Acid and base

reactions
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Objectives

 Naming salts

 Acid + metal-- salt + hydrogen

 Acid + base/metal oxide--- salt + water- Neutralization

 Acid + carbonate--- salt + water + carbon dioxide

 Base + ammonium salt

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Naming salts

 Salts are named for the acid and metal ions that

create them.

 The metal provides the first part of the name, and

the acid provides the second part.
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Metal +acid

 Metal + acid ---- Name of the metal acid part + hydrogen

Salt
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Example

 Potassium + sulfuric acid --- potassium sulfate + hydrogen

 Iron + Hydrochloric acid --- Iron chloride + hydrogen

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Acid + metal
 Acid-metal reactions occur when acids react with metal to form
a salt and hydrogen gas.

 Acid + metal → salt + hydrogen gas

Aluminum + Sulfuric acid--- Aluminum sulfate. + hydrogen

Magnesium + Hydrochloric acid---Magnesium chloride + hydrogen

Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) ---- MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)

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The hydrogen gas released by an acid-metal
reaction can be tested for by the pop test,
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Acid + Base

 Neutralization reactions are reactions in which acids and bases react

together to form a salt and water.

 acid + base → salt + water

Aluminum hydroxide + hydrochloric acid -- Aluminium chloride + water

2Al(s) + 6HCl(aq)-------- 2AlCl3(aq) + 3H2(g)

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Uses of neutralization

 Neutalization of acidic soil

 Questions ;

 1. why soil becomes acidic?- Acid rain(CO2) NO2, SO2

 2. Does acid in the soil harm vegetation?

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Acid + carbonate

 Acid-carbonate reactions occur when acids react

with carbonates or hydrogen carbonates to
form salt, water and carbon dioxide.

 acid + carbonate → salt + carbon dioxide + water

 Hydrochloric acid + calcium carbonate -- Calcium chloride +

Carbon dioxide + water
 2HCl + CaCO3--- CaCl2. + CO2 + H2O
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Practise

 Sodium hydroxide + nitric acid--- Sodium nitrate + water

 NaOH(aq) + HNO3(aq) ---- NaNO3(aq) + H2O(l)

 Calcium carbonate + sulfuric acid -- calcium sulfate + water +

carbon dioxide

 CaCO3(s) + H2SO4(aq)--- CaSO4(s0+ CO2(g) + H2O(l)

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We can test for the carbon dioxide by bubbling it through
limewater, because it will make the limewater go cloudy

Lime water (transparent) + CO2 --- cloudy ( white)

Ca(OH) 2 limewater

CaCO3- limestone
 Base + ammonium salt
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 Base+ ammonium salt --- salt + ammonia + water

 Sodium hydroxide + Ammonium chloride -- Sodium chloride + ammonia +

 Water

 Potassium hydroxide + Ammonium sulfate -- Potassium sulfate + ammonia

+ water
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Base + ammonium salt

 Sodium hydroxide + ammonium chloride -- Sodium

sulfate + ammonia + water

 NaOH + NH4Cl --- NaCl + NH3 + H2O