Roles of

Technology for
Teaching and
Learning
3 DOMAINS OF EDUCATIONAL
TECHNOLOGY

01 Technology as a Tutor

02 Technology as a Teaching Tool

03 Technology as a Learning Tool

A. For Teacher and Teaching
 Technology provides enormous
support to the teacher as a facilitator of
learning.
 Technology has modernized the
teaching learning environment.
 Technology improves teaching-
learning process and ways of teaching.
 Technology adds to the competence of
teachers and inoculates scientific
outlook.
 Technology supports Teacher
Professional Development.
 Technology opens new fields in
education researches.
B. For Learners and Learning
A.Support learners to learn how to learn on
their own.
3 Categories of knowledge (Egbert, 2009)
1. Declarative knowledge
-consists of the discrete pieces of information that
answers the questions what, who, when and where.
-Can be learned by simple mnemonics or
conceptual maps
2. Structural knowledge
-consists of facts or pieces of declarative knowledge
put together to attain some form of meaning.
3. Procedural knowledge
-is knowledge in acting or the knowledge of how to
do something.
B. Technology enhances learners’ communication skills through
social interaction
3 basic communication patterns: Shiny (2003) in Egbert (2009)
 Point to point two-way or one-to-one like internet chat, phone conversation, or even
face-to-face conversation.
 One-to-many outbound like a lecture, or television. There is no social interaction.
 Many to many like group discussion, buzz session, heads together.
-This kind of interaction provides opportunities for social interaction.

Social interaction occurs in two ways where the participants ask for
clarification, argue, challenge each other and work towards common
understanding.
 C. Technology upgrades learners higher-order-thinking skills: critical
thinking, problem solving and creativity
Critical thinking-is part of the cluster of higher order thinking skills.
-Refers to the ability to interpret, explain, analyse, evaluate, infer and self-
regulate in order to make good decision.
Some ways that teachers can do develop critical thinking
a. Ask the right questions
b. Use critical thinking task with appropriate level of challenge.
Some simple ways that teacher should do
1. Vary the questions asked
2. Introduce new technologies
3. Modify the learners’ grouping
4. Modify the critical thinking task
5. Encourage curiosity
Creativity – is characterized as
involving the ability to think flexibly,
fluently, originally and elaborately.

a. Flexibly – means able to use

many points of view
b. Fluently – means able to
generate many ideas
c. Originally – implies being able to
generate new ideas
d. Elaborately – means able to add
details
Seven stages strategies:(Osborin,1963)
1. Substitute
2. Combine
3. Adapt
4. Modify/magnify/minify
5. Put to another use
6. Eliminate
7. Reverse
 What should teachers do to support student creativity?
Here are some suggestions
 Provide an enriched environment
 Teach creative thinking strategies
 Allow learners to show what they can do
 Use creativity with technologies
 Teachers can do the following to develop and enhance
critical thinking, problem solving and creativity:

 Encourage students to find and use information from variety of

sources both on-line and off-line.
 Assist students to compare information from different sources.
 Allow student to reflect through different delivery modes like
writing, speaking, or drawing.
 Use real experiences and material to draw tentative decisions
 Involve students in creating and questioning assessments.
Thank You
Prepared by: Usman, Sittie Ainah B