EXPLORING GAS

LAWS
BOYLE’S LAW
OPENING THOUGHTS…
Have you ever:

Seen a hot air balloon?

Had a soda bottle spray all over you?

Baked (or eaten) a nice, fluffy

cake?
These are all examples of gases at work!
PROPERTIES OF GASES
You can predict the behavior of gases based on
the following properties:

Pressure
Volume
Amount (moles)
Temperature
Lets review each of these briefly…
PRESSURE

Pressure is defined as the force the gas

exerts on a given area of the container
in which it is contained. The SI unit for
pressure is the Pascal, Pa.
• If you’ve ever inflated a tire,
you’ve probably made a
pressure measurement in
pounds (force) per square inch
(area).
PRESSURE UNITS
 KEY UNITS AT SEA LEVEL
101.325 kPa (kilopascal)
1 atm
760 mm Hg
760 torr
14.7 psi
VOLUME
Volume is the three-dimensional space inside
the container holding the gas. The SI unit for
volume is the cubic meter, m3. A more
common and convenient unit is the liter, L.

Think of a 2-liter bottle of soda to

get an idea of how big a liter is.
(OK, how big two of them are…)
AMOUNT (MOLES)
Amount of substance is tricky. As we’ve already
learned, the SI unit for amount of substance is the
mole, mol. Since we can’t count molecules, we can
convert measured mass (in kg) to the number of moles,
n, using the molecular or formula weight of the gas.

By definition, one mole of a substance contains

approximately 6.022 x 1023 particles of the
substance. You can understand why we use mass
and moles!
TEMPERATURE
Temperature is the measurement of heat…or how
fast the particles are moving. Gases, at room
temperature, have a lower boiling point than things
that are liquid or solid at the same temperature.
Remember: Not all substance freeze, melt or
evaporate at the same temperature.

Water will freeze at zero degrees Celsius.

However alcohol will not freeze at this
temperature.
TEMPERATURE (CONT.)

 Always use absolute temperature (Kelvin)

when working with gases.

ºF
-459 32 212
ºC
-273 0 100
K
0 273 373
STP: YOU NEED TO MEMORIZE THIS

Standard Temperature & Pressure

0°C 273 K
1 atm or 101.325 kPa
HOW DO THEY ALL RELATE?
Some relationships of gases may be easy to
predict. Some are more subtle.
Now that we understand the factors that affect
the behavior of gases, we will study how those
factors interact.
LETS HEAR FROM THE GAS MOLECULES
 Boyle’s Law
 Pressure and volume
are inversely related at
constant temperature.
 PV = K
 As one goes up, the
other goes down.
 P1V1 = P2V2
“Father of Modern Chemistry”
Robert Boyle
Chemist & Natural Philosopher
Listmore, Ireland
January 25, 1627 – December 30, 1690
BOYLE’S LAW
 This law is named for Robert Boyle, who
studied the relationship between
pressure, p, and volume, V, in the mid-
1600s.
 Boyle determined that for the same
amount of a gas at constant
temperature, results in an inverse
relationship:

volume
when one goes up, the other

pressure
comes down.
Boyle’s Law: P1V1 = P2V2
Boyle’s Law: P1V1 = P2V2
PV CONSTANT IN BOYLE’S LAW
In Boyle’s Law, the product P x V is constant as
long as T and n do not change.
P1V1 = 8.0 atm x 2.0 L = 16 atm L
P2V2 = 4.0 atm x 4.0 L = 16 atm L
P3V3 = 2.0 atm x 8.0 L = 16 atm L

Boyle’s Law can be stated as

P1V1 = P2V2 (T, n constant)

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SOLVING FOR A GAS LAW FACTOR
The equation for Boyle’s Law can be rearranged to
solve for any factor.
P1V1 = P2V2 Boyle’s Law

To solve for V2 , divide both sides by P2.

P1V1 = P2V2
P2 P2

V1 x P1 = V2
P2

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BOYLES’ LAW AND BREATHING
During an inhalation,

 the lungs expand.

 the pressure in the

lungs decreases.

 air flows towards

the lower pressure
in the lungs.
Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

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BOYLES’ LAW AND BREATHING
During an exhalation,

 lung volume
decreases.

 pressure within the

lungs increases.

 air flows from the

higher pressure in
the lungs to the
outside. Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

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CALCULATIONS WITH BOYLE’S
LAW

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CALCULATION WITH BOYLE’S
LAW
Freon-12, CCl2F2, is used in
refrigeration systems. What is the new
volume (L) of a 8.0 L sample of Freon
gas initially at 550 mm Hg after its
pressure is changed to 2200 mm Hg at
constant T?

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CALCULATION WITH BOYLE’S
LAW (CONTINUED)
2. When pressure increases, volume decreases.

Solve Boyle’s Law for V2:

P1V1 = P2V2

V2 = V1 x P1
P2
V2 = 8.0 L x 550 mm Hg = 2.0 L
2200 mm Hg
pressure ratio
decreases volume

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LEARNING CHECK
For a cylinder containing helium gas indicate if
cylinder A or cylinder B represents the new volume
for the following changes (n and T are constant).

1) pressure decreases
2) pressure increases

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SOLUTION
For a cylinder containing helium gas indicate if
cylinder A or cylinder B represents the new volume
for the following changes (n and T are constant):
1) Pressure decreases B
2) Pressure increases A

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LEARNING CHECK
If a sample of helium gas has a volume of 120 mL
and a pressure of 850 mm Hg, what is the new
volume if the pressure is changed to 425 mm Hg ?

1) 60 mL 2) 120 mL 3) 240 mL

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LEARNING CHECK
If the sample of helium gas has a volume of 6.4
L at a pressure of 0.70 atm, what is the new
volume when the pressure is increased to 1.40
atm (T constant)?

A) 3.2 L B) 6.4 L C) 12.8 L

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SOLUTION
If the sample of helium gas has a volume of 6.4
L at a pressure of 0.70 atm, what is the new
volume when the pressure is increased to 1.40
atm (T constant)?
A) 3.2 L

V2 = V1 x P1
P2
V2 = 6.4 L x 0.70 atm = 3.2 L
1.40 atm
Volume decreases when there is an increase in
the pressure (temperature is constant.)

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Class, ibaba niyo
ang VOLUME niyo
kase tumataas na
PRESSURE ko!!!
EXERCISES #1
 1) If I have 5.6 liters of gas in a piston at a
pressure of 1.5 atm and compress the gas
until its volume is 4.8 L, what will the new
pressure inside the piston be?

 2) I have added 15 L of air to a balloon at sea

level (1.0 atm). If I take the balloon with me
to Denver, where the air pressure is 0.85
atm, what will the new volume of the balloon
be?
EXERCISES #1
 3) I’ve got a car with an internal volume of
12,000 L. If I drive my car into the river and
it implodes, what will be the volume of the
gas when the pressure goes from 1.0 atm to
1.4 atm?

 4) A gas occupies 4.31 liters at a pressure of

0.755 atm. Determine the volume if the
pressure is increased to 1.25 atm.