic
 CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
CELL MEMBRANE
• Cholesterol – makes membrane more flexible
but less fluid
• Carbohydrates – identification tags
 CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
CELL MEMBRANE
• Transport Proteins – help materials cross the
membrane
• Channel Proteins – import or export of needed
materials and wastes
• Cell Recognition Proteins – distinguish cells
from that of other organisms, such a pathogens
 CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
CELL MEMBRANE
• Enzymatic Proteins – metabolic reactions
• Cytoskeleton Proteins – maintains cell shape
and motility
 CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
CELL MEMBRANE
• Junction Proteins – cell adhesion and
communication
• Receptor Proteins – exchange of signals with
other cells
 CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
CELL WALL
• Provides Protection, Rigid Support, and Shape
• Plants and Algae – Polysaccharide Cellulose
• Fungi – Chitin
• Bacteria - Peptidoglycan
 CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
CYTOPLASM
• Fills the space between the nucleus and the cell
membrane
• Cytosol – fluid portion consisting mainly of water
 CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
NUCLEUS
• Control center of the cell
• Storehouse of genetic information
• DNA – Deoxyribonucleic Acid
 CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
NUCLEUS
• CHROMATIN – complex structure of DNA
• HISTONES – special group of proteins that pack
DNA
• CHROMOSOMES – tightly coiled Chromatin
 CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
NUCLEUS
• NUCLEAR ENVELOPE – encloses the DNA
• NUCLEAR PORE – allows passage of large
molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm
• NUCLEOLUS – where subunits of Ribosomes are
made
 CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
RIBOSOMES
- Made up of Protein and rRNA molecules
- Synthesizes Protein
 CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
- Membrane-bounded sacs and canals
- Transports materials
 CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
• Rough ER
• with Ribosomes
• Further modification of proteins by adding
sugar chain
 CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
• Smooth ER
• No Ribosomes
• Synthesis of Lipids
• Breaking down of drugs and alcohol
 CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
GOLGI APPARATUS
- Collects, Modifies, Packages, and Distributes
proteins and lipids manufactured by ER
 CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
VESICLES
- Transport or store materials within cells
 CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
LYSOSOMES
- Break down damaged or worn-out cells
- Contain enzymes known as LYZOZYME,
defend cell from invading bacteria and
viruses
 CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
PEROXISOMES
- Break down fatty acids, amino acids, and
hydrogen peroxide
- For detoxification
 CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
MITOCHONDRIA
- Major sites of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)
production
- Has its own DNA and Ribosomes
 CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
PLASTIDS
- Chloroplasts convert solar energy to chemical
energy
- Carry out Photosynthesis
- Thylakoids – contain Chlorophyll
- Granum – stack of Thylakoids
- Stroma – liquid portion of Chloroplast
 CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
CENTROSOME and CENTRIOLES
- Small dense region of cytoplasm
- Center of microtubule formation
- Contains two (2) centrioles
- Helps during cell division
 CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
CYTOSKELETON
- Supports cells, holds organelles in place,
enables cells to change shape
 CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
CYTOSKELETON
- Consists of:
a. Microtubules – give cell shape and serve
as anchorage of organelles
b. Microfilaments – provide cell movement
c. Intermediate Filaments – gives cell
strength and ability to stretch