ChemE ChemE Lang:

An Academic Guide and

Tutorial towards
Chemistry, Physics, and
Calculus Literacy
Physics
&
Calculus
Viloria, Camille Andrea V.
Calculus is the
language in
which Modern
Science is
formulated.
What was Newton thinking exactly???
DERIVATIVES OF ALGEBRAIC
FUNTIONS
 
A ball is thrown straight upward from a building. The height of the ball above the ground is represented by the position
function s(t)= . What is the instantaneous velocity of the ball at t=5?
A ladder 20 ft. long leans against a vertical wall. If the top slides downward at the rate of 2 ft. per sec, find how fast the
lower end is moving when it is 16 ft. from the wall.
Water is flowing into a vertical cylindrical tank at the rate of 24 cu. ft. per min. If the radius of the tank is 4 ft., how fast is
the surface rising?
Chemistry
DMITRI
MENDELEE
V
• Periodicity of Atomic Weights
• Periodic Trends
Paul Emile Lecoq de
Boisbaudran
• Discovered Gallium
Solutions, How to Express its Concentration,
Colligative Properties
SOLUTIONS
SOLUTE AND SOLVENT
SOLVENT IS THE DISSOLVING
MEDIUM, SOLUTE IS THE ONE
BEIING DISSOLVED.
WAYS OF EXPRESSING
CONCENTRATIONS
1. PHYSICAL METHODS
• PERCENT WEIGHT-WEIGHT
• PERCENT WEIGHT-VOLUME
• PERCENT VOLUME-VOLUME

2. CHEMICAL METHODS
• MOLE FRACTION
• MOLARITY
• MOLALITY
PERCENT WEIGHT-WEIGHT (% W/W)
 
PERCENT WEIGHT-WEIGHT
• percentage unit that is most frequently used by chemists

• Also termed as parts per hundred (pph)

• Parts per thousand

PERCENT WEIGHT-VOLUME (% W/V)
 
PERCENT WEIGHT-VOLUME
• Method of concentration often encountered in hospitals and
industrial settings

• Expressing a percentage in two different sorts of units

• Lets us know how much solute went into the solution
PERCENT VOLUME-VOLUME (% V/V)
 
PERCENT VOLUME-VOLUME
• It is used as concentration unit in situations where both
solute and solvents are liquids
MOLE FRACTION
 
MOLE FRACTION
• Ratio of the number of moles of solute to the number of
moles of solution

• Moles of solution = moles of solute +moles of solvent

MOLARITY
 
MOLARITY
• Number of gram-molecular weights of solute per liter of
solution
• Concentration that is most often used in laboratories
MOLALITY
 
MOLALITY
• finds use in experimental situations where changes in
temperature are concerned
COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES OF
SOLUTIONS
Colligative Properties Changes in Colligative
When a solute is added to a Properties
solvent, changes in the
Changes in COLLIGATIVE
properties of solvent take place
PROPERTIES depend only
such that the solution exhibits
on the number of solute
properties different from those
of pure solvent. These solution particles present, not on the
properties are called identity of the solute
COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES particles.
COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES OF
SOLUTIONS

Colligative Properties Required Conditions:

• VAPOR PRESSURE
LOWERING 1. Solute has no
• BOILING POINT appreciable vapor
ELEVATION pressure; non-volatile
• MELTING POINT 2. Solute does not form
DEPRESSION ions; non-electrolyte
• OSMOTIC PRESSURE
FREEZING POINT DEPRESSION
When solute is added to a solution,
Particles in the second beaker are blocked by
freezing point decreases
solute particles and cannot as easily move into
Particles in the first beaker can easily shift into
the solid phase from the liquid phase so a colder
solid phase from liquid phase at normal freezing
temperature is needed to shift.
temperature.
Vapor Pressure
Lowering
The presence of a non-volatile solute
means that fewer solvent particles are
at the solutions surface, so less
solvent evaporates.
Molecules of nonvolatile solute take up
space, thus preventing some solvent
molecules to vaporize. Condensation
continues at the same rate, but
vaporization slows down.
Vapor Pressure
Lowering
Boiling Point Elevation

The increase in boiling point caused by a solute that

is dissolved in a solvent.

BOILING POINT – temperature at which the vapor

pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure.
 Osmotic
Pressure
Osmotic Pressure
Pressure required to stop osmosis/
Pressure exerted by the solvent to
pass

Osmosis
is a process of movement of solvents
through a semi-permeable membrane
Semi-permeable membrane from a region of lower solute
Allows the passage of solvent molecules but blocks the passage of concentration to higher solute
solute molecules. concentration.
QUESTIONS?
THANK
YOU!!!