Learning Competencies :

Explains Critical
Reading as Looking
for Ways of Thinking
Why should
you read
critically?
 Critical Reading
is a technique for discovering information and
ideas within a text;
is a technique for evaluating information and
ideas, for deciding what to accept and believe;
refers to a careful, active, reflective, analytic
reading. In actual practice, critical reading and
critical thinking work together;
allows you to enter into a dialogue with the
author – and this deepens your understanding of
the issue or topic discussed; and
 allows us to monitor our understanding as we
read
 STAGE THEORY IN
CRITICAL THINKING Accomplished

DEVELOPMENT
Thinker (skilled
and insightful)
The Practicing
Thinker
(practicing to
develop)

Challenged Thinker Advanced

(becoming aware of Thinker
problems in thinking) Beginning
Thinker
(trying to
improve)
Unreflective
thinker
(unaware of
problems in
thinking)
Process
 Attitudes Of A College-level Critical Thinker

Attitude Sample Statement

Truth- “Let’s follow this idea and see where it leads.”

seeking

Open- “I have a point of view on this subject, and I’m anxious to hear
minded yours as well.“

Analytical “Taking a stand on the issue commits me to take some action.”

Systematic “The speaker made some interesting points, and I’d like to hear
some more evidence to support each one.”

Self- “After reading the book for the first time, I was confused. I’ll be able
confident to understand it after studying the book some more.”

Inquisitive “When I first saw that painting, I wanted to know what was going
on in the artist’s life when she painted it.”

Mature “I’ll wait until I gather more facts before reaching a conclusion on
this issue.”
 Difference Between Reading and Critical Reading
Reading Critical Reading
Purpose To get a basic grasp of the To form judgments about HOW a
text. text works.
Activity Absorbing / Understanding Analyzing / Interpreting / Evaluating

Focus What a text SAYS What a text DOES and MEANS

Questions What is the text saying?
What information can I get
out of it?
Direction WITH the text (taking for
granted it is right)
Response Restatement, Summary
How does the text work? How is it
argued?
What are the choices made? The
patterns that result?
What kinds of reasoning and
evidence are used?
What are the underlying
assumptions?
What does the text mean?
AGAINST the text (questioning its
assumptions and argument,
interpreting meaning in context)
Description, Interpretation,
Evaluation
 Process for Reading Critically

taking notes
testing answers to your questions,
brainstorming
outlining
reflecting on your own reading and
thinking
describing aspects of the text or argument
raising objections to the ideas or evidence
presented
highlighting important points and
examples
 Learning Competencies :

1. Identifies claims explicitly or

implicitly made in a written text .
A. Claim of Fact
B. Claim of Policy
C. Claim of Value
Let’s Play !
FACT
BLUFF
 The Philippines is the
world’s number one
producer of coconut.

FACT BLUFF
 The Philippines is the
world’s number one
producer of coconut.

FACT
BLUFF
 The third largest
English speaking
country in the world is
the Philippines.
FACT BLUFF
 The third largest
English speaking
country in the world is
the Philippines.

FACT
BLUFF
The largest lake in
the Philippines is
Taal lake.
FACT BLUFF
FACT
 The largest lake in the
Philippines which measures
900 sq. km is Laguna de Bay

BLUFF
Lebanon is the only
country in the
Middle East in which
there is no dessert.
FACT BLUFF
Lebanon is the only
country in the
Middle East in which
there is no dessert.
FACT
BLUFF
 Red pepper is the
most popular spice in
the world.

FACT BLUFF
Black pepper

BLUFF
 Black pepper

FACT
Saudi Arabia has the
largest Muslim
population in the
world.
FACT BLUFF
Indonesia

BLUFF
 Indonesia

FACT
What do these
information
gives us ?
Do you believe
those facts and
informations ?
 What do you
call a statement
that persuades,
and convinces
the readers?
C L A I M
C L A I M
C L A I M
C L A I M
C L A I M
What is a
Claim ?
A claim persuades, argues,
convinces, proves, or
provocatively suggests
something to a reader who
may or may not initially agree
with you.
Types of Claims
Claim of Fact

Claim of Value

Claim of Policy
 Claim of Fact
Asserts that the condition has existed,
exists or will exist.

To support use – factual evidence, that

is sufficient, reliable and appropriate.
 Examples :
 Philippines is part of Southeast Asia.

 Teens who engage in promiscuous,

unprotected sex will develop STDs,
become pregnant and/ or contract
AIDS.
 Claim of Value
Makes a judgment : expresses approval or
disapproval about something; attempts to
show that something is wrong or right,
moral/ immoral, beautiful or ugly.

To support use- you must establish

standards that you are using to measure
the beauty or morality of your topic.
 Examples :
• Homosexuality is immoral because it
violates religious, societal and
biological standards.

• Monet’s art is more beautiful than

Picasso’s because of its use of soft
color, uplifting subject matter and
unique techniques.
 Claim of Policy
Argues that something should or
should not be done, believed,
banned; argues for a course of
action.

To support- you must first convince

the audience that a problem exists
and then prove that your policy will
fix it.
 Examples :
The death penalty should be
abolished because it does nothing
to prevent murder.

Legislation should be passed to stop

the sale of cigarettes.
 Let’s try it!
1. Teachers should be given an increase in
their salary.
Claim of Policy
2. The hunting of animals is a barbaric
practice.
Claim of Value
3. Global warming is a threat to people living
here on Earth.
Claim of Fact

4. It is immoral to participate in non-violent

strikes in the streets.
Claim of Value
5. The age at which people can get a
driver’s license must be raised to 21.
Claim of Policy

6. Increasing population threatens the

environment.
Claim of Fact
 Group Tasks:
Make use of the different types of claims in the
following task.

Group 1 :
Interview with a government
official.
Group 2 :

Great Debaters

Group 3 :
Talk show !
 Directions : Identify each statements below, taken from or
inspired by the previous text, as a claim of fact, value, or policy.

 1. National strength can only be built on character.

 2. The Filipinos of the pat became strong – willed ,earnest and
adventurous by necessity: they had to brave the seas, clear
the forest and erect towns and cities upon the wilderness in
order to establish communities.
 3. To insure the accomplishment of the task of national
spiritual reconstruction, we shall formulate and adopt a social
code that can be explained in the schools, preached from
the pulpits , and taught in the streets and plazas, and in the
remotest corners of our land.
 4. Teachers are in the position to inculcate this social code in
the youth because they are in the most contact with them
during their formative years at school.
 5. LTFRB should be given the public an advance notice about
their fare hike.
 Assignment :
Watch the video clip entitled :
“If I Can Change the World” then take
down notes for your reference to some of
the social issues.
Write 5 claim of fact , policy , and value
on your paper that are presented in the
video.
 References / URLs / Links /

 http://havlicek.weebly.com/uploads/6/8/5/2/685209/
ww2claims.pdf
 http://department.monm.edu/cata/mcgaan/classes/
cata335/o-claims.335.html
 http://theliteratesims.net/eng1bM/week03/claims.html
 http://mentalfloss.com/article/32118/45-amazing-
facts-everyone-should-know