Presentation on Data Collection tools, techniques and methods by Anurag Shankar Singh, this will help in gathering information regarding tools, techniques and methods of data collection
Presentation on Data Collection tools, techniques and methods by Anurag Shankar Singh, this will help in gathering information regarding tools, techniques and methods of data collection
Presentation on Data Collection tools, techniques and methods by Anurag Shankar Singh, this will help in gathering information regarding tools, techniques and methods of data collection
TOPIC: Data Collection tools, technique and methods
Submitted by: Anurag Shankar Singh DATA Data can be defined as the information we collect from different sources for different research or any other purposes Data is the plural of “Datum’. Datum is a single piece of information TYPES OF DATA
There are two types of data:-
1. Primary Data 2. Secondary Data PRIMARY DATA The data which is directly collected from the field by contacting with the farmer is known as primary data Primary data is collected by researcher from first hand sources using method such as survey, interview, or experiment SECONDARY DATA The data which is gathered from studies, surveys or experiments that have been conducted by other people or from other research SELECTION OF METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION
1. The nature of phenomenon under study
2. The type of research subject 3. Purpose of research study 4. Size of study sample 5. Distribution of target population 6. Time frame of subjects 7. Literacy level of subjects 8. Availability of manpower and resources DIFFERENT METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION Different methods of data collection are:- i) Survey ii) Observation iii) Interview iv) Experiment TOOLS OF DATA COLLECTION Different tools of data collection are:- i) Schedule ii) Questionnaire iii) Pen, pencil iv) Camera v) Scale SURVEY Itis a non experimental type of method where the researcher investigate a community or a group of people Another name is FORMULATIVE or EXPLORATIVE research Advantages It can provide information about the possibilities of undertaking different types of research methods Provides data about the present Has a high degree of representatives Disadvantages Yields a low degree of control over extraneous variables Verbal behavior is quite unreliable and that of people OBSERVATION Basically a researcher goes out into the world and looks for variables that are associated with one another Most commonly used in qualatative research TYPES OF OBSERVATION 1. Unstructured Observation A method of collecting research data that has both opponents and proponents 2. Structured Observation Researcher typically have some prior knowledge about the behavior or events of interest Advantages Relatively inexpensive Produces large quantities of data w/relative cases All data obtained from observation are usable All subjects are potential respondent Disadvantages Accurate prediction of a situation or event to be observed unlikely The presence of an observer gives the subject a quality normal absent Extensive training are needed INTERVIEW One of the direct communication between researcher and subject for collection of data Series of question to be asked in a interview is called a interview schedule TYPES OF INTERVIEW There are four types of interview:- 1) Structured(for research) 2) Semi-structured(flexible but structured) 3) Non-directive(free talk on issues) 4) Focused( In depth talk on an issue) Advantages Data from one interviewer to next are comparable Recording or coding data does not cause problem Attention will not be diverted Time consuming Disadvantages Loose the spontaneity Respondent views are minimized Scope of exploration limited EXPERIMENT A powerful design for testing hypothesis of casual relationship among variables Researcher controls the independent variable and watches the effect of dependent variable There are two groups:- a) Treatment/ Experimental group b) Control group Advantages of experimental approach It is difficult to minimize all the variables in which control and experimental groups might differ Casual relationships are difficult if not impossible to establish The time element may confound the results of the experimental results SCHEDULE It is one of the important , methods for the study of social problem Schedule is like questionnaire but is filled by the enumerator Enumerator are specially assigned for filling QUESTIONAIRE A series of question designed to clitch information , which is filled in by all the participants in the sample Information can be gather either by written information or by written questionnaire This is the most common type of research instruments Advantages Relatively a simple method of obtaining data Less time is consumed Researcher is able gather data from a widely scattered sample Disadvantages Responses to a question lack depth Respondent may omit or disregard any item he chooses Length of the questionnaire is limited to the respondents interest Printing may be costly incase its lengthy Some items may be misunderstood The sample is limited to those who are literate PEN AND PENCIL Notebook along with pen or pencil is required for writing down information which will help on research CAMERA Camera is also required while collection of data as, photos are to be clicked for providing it as proof SCALES A Measurement scale is used to quantify data variables in statistics,. It determines the kind of technique to be used for statistical analysis There are different kinds of measurement scales, and the type of data being collected determines the kind of measurement scale to be used for statistical measurement TYPES OF SCALES There are total four scales :- For Qualitative data Nominal Scale Ordinal Scale For Quantitative data Interval scale Ratio scale THANK YOU